THE POTENTIAL OF THE SYSTEM OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PROGRAMMES FOR STUDENTS

Additional professional education is an essential part of continuing education. It is presented by a wide range of educational programs in various areas. Today the society needs additional education for the student audience as well. In this article the author presents a view on designing APE programs for students.Система ДПО является неотъемлемым компонентом непрерывного образования и представлена широким спектром образовательных программ различной направленности. Сегодня в обществе появилась необходимость дополнительного образования и для студенческой аудитории. В данной статье автором представлен взгляд на проектирование программ ДПО для студентов

Resource retrial queue with two orbits and negative customers

In this paper, a multi-server retrial queue with two orbits is considered. There are two arrival processes of positive customers (with two types of customers) and one process of negative customers. Every positive customer requires some amount of resource whose total capacity is limited in the system. The service time does not depend on the customer’s resource requirement and is exponentially distributed with parameters depending on the customer’s type. If there is not enough amount of resource for the arriving customer, the customer goes to one of the two orbits, according to his type. The duration of the customer delay in the orbit is exponentially distributed. A negative customer removes all the customers that are served during his arrival and leaves the system. The objects of the study are the number of customers in each orbit and the number of customers of each type being served in the stationary regime. The method of asymptotic analysis under the long delay of the customers in the orbits is applied for the study. Numerical analysis of the obtained results is performed to show the influence of the system parameters on its performance measure

Effects of nanodispersed iron on the morphofunctional parameters of the blood system

The effects of nanodispersed iron forms on the morphology and function of the blood system were studied. Maghemite and lepidocrocite caused a leukocytic shift towards segmented neutrophil forms, reduction of lymphocyte rigidity, and stimulated their compactization. In addition, the counts of small hyperchromatic erythrocytes with high rigidity increased in the blood flow. The results indicated that a single dose of nanodispersed iron-containing drugs improved the blood respiratory function and its microrheolog

Distribution of the common nettle Urtica dioica L. and annual nettle U. urens L. in the Russian Federation

Two widespread weedy species of Urtica L. (Urticaceaea Juss.), common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and annual nettle (U. urens L.), possess many useful properties, so any information on their distribution is of practical interest. Numerous scientific publications with open access were used to map the areas of distribution for these species in the Russian Federation. While mapping the spatial arrangement of these taxa, the data on the frequency of their occurrence in separate administrative subdivisions of the country were employed. Areas where occurrences of an individual nettle species are scored as “very often”, “often”, “usually” or “often” were blended into one territory characterized with the “often” occurrence: this is the optimum zone for the species in question. Similarly, the pessimum zone for the species was identified as a combined territory of the areas where the occurrence was marked as “very rarely”, “rarely”, “infrequently” or “sporadically”. The pessimum zone included the areas located in the north of the range of species distribution: they are characterized by cooler and more humid environmental conditions than the optimum zone. The pessimum also incorporated the lands stretching in the southern part of the range: their environmental conditions are drier and warmer than those in both the optimum zone and the northern part of the pessimum zone. Therefore, plants of the same species, occurring in different parts of their area of distribution, are adapted to different hydrothermal conditions, which should be taken into account when selecting forms for further possible cultivation and use

Upper limit on the ultra-high-energy photon flux from AGASA and Yakutsk data

We present the interpretation of the muon and scintillation signals of ultra-high-energy air showers observed by AGASA and Yakutsk extensive air shower array experiments. We consider case-by-case ten highest energy events with known muon content and conclude that at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) none of them was induced by a primary photon. Taking into account statistical fluctuations and differences in the energy estimation of proton and photon primaries, we derive an upper limit of 36% at 95% C.L. on the fraction of primary photons in the cosmic-ray flux above 10^20 eV. This result disfavors the Z-burst and superheavy dark-matter solutions to the GZK-cutoff problem.Comment: revtex, 8 pages, 4 figure

Финансовая устойчивость местных бюджетов в кризисные периоды: проблемы и пути решения

