Apreciarse, o las aspiraciones del capital humano

El capital humano es al neoliberalism o lo que el trabajador libre de Marx era respecto al capitalismo liberal, a saber: el sujeto al mismo tiempo presu puesto y movilizado por las instituciones encargadas de su gobierno. Esta es la hipótesis que pretendemos defender aquí y la razón que explica que «capital humano» sea el nom re más aprpiado para describir la condición neoliberal. El trabajador libre es un espacio escindido: entre su subjetividad inalienable y su fuerza de trabajo, constituida para ser alquilada; entre las aspiraciones constitutivas de su vida espiritual y los intereses que gobiernan su vida material; entre la esfera de la reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo y la esfera de la producción de mercancías. Por otro lado, el capital humano no implica —de ninguna manera— un corte entre las esferas de la producción y la reproducción, pues lo que se moviliza es el stock de competencias innatas y adquiridas inmanentes al sujeto. Su uso producirá un rendimiento —monetario o de otro tipo—, y su valorización dependerá de todo lo que el sujeto logre y de todo lo que le ocurra (en cualquier registro existencial). En otras palabras, mi capital humano soy yo, en tanto que stock de competencias o portfolio de conductas en busca de apreciación. Siguiendo esta definición, nos preguntamos en qué medida una política de izquierdas podría aprovechar esta subjetividad neoliberal, de la misma manera que, en su momento, el movimiento obrero aprendió a hacer uso de la condición del trabajador libre

The radical cation of bacteriochlorophyll b. A liquid-phase endor and triple resonance study

The previous termradical cationnext term of bacterioehlorophyll b (BChl b) is investigated by ENDOR and TRIPLE resonance in liquid solution. The experimental hyperfine coupling constants, ten proton and three nitrogen couplings, are compared with the predictions from advanced molecular-orbital calculations (RHF INDO/SP). The detailed picture obtained of the spin density distribution is a prerequisite for the investigation of the primary electron donor previous termradical cationnext term in BChl b containing photosynthetic bacteria

Proton endor study of the photoexcited triplet state PT in Rps. sphaeroides R-26 photosynthetic reaction centres

The photoexcited triplet state PT of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 has been investigated by ENDOR measurements performed on frozen photosynthetic reaction centre solutions. For the first time hyperfine data could be obtained for PT. These data indicate a delocalisation of the triplet state over two bacteriochlorophyll a molecules

ESR, ENDOR and TRIPLE resonance studies of the primary donor radical cation P960+ in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis

The light-induced radical cation of the primary electron donor P960+• in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis has been investigated by ESR, ENDOR and TRIPLE techniques. Both the comparison with the cation radical of monomeric bacteriochlorophyll b (BChl b) and with molecular-orbital calculations performed on P960+• using the results of an X-ray structure analysis, consistently show an asymmetric distribution of the unpaired electron over the two BChl b molecules which constitute P960+•. The possible relevance of this result for the primary electron transfer step in the reaction center is briefly discussed

On Forensic Architecture: A Conversation with Eyal Weizman

Yve-Alain Bois, Michel Feher, Hal Foster, and Eyal Weizman discuss “forensic architecture,” the practice of treating common elements of our built environment as entry points through which to interrogate the present. Forensic Architecture is also the name of a research agency established by Weizman to undertake independent investigations in the context of armed conflicts, political struggles, and environmental transformation. Participants discuss cases in which the agency acts on commissions from international prosecutors, investigative journalists, the United Nations, human rights organizations, and environmental-justice and media groups. The discussion of this practice is illustrated by brief examples taken from recent investigations in places such as Pakistan, the former Yugoslavia, Gaza, Syria, and Guatemala

Temperature dependence of the primary electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The primary electron transfer (ET) in reaction centers (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is investigated as a function of temperature with femtosecond time resolution. For temperatures from 300 to 25 K the ET to the bacteriopheophytin is characterized by a biphasic time dependence. The two time constants of τ1=3.5±0.4 ps and τ2=1.2±0.3 ps at T=300 K decrease continously with temperature to values of τ1=1.4±0.3 ps and τ2=0.3±0.15 ps at 25 K. The experimental results indicate that the ET is not thermally activated and that the same ET mechanisms are active at room and low temperatures. All observations are readily rationalized by a two-step ET model with the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll as a real electron carrier

Refining Our Understanding of the Flow Through Coronary Artery Branches; Revisiting Murray's Law in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries

