The French revolution and the transfer of the open access order to the South-Western German states and Prussia

Twenty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain, there is again a debate on shock therapy versus gradualism, this time with regard to developing and emerging societies. This debate was mainly triggered by Dani Rodrik (2007), who argues that reform programmes in poor countries should not be implemented according to a one fits all development blueprint (such as the Washington Consensus) but should try to relate to the specific conditions of time and space - a strategy calling for gradualism and the participation of local actors. Daron Acemoglu et al. (2009) have recently undertaken a forceful attempt to refute this view. In their paper The Consequences of Radical Reform: The French Revolution the authors provide empirical evidence of the lasting growth-stimulating impact of the implementation of the Napoleonic Code and other post-revolutionary institutional innovations in other European countries and in particular in those parts of Germany that were occupied by France. As these changes were introduced at high speed and followed a radical top-down approach, the authors regard them as proof that it is certainly not always necessary to adapt reforms to local circumstances and that shock therapy in certain institutional contexts is often the only means to break the hold on land and people exercised by the ancient regime (Acemoglu et al. 2009, p. 6). The present paper was originally intended as an extended comment on Acemoglu et al. Its aim, however, was never to refute their thesis but, rather, to complement their analysis. --

Alfred Petit-Clair, Jr. v. Attorney General New Jersey

USDC for the District of New Jerse

California Adolescents Increasingly Inactive

Explores the health benefits of regular exercise; the extent to which adolescents in California are getting adequate levels of physical activity; and factors that affect high rates of inactivity. Provides policy recommendations

Parental Involvement as a Determinant of Academic Performance of Gifted Underachieving Students in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State

Extensive research has shown that the underachievement of capable children is an area of concern for many parents and educators. This study investigated the role of parents in enhancing academic performance of underachieving students in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample size of one hundred (100) was randomly selected using stratified random sampling technique with forty nine (49) males and fifty one (51) females. Majority of the subjects used fell within the ages of seventeen (17) and nineteen (19). A structured questionnaire and verbal interview method were used to collect data from the selected subjects. Three hypotheses were tested using percentiles and normal distribution as statistical tools for data analysis. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the academic performance of underachieving students with single parent and those with both parents (Crit – t = 1.96, Cal. t = 0.798, df = 98, P > 0.05 level of significance). The findings also showed that there was no significant difference between the academic performance of underachieving students whose parents live in the urban area and those whose parents live in rural area (Crit – t = 1.96, Cal. t = 0.186, df = 98, P > 0.05 level of significance). Finally, the result also indicated that there was no significant difference between the academic performance of underachieving students whose parents are of low socio-economic status and those whose parents are of high socio-economic status (Crit – t = 1.96, Cal.t = 0.135, df = 98, P > 0.05 level of significance). Keywords: Parental involvement, Academic performance, Gifted Underachieving students

Prevalência de sintomas das Disfunções Temporomandibulares nos pacientes atendidos no CEO de Palmares-PE / Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders symptoms in patients seen at the CEO of Palmares-PE

O Termo DTM (Disfunção Temporomandibular) engloba uma série de desordens que envolvem os músculos da mastigação, as articulações temporomandibulares e estruturas associadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de sintomas de DTM e rastreamento de dor  em indivíduos encaminhados para atendimento no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas do município de Palmares (PE). Tratou-se de um estudo transversal epidemiológico, analítico, descritivo, quantitativo, no qual os indivíduos foram submetidos aos questionários da Academia Europeia de Disfunção Crâniomandibular e TMD-PAIN SCREENER. Os resultados referentes ao questionário TMD – PAIN SCREENER evidenciaram que 80.8% dos entrevistados não apresentaram dor, 14,2% apresentaram dor passageira, 5,0% apresentaram dor persistente e a origem do ambulatório não influenciou significativamente as respostas. Os resultados referentes ao questionário de rastreamento de dor, mostraram que 14 % dos voluntários   apresentaram dor, uma vez por semana ou mais, quando abriam amplamente a boca ou mastigavam, sendo a totalidade do sexo feminino, e sem significância estatística para a origem do ambulatório. Houve maior prevale?ncia de sintomas de DTM no sexo feminino dentre as pessoas que foram encaminhadas para atendimento Odontológico no Centro de Especialidade Odontológicas (CEO) de Palmares. Conclui-se, portanto, que a frequência de sintomas para essa disfunção mostra a necessidade de um profissional especializado em DTM e Dor Orofacial para atendimento da população assistida por essa unidade de saúde

Histological evidence of trauma in tusks of southern African dicynodonts

Dicynodonts were a clade of globally-distributed therapsids known for their abundance in the fossil record and for surviving the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. The group had distinctive dental adaptations including a beak and, in many species, paired maxillary tusks. The function of these tusks has long been of interest, yet remains poorly understood.We report here on two instances of unusual morphology in tusk dentine from specimens of: 1) Lystrosaurus from the Karoo Basin of South Africa and, 2) an unidentified dicynodontoid from the Luangwa Basin of Zambia. In both, the cross-sectional shape of the tusk root is lobed and infolded, which histological features suggest is a result of abnormal dentine deposition. We infer that this abnormal morphology is likely the consequence of trauma given its reparative nature and structural similarities to trauma-related morphologies reported in the tusks of modern elephants. This study demonstrates that histological sampling of dicynodont tusks can shed light on the biology of this important clade of therapsids.National Geographic Exploration Grant NGS-158R-18 National Science Foundation PLR-1341304 National Science Foundation DEB-1701383 Palaeontological Scientific TrustJNC201

Occupying American “Black” Bodies and Reconfiguring European Spaces—The Possibilities for Noncitizen Articulations in Berlin and Beyond

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97197/1/traa12006.pd