35 research outputs found
Modal Phenomena of Surface and Bulk Polaritons in Magnetic- Semiconductor Superlattices
We discuss peculiarities of bulk and surface polaritons propagating in a composite magnetic-semiconductor superlattice influenced by an external static magnetic field. Three particular configurations of magnetization, namely, the Voigt, polar, and Faraday geometries, are considered. In the long-wavelength limit, involving the effective medium theory, the proposed superlattice is described as an anisotropic uniform medium defined by the tensors of effective permittivity and effective permeability. The study is carried out in the frequency band where the characteristic resonant frequencies of underlying constitutive magnetic and semiconductor materials of the superlattice are different but closely spaced. The effects of mode crossing and anti-crossing in dispersion characteristics of both bulk and surface polaritons are revealed and explained with an assistance of the concept of Morse critical points from the catastrophe theory
Justification of stripping and development of a modular mine site for a combined coal mining method in Kuzbass on the example Baikaimskaya mine site
The article considers one actual method for development coal deposits in the Kuzbass by open-underground mining. The scientific and practical advantages of the proposed method due to the use of common infrastructure of coal mine and a modular mine site (subsequently transformed into a mining and technological structure operating according to the mine β longwall scheme) are presented. Currently, a development strategy for Kuzbass until 2035 has been developed. As part of the strategy, a draft program for subsoil use is being formed in the coal industry department. The program should take into account all the positive and negative aspects associated with coal mining in cities and municipal areas and also their prospects. In the Kuznetsk coal basin, 42 mines and 52 opencast mines are mining, of which 12 enterprises use partially unified infrastructure. According to the results of open-underground mining work conducted by the laboratory of the Institute of Coal and Coal Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Coal SB RAS), the list of sites includes favorable mining and geological conditions with incidence angles of up to 18 degrees. As open-pit coal production increases, many sites encounter such a parameter as maximum allowable (boundary) strip ratio. At the stage of preparing the feasibility study for the development of a coal deposit, this coefficient is calculated first of all, since duration of enterpriseβs work and its economic component depend on it. In order to increase parameters, it is necessary to carry out transition from open works to underground. As a result, coal mine will not work at a loss, providing production with an economically disadvantageous strip ratio
Variability in interpretation of chest radiographs among Russian clinicians and implications for screening programmes: observational study.
OBJECTIVE: To determine variability in interpretation of chest radiographs among tuberculosis specialists, radiologists, and respiratory specialists. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Tuberculosis and respiratory disease services, Samara region, Russian Federation. PARTICIPANTS: 101 clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interobserver and intraobserver agreement on the interpretation of 50 digital chest radiographs, using a scale of poor to very good agreement (kappa coefficient: < or = 0.20 poor, 0.21-0.40 fair, 0.41-0.60 moderate, 0.61-0.80 good, and 0.81-1.00 very good). RESULTS: Agreement on the presence or absence of an abnormality was fair only (kappa = 0.380, 95% confidence interval 0.376 to 0.384), moderate for localisation of the abnormality (0.448, 0.444 to 0.452), and fair for a diagnosis of tuberculosis (0.387, 0.382 to 0.391). The highest levels of agreement were among radiologists. Level of experience (years of work in the specialty) influenced agreement on presence of abnormalities and cavities. Levels of intraobserver agreement were fair. CONCLUSIONS: Population screening for tuberculosis in Russia may be less than optimal owing to limited agreement on interpretation of chest radiographs, and may have implications for radiological screening programmes in other countries
SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONS TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH VENTRAL HERNIAS
Objectives - to improve treatment results in patients with ventral hernia and the concurrent surgical diseases by means of the designed surgery tactics. Material and methods. The treatment of 834 patients with ventral hernia, aged from 18 up to 82 years, was analyzed. The group consisted of 196 men (23.5%) and 638 women (76.5%). According to the European Hernia Society (EHS) classification of postoperative ventral hernias the gate types were distributed in patients as follows: W1 - in 132 patients (15.8%), W2 - in 397 (47.6%), W3 - in 305 (36.6%), in 243 (29.1%) cases the hernias were recurrent. 