Effect of friction deformation on the structure and properties of a metastable austenitic chromium-nickel steel

The effect of surface friction deformation on the phase composition, structure, and strength properties of a ribbon produced from a chromium-nickel steel with metastable austenite is studied. It is shown that friction processing intensifies the γ-α transformation, creating favorable conditions for the formation of a highly dispersed structure in a thin surface layer and, thus, increasing the microhardness, the elastic limit, the fatigue stability, and the Bauschinger effect. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Teaching conversational language skills to foreign students: Blended learning and interactive approaches

The timeliness of the present study is a consequence of the changing status of the Russian language in the global communication landscape. The growing international significance of Russian requires the development of new language teaching methods. This article aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of employing a blended learning approach to teaching “Russian as a foreign language” with the use of authentic speaking situations, and to show the relevance of interactive education to the teaching of conversational language skills. The primary research method for this problem is a practical method of interactive learning that allows students to hold a constructive dialogue. The author proposes a new pedagogical genre, “convergent lecture,” which takes a different approach to the instruction of foreign students. The article explains how students’ experience of acting out potential social roles in the Russian as a foreign language classroom develops their ability to speak pragmatically in everyday, professional, and educational contexts. The findings of this article may be helpful for scholars who develop educational programs for foreign students, as well as instructors interested in helping their students develop more practical communication skills in a foreign environment. © 2016 Evtyugina, Simonova and Fedorenko

Nash equilibrium design in the interaction model of entities in the customs service system

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the importance of the use of economic-mathematical tools in the course of modeling the interaction of the entities in the customs service system that is necessary for the development of foreign economic activity (FEA) of any state. The purpose of the article is to identify effective strategies for the interaction between the participants of foreign trade activities with customs brokers. The leading method to the study of this issue is economic-mathematical modeling, allowing studying the process of making decisions while choosing the strategy of cooperation between the customs broker and his client. Results: the article suggests the mathematical model to optimize the management mechanisms of interaction between enterprises, engaged in foreign trade, and customs dealers. The data of this article may be useful in modeling interaction of the entities in the customs service system using the methods of game theory. The model of “customer - customs broker” is implemented as a bimatrix game. Assuming the noncooperativegame the authors solve the problem of finding Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. © 2016 Fedorenko et al

Induced Scattering and Two-Photon Absorption of Alfven Waves with Arbitrary Propagation Angles

The equation for temporary evolution of spectral energy of collisionless Alfven waves is derived in framework of weak turbulence theory. The main nonlinear processes for such conditions are induced scattering and two quantum absorption of Alfven waves by thermal ions. The equation for velocity distribution of thermal particles is derived that describes diffusion in momentum space due to this nonlinear processes. Comparison is done with the results of another authors. Results obtained are qualitatively differ from the ones obtained for the case of Alfven waves propagation along mean magnetic field.Comment: 8 page

On the Possibility of the Detection of Extinct Radio Pulsars

We explore the possibilities for detecting pulsars that have ceased to radiate in the radio band. We consider two models: the model with hindered particle escape from the pulsar surface (first suggested by Ruderman and Sutherland 1975) and the model with free particle escape (Arons 1981; Mestel 1999). In the model with hindered particle escape, the number of particles that leave the pulsar magnetosphere is small and their radiation cannot be detected with currently available instruments. At the same time, for the free particle escape model, both the number of particles and the radiation intensity are high enough for such pulsars to be detectable with the presently available receivers such as GLAST and AGILE spacecrafts. It is also possible that extinct radio pulsars can be among the unidentified EGRET sources.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure corrected version of the paper that was published in Astronomy Letter

Stereochemistry of seven-membered heterocycles: XLIII. Steric structure of diastereoisomeric 8,8-dichloro(dibromo)-4-R-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octanes

Dichloro- and dibromocyclopropanation of 2-substituted 1,3-dioxacyclohept- 5-enes according to Makosza resulted in formation of the corresponding 4-substituted 8,8-dichloro(dibromo)-3,5-dioxabicyclo-[5.1.0]octanes in good yields. Ultrasonic activation of the process considerably shortened the reaction time. According to the 13C NMR spectra, the chair-twist equilibrium is essentially displaced toward the chair conformer for the exo isomers and toward the twist conformer for the endo structures. Similar results were obtained by AM1 semiempirical calculations which indicated that the CCI⋯O interaction largely determines the conformational equilibrium. The state of the diastereoisomer epimerization equilibrium depends on the size of the substituent at the acetal carbon atom