Purpose: to assess the degree of growth of threats to the public sector, with an emphasis on their impact on the financial stability of local budgets, to consider the feasibility of using a set of budgetary and financial instruments by municipal authorities to counteract budgetary risks growing in crisis conditions.Methods: the study is based on the use of a systematic approach, general scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as the use of methods of economic and statistical analysis and processing of analytical data, analogies and scientific generalizations, a tabular way of visualizing research results.Results: the analysis and assessment of the factors of influence made it possible to substantiate the expediency of using by the budgets of the Moscow Region of a set of budgetary, financial, tax and other management tools that ensure an increase in the efficiency of budgetary impact on socio-economic processes during the period of crisis. Growing budget risks associated to a greater extent with the uncertainty and unforeseen economic situation and affecting the financial stability of local budgets are identified. The methodology for assessing the depth of the crisis state of budgets and determining the pace of a possible recovery of the economy of the municipal sector based on optimizing the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures, which helps to increasing financial stability, is proposed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approbation of the methodology for assessing the financial stability of local budgets in times of crisis has shown that administrations can more quickly and adequately respond to ongoing changes, find optimal, often non-standard ways to solve problems and reduce negative consequences, taking into account the fullest possible implementation of the functions provided for by the current legislature. The proposed approach creates an opportunity for building new systemic mechanisms for the interaction of municipal government bodies and other economic entities on a mutually beneficial basis. In the context of increasing budget tension, this enables the authorities to act proactively and quickly minimize threats to ensuring the sustainability of budgets, which is especially important for maintaining socio-economic territorial stability in this crisis period.Цель статьи – оценка степени нарастания угроз для бюджетного сектора, с акцентом их влияния на финансовую устойчивость местных бюджетов, и определение целесообразности применения муниципальными органами власти комплекса бюджетно-финансовых инструментов для противодействия нарастающим в кризисных условиях бюджетным рискам.Методы. Исследование базируется на использовании системного подхода, общенаучных методов, включая анализ, синтез, сравнение, а также на применении методов экономико-статистического анализа и обработки аналитических данных, аналогий и научных обобщений, табличного способа визуализации результатов исследований.Результаты работы. Проведенный анализ и оценка факторов влияния позволили обосновать целесообразность применения бюджетами Московской области комплекса бюджетно-финансовых, налоговых и других управленческих инструментов, обеспечивающих повышение эффективности бюджетного воздействия на социально-экономические процессы в период кризисных явлений. Выявлены нарастающие бюджетные риски, связанные в большей степени с неопределенностью и непредвиденностью экономической ситуации и влияющие на финансовую устойчивость местных бюджетов. Предложена методика оценки глубины кризисного состояния бюджетов и определения темпов возможного восстановления экономики муниципального сектора на основе оптимизации показателей доходов и расходов бюджетов, что способствует повышению финансовой устойчивости.Выводы. Апробация методики оценки финансовой устойчивости местных бюджетов в кризисные периоды показала для администраций возможность более быстро и адекватно реагировать на происходящие перемены, находить оптимальные, зачастую нестандартные способы решения проблем и сокращения негативных последствий, с учетом максимально полного выполнения функций, предусмотренных действующим законодательством. Предложенный подход создает возможность для выстраивания новых системных механизмов взаимодействия органов муниципального управления с другими экономическими субъектами на взаимовыгодной основе. В условиях нарастания напряженности бюджетов это дает возможность органам власти превентивно действовать и в короткие сроки минимизировать угрозы в отношении обеспечения устойчивости бюджетов, что особенно важно для сохранения социально-экономической территориальной стабильности в кризисный период

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as biomarkers of the effectiveness of therapy with new biological agents in axial spondyloarthritis

Innate immune cells, including myeloid cells — myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) — are supposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSp). Myeloid derived suppressor cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature cells capable of suppressing innate and adaptive immune responses with the most pronounced suppressor activity against T cells. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) can reduce the clinical and laboratory disease activity, but their effectiveness varies widely in different patients with AxSp. The present study is aimed at studying MDSCs subpopulations and their suppressive function depending on the response to bDMARD therapy in AxSp. The study included AxSp patients with a disease duration of 16.5 years (median); HLA-B27 (+) status was detected in 79% of cases. All patients received bDMARDs at least the past 12 weeks, including TNF inhibitors (etanercept, certolizumab pegol, adalimumab, or golimumab) or IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab, or netakimab). Percentage of granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs, Lin-HLA-DR-CD33+CD66b+), monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs, HLA-DRlow/-CD14+), MDSCs of early stage differentiation (E-MDSCs, Lin-HLA-DR- CD33+CD66b-), as well as intracellular expression of arginase-1 was assessed by flow cytometry. Frequency of circulating MDSC subpopulations of patients with a stable response to bDMARDs (responders) did not differ significantly compared to healthy donors. Patients not responding to bDMARDs therapy showed increased relative and absolute number of E-MDSCs compared to healthy donors (pU = 0.01 and pU = 0.02, respectively) and the responders (pU = 0.03 and pU = 0.07, respectively). Increased percentage of E-MDSCs was positively correlated to disease activity — ESR (Rs = 0.821; p = 0.023), CRP (Rs = 0.714; p = 0.07) and ASDASCRP (Rs = 0.829; p = 0.042) in the non-responder group. Responder patients exhibited no correlation between disease activity and circulating MDSCs. The suppressor potential of MDSCs was analyzed by the intracellular expression of arginase-1 molecule which is involved in the inhibition of T cell response. Patients with the stable response were characterized by increased expression of arginase-1 in E-MDSCs compared to donors (pU = 0.02). Non-responders did not demonstrate significant changes in Arg-1 expression, however, the percentage of arginase-1-expressing G-MDSCs was positively correlated to indexes ASDASESR (Rs = 0.857; p = 0.014) and BASDAI (Rs = 0.785; p = 0.036). Thus, E-MDSCs as well as arginase-1 expression in MDSCs may serve as biomarkers of effectiveness bDMARD therapy, and act as potential candidate predictors of response to therapy in AxSp