Background: Quantification of coronary blood flow is used to evaluate coronary artery disease, but our understanding of flow through branched systems is poor. Murray’s law defines coronary morphometric scaling, the relationship between flow (Q) and vessel diameter (D) and is the basis for minimum lumen area targets when intervening on bifurcation lesions. Murray’s original law (Q α D(P)) dictates that the exponent (P) is 3.0, whilst constant blood velocity throughout the system would suggest an exponent of 2.0. In human coronary arteries, the value of Murray’s exponent remains unknown. Aim: To establish the exponent in Murray’s power law relationship that best reproduces coronary blood flows (Q) and microvascular resistances (Rmicro) in a bifurcating coronary tree. Methods and Results: We screened 48 cases, and were able to evaluate inlet Q and Rmicro in 27 branched coronary arteries, taken from 20 patients, using a novel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which reconstructs 3D coronary anatomy from angiography and uses pressure-wire measurements to compute Q and Rmicro distribution in the main- and side-branches. Outputs were validated against invasive measurements using a Rayflow™ catheter. A Murray’s power law exponent of 2.15 produced the strongest correlation and closest agreement with inlet Q (zero bias, r = 0.47, p = 0.006) and an exponent of 2.38 produced the strongest correlation and closest agreement with Rmicro (zero bias, r = 0.66, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The optimal power law exponents for Q and Rmicro were not 3.0, as dictated by Murray’s Law, but 2.15 and 2.38 respectively. These data will be useful in assessing patient-specific coronary physiology and tailoring revascularisation decisions

Validation of a novel numerical model to predict regionalized blood flow in the coronary arteries

Aims: Ischaemic heart disease results from insufficient coronary blood flow. Direct measurement of absolute flow (mL/min) is feasible, but has not entered routine clinical practice in most catheterization laboratories. Interventional cardiologists, therefore, rely on surrogate markers of flow. Recently, we described a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for predicting flow that differentiates inlet, side branch, and outlet flows during angiography. In the current study, we evaluate a new method that regionalizes flow along the length of the artery. Methods and results: Three-dimensional coronary anatomy was reconstructed from angiograms from 20 patients with chronic coronary syndrome. All flows were computed using CFD by applying the pressure gradient to the reconstructed geometry. Side branch flow was modelled as a porous wall boundary. Side branch flow magnitude was based on morphometric scaling laws with two models: a homogeneous model with flow loss along the entire arterial length; and a regionalized model with flow proportional to local taper. Flow results were validated against invasive measurements of flow by continuous infusion thermodilution (Coroventis™, Abbott). Both methods quantified flow relative to the invasive measures: homogeneous (r 0.47, P 0.006; zero bias; 95% CI -168 to +168 mL/min); regionalized method (r 0.43, P 0.013; zero bias; 95% CI -175 to +175 mL/min). Conclusion: During angiography and pressure wire assessment, coronary flow can now be regionalized and differentiated at the inlet, outlet, and side branches. The effect of epicardial disease on agreement suggests the model may be best targeted at cases with a stenosis close to side branches.</p

Evaluation of models of sequestration flow in coronary arteries—Physiology versus anatomy?

Background: Myocardial ischaemia results from insufficient coronary blood flow. Computed virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) allows quantification of proportional flow loss without the need for invasive pressure-wire testing. In the current study, we describe a novel, conductivity model of side branch flow, referred to as ‘leak’. This leak model is a function of taper and local pressure, the latter of which may change radically when focal disease is present. This builds upon previous techniques, which either ignore side branch flow, or rely purely on anatomical factors. This study aimed to describe a new, conductivity model of side branch flow and compare this with established anatomical models. Methods and results: The novel technique was used to quantify vFFR, distal absolute flow (Qd) and microvascular resistance (CMVR) in 325 idealised 1D models of coronary arteries, modelled from invasive clinical data. Outputs were compared to an established anatomical model of flow. The conductivity model correlated and agreed with the reference model for vFFR (r = 0.895, p < 0.0001; ＋0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to ＋ 0.22), Qd (r = 0.959, p < 0.0001; −5.2 mL/min, 95% CI −52.2 to ＋13.0) and CMVR (r = 0.624, p < 0.0001; ＋50 Woods Units, 95% CI −325 to ＋2549). Conclusion: Agreement between the two techniques was closest for vFFR, with greater proportional differences seen for Qd and CMVR. The conductivity function assumes vessel taper was optimised for the healthy state and that CMVR was not affected by local disease. The latter may be addressed with further refinement of the technique or inferred from complementary image data.The conductivity technique may represent a refinement of current techniques for modelling coronary side-branch flow. Further work is needed to validate the technique against invasive clinical data