(In)voluntary entrepreneurs. A study of tradition usage as a departure for rural entrepreneurship

People from Kenozerje ceased to be citizens of the Soviet state on December 26, 1991, and two days later received a citizenship of the Kenozersky National Park, a new incredible country stretched on the borders of the Arkhangelsk region in Russia. The Park uses traditions established on its territory as a departure for activities and constructing an everyday life in Kenozerje. The Park is constantly facing the dilemmas – how to preserve local culture and how to involve people into handling and initiating projects in Kenozerje

Thermal H/D exchange in polar ice - deuteron scrambling in space

We have investigated the thermally induced proton/deuteron exchange in mixed amorphous H$_2$O:D$_2$O ices by monitoring the change in intensity of characteristic vibrational bending modes of H$_2$O, HDO, and D$_2$O with time and as function of temperature. The experiments have been performed using an ultra-high vacuum setup equipped with an infrared spectrometer that is used to investigate the spectral evolution of homogeneously mixed ice upon co-deposition in thin films, for temperatures in the 90 to 140 K domain. With this non-energetic detection method we find a significantly lower activation energy for H/D exchange -- $3840 \pm 125$ K -- than previously reported. Very likely this is due to the amorphous nature of the interstellar ice analogues involved. This provides reactive timescales ($\tau70$ K) fast enough for the process to be important in interstellar environments. Consequently, an astronomical detection of D$_2$O will be even more challenging because of its potential to react with H$_2$O to form HDO. Furthermore, additional experiments, along with previous studies, show that proton/deuteron swapping also occurs in ice mixtures of water with other hydrogen bonded molecules, in particular on the OH and NH moieties. We conclude that H/D exchange in ices is a more general process that should be incorporated into ice models that are applied to protoplanetary disks or to simulate the warming up of cometary ices in their passage of the perihelion, to examine the extent of its influence on the final deuteron over hydrogen ratio.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Pellet heat transfer coefficients in packed beds: global and local values

Pellet heat transfer coefficients in a packed bed have been obtained, both for specific individual pellets and for the entire bed. They are referred to as local and global values, respectively. It appears that the local values are scattered around the global value. This is due to the heat transfer coefficient of individual pellets being statistically distributed, as a result of the randomnes of the packing. At low Reynolds numbers, both global and local values fall well below Nu = 2, which is the lower limit for a single sphere in absence of convection. In the literature, this behaviour has been attributed i.a. to axial dispersion and fluid maldistribution. However, these phenomena cannot explain why the same behaviour is observed in slurries. The fact that the local values fall below Nu = 2 would suggest that neither of these explanations is valid for packed beds

Graded Lie algebras, representation theory, integrable mappings and systems: nonabelian case

The exactly integrable systems connected with semisimple series $A$ for arbitrary grading are presented in explicit form. Their general solutions are expressed in terms of the matrix elements of various fundamental representations of $A_n$ groups. The simplest example of such systems is the generalized Toda chain with the matrices of arbitrary dimensions in each point of the lattice.Comment: LaTeX, 19 page