Забезпечення економічно-відтворювальної та аналітично-контролінгової функцій інструментарія з управління активами забудовників житла

The article is devoted to the development of scientific and methodological basis and tools for investment support of housing construction, which is considered in the context of mutual coordination with the specifics of economic and contractual relations of leading subjects of residential development – lender, developer, investors. Methodological developments are based on the existing methodology of project management, the formation of a simplified and complete conceptual model of differentiated attraction of sources of resource support, based on the theory of stakeholders, methods of economic evaluation of sources of financing and attraction of investments and value-oriented goal-setting. The paper analyzes the existing concepts, models, methods of management of investment and construction projects, characterizes the current level of success of such projects. It was found that the housing project management system needs to be improved in terms of shifting the emphasis from maximizing the profit of builders to achieving the value of the project results for all its stakeholders throughout the life cycle of the project. The conceptual model of the problem-targeted differentiated choice of sources of resource support for investment and construction projects in housing construction is proposed.Стаття присвячена розробці науково-методичного підґрунтя та інструментарію інвестиційного забезпечення житлового будівництва, яке розглядається у взаємоузгодженні із специфікою економічних та кредитно-договірних взаємин провідних суб’єктів житлової забудови – кредитора, забудовника, інвесторів. Методологічні розробки базуються на існуючій методології управління проектами, формування спрощеної та повної концептуальної моделі диференційованого залучення джерел ресурсного забезпечення, що спираються на теорію стейкхолдерів, методи економічного оцінювання джерел фінансування та залучення інвестицій та ціннісно-орієнтованого цілепокладання. В роботі виконано аналіз існуючих концепцій, моделей, методів управління інвестиційно-будівельними проектами, надано характеристику поточного рівня успішності таких проектів. Було виявлено, що система менеджменту проектів із житлового будівництва потребує вдосконалення у її частині перенесення акцентів з забезпечення максимізації прибутку будівельників на спрямованість до досягнення цінності результату проекту для всіх його зацікавлених сторін та протягом усього життєвого циклу проекту. Запропонована концептуальна модель проблемно-цільового диференційованого вибору джерел ресурсного забезпечення інвестиційно-будівельних проектів в житловому будівництві

The role of polymorphic variants of arginase genes (<i>ARG1, ARG2</i>) involved in beta-2-agonist metabolism in the development and course of asthma

Asthma is a common severe disease of the respiratory tract, it leads to a significant impairment in the quality of a patient’s life unless effectively treated. Uncontrolled asthma symptoms are a cause of disease progression and development, they lead to an increase in the patient’s disability. The sensitivity to asthma therapy largely depends on the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors, which account for about 50–60 % of variability of therapeutic response. Beta-2-agonists are some of the major class of bronchodilators used for asthma management. According to published data, allelic variants of the arginase ARG1 and ARG2 genes are associated with a risk of asthma development, spirometry measures and efficacy of bronchodilator therapy. High arginase activity results in a low level of plasma L-arginine and in a decrease in nitric oxide, and, as a result, in an increase in airway inflammation and remodeling. Arginase genetic polymorphisms (rs2781667 of the ARG1 gene, rs17249437, rs3742879, rs7140310 of the ARG2 gene) were studied in 236 children with asthma and 194 unrelated healthy individuals of Russian, Tatar and Bashkir ethnicity from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Association analysis of the studied polymorphisms with asthma development and course, the sensitivity to therapy in patients was carried out. It was found that the rs2781667*C allele of the ARG1 gene is a marker of an increased risk of asthma in Tatars. In Russians, the association of rs17249437*TT and rs3742879*GG genotypes of the ARG2 gene with a decrease in spirometry measures (FEV1, MEF25) was established. In Russians and Tatars receiving glucocorticoid monotherapy or combination therapy, the association of the rs17249437*T allele and rs17249437*TT genotype of the ARG2 gene with a partially controlled and uncontrolled course of asthma was shown