394 (47.2%) patients had 597 simultaneous interventions. The treatment tactics for the patients with hernias and associated diseases was defined according to the designed classification. For the abdominal wall repair the 2 variants of the "tension-free" mesh repair technique were used. Results. Forced simultaneous interventions were performed in 34 patients when the intestinal loops adherent to the scar were situated in the hernia sac. In 27 cases the postoperative ventral hernia was combined to the intestinal fistulas, located out of the hernia area. 12 patients underwent herniolaparotomy conditioned by the intra-abdominal intestinal fistulas closure and small hernias size. To prevent the compartment syndrome in 3 patients with splanchnoptosis the right part of the colon was resected. 103 patients had the planned simultaneous operations including the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 19 cases, 114 patients underwent the panniculectomy. The preventional appendectomy was performed in patients with the recurrent large hernias. In 140 cases the omentum resection was done due to the signs of the chronical strangulation and omentitis. Postoperative pulmonary artery thromboembolia was the death cause for 3 (0.4%) patients. Only 8 (0.9%) patients suffered the partial hernia recurrence. Conclusion. In patients with hernias the simultaneous operations are conditioned by the pathogenesis and do not affect the severity and frequency of wound complications in the postoperative period. A condition for the simultaneous interventions in patients with hernias is the necessary implementation of the combined techniques of the ventral tension-free mesh hernioplasty
Detection of rifampicin and izoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Samara Region (Central Russia)
Recently high rates of tuberculosis incidence and prevalence
are observed in civilian and prisons sectors in Russia. One of the main reasons
for high morbidity levels and ineffectiveness of treatment is wide spreading of
drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, but accurate and comprehensive information on levels of drug resistance among strains circulating in
Central Russia is unavailable. Rifampicin and izoniazid resistance detection in TB isolates from
Samara (Central Russia) civilian and prison TB hospitals and dispensaries in
2000β2002 by revealing mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA genes using
Macroarray technique.
Methods: A total of 342 M. tuberculosis isolates were tested using Macroarray
method. It is based on multiplex amplification of rpoB, katG and inhA genes
fragments (with three pairs of biotin labeled primers) following by dothybridization with normal and mutant oligonucleotide probes (fragments of
rpoB, katG and inhA genes in which mutations occur) immobilized on nylon
membrane strips. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted by heating of cell
suspensions following by chloroform extraction. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase color development system was used for visualization of results
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
Irrational administration of antimicrobials, incorrect regimens and dosing provide occurrence of adverse effects with minimal therapeutic results and development of drug resistance including anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study was designed to detect information sources on drug therapy used by general practitioners and TB specialists, to establish stereotypical models of antibacterial drug administration in prevalent upper and lower airway diseases at the Samara region and to substantiate the supposition about unreasonable empiric administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs in a respiratory patient without microbiological confirmation as a probable cause of drug resistant tuberculosis. A cross-sectional study based on a special questionnaire was performed in 425 general practitioners in primary care facilities, hospitals and in TB specialists at the Samara region. The questionnaire contained several clinical situations and their solving and the respondents should choose the most suitable ones. Results demonstrated that majority of the practitioners (80 %, or 340 / 425 cases) widely use advertising information regarding antimicrobials. Several doctors (1.7 %) chose antibacterial drugs to treat acute respiratory viral infection, 0.8 to 1.6 % of doctors certainly decided to administer anti-tuberculotics in non-TB respiratory diseases such as acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, communityacquired pneumonia and acute tonsillitis, and approximately one fifth of the practitioners thought to administer antituberculotics in these diseases (18.4 % (78 / 425) β rifampicin, 21.2 % (90 / 425) β isoniasid).ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅) ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ. Ρ. ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ 425 Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ β Π² 80 % (340 / 425) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² β ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (1,7 %) Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΎΡ 0,8 % Π΄ΠΎ 1,6 % Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ°, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°), ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (18,4 %, (78 / 425) β Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ½; 21,2 % (90 / 425) β ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