On the Filter Narrowing Issues in Elastic Optical Networks

This paper describes the problematic filter narrowing effect in the context of next-generation elastic optical networks. First, three possible scenarios are introduced: the transition from an actual fixed-grid to a flexigrid network, the generic full flexi-grid network, and a proposal for a filterless optical network. Next, we investigate different transmission techniques and evaluate the penalty introduced by the filtering effect when considering Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing, single side-band direct-detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and symbol-rate variable dual polarization quadrature amplitude modulation. Also, different approaches to compensate for the filter narrowing effect are discussed. Results show that the specific needs per each scenario can be fulfilled by the aforementioned technologies and techniques or a combination of them, when balancing performance, network reach, and cost

Quantum dash mode-locked lasers for millimeter wave signal generation and transmission

In this paper we present the remarkable characteristics of quantum dash mode-locked lasers and how they could be used for low phase noise signal generation, for high data rate wireless transmission and radar in the millimeter wave frequency range

Millimeter-Wave Photonic Components for Broadband Wireless Systems

We report on advanced millimeter-wave (mm-wave) photonic components for broadband radio transmission. We have developed self-pulsating 60-GHz range quantum-dash Fabry-Perot mode-locked laser diodes (MLLD) for passive, i.e., unlocked, photonic mm-wave generation with comparably low-phase noise level of -76 dBc/Hz @ 100-kHz offset from a 58.8-GHz carrier. We further report on high-frequency 1.55-mu m waveguide photodiodes (PD) with partially p-doped absorber for broadband operation (f(3dB) similar to 70-110 GHz) and peak output power levels up to +4.5 dBm @ 110 GHz as well as wideband antenna integrated photomixers for operation within 30-300 GHz and peak output power levels of -11 dBm @ 100 GHz and 6-mA photocurrent. We further present compact 60-GHz wireless transmitter and receiver modules for wireless transmission of uncompressed 1080p (2.97 Gb/s) HDTV signals utilizing the developed MLLD and mm-wave PD. Error-free (BER = 10(-9), 2(31) - 1 PRBS, NRZ) outdoor wireless transmission of 3 Gb/s over 25 m is demonstrated, as well as wireless transmission of uncompressed HDTV signals in the 60-GHz band. Finally, an advanced 60-GHz photonic wireless system offering record data throughputs and spectral efficiencies is presented. For the first time, we demonstrate photonic wireless transmission of data throughputs up to 27.04 Gb/s (EVM 17.6%) using a 16-QAM OFDM modulation format resulting in a spectral efficiency as high as 3.86 b/s/Hz. Wireless experiments were carried out within the regulated 57-64-GHz band in a lab environment with a maximum transmit power of -1 dBm and 23 dBi gain antennas for a wireless span of 2.5 m. This span can be extended to some 100 m when using high-gain antennas and higher transmit power levels

Engineering the Surface Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Utilizing Aqueous RAFT Photografting of Acrylate/Methacrylate Monomers

Polymeric surface grafting offers a tunable way to control the interfacial interactions between a material’s surface and its environment. The ability to tailor the surface properties of poly­(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSe) substrates with functional chemistry, wettability, and roughness can enhance the fields of biofouling, microfluidics, and medical implants. We developed a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique to synthesize a host of copolymers composed of acrylamide, acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and (3-acrylamidopropyl)­trimethylammonium chloride with targetable molecular weight from ∼5 to 80 kg/mol and low dispersity of <i>Đ</i> ≤ 1.13. This RAFT strategy was used in conjunction with photografting to chemically engineer the surface of PDMSe with hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and anionic groups. Varying grafting time and copolymer composition allowed for targetable molecular weight, chemical functionality, and water contact angles ranging from 112° to 14°. These new material surfaces will be evaluated for their antifouling and fouling release potential

1.3-μm GaNAsSb-GaAs UTC-photodetectors for 10-gigabit ethernet links

We report on 10-Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae) fiber-optic transmission at 1.3- m wavelengh utilizing high-speed GaNAsSb uni-travelling-carrier photodetectors (PDs) grown on GaAs substrate.With an optical bandgap of 0.88 eV, the PDs are suitable for near-infrared operation up to wavelengths of about 1380 nm. The dc responsivity and 3-dB cut-off frequency of the non-antireflection-coated PD at 1.3- µm wavelength are 0.35 A/W and 14 GHz, respectively. Using this GaAs-based GaNAsSb PD, an error-free (bit-error rate = 10sup12 transmission of 10-Gb Ethernet data at 1.3- µm wavelength is successfully demonstrated

9.6Tb/s CP-QPSK transmission over 6500 km of NZ-DSF with commercial hybrid amplifiers

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an ultralong-haul dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission of 96 ,, \times ,, 100 Gb/s coherent polarization multiplexed quadrature phase-shifted keying transponders over ITU-T G.655 nonzero dispersion-shifted large effective area fibers (NZ-DSF) with an effective core area of 72 \mu text{m}^{2} , employing both commercial erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and hybrid EDFA + Raman amplification systems. Using the state-of-the-art digital pulse shaping and digital preemphasis algorithms, we report \sim 1.5 dB back-to-back optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty at pre forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) threshold ( 3.8\times 10^{-2} ), with respect to theoretical performance. In particular, we demonstrate \sim 6500 km transmission across the entire C-band, at pre-FEC BER of 3.8\times 10^{-2} , employing EDFA + backward Raman amplification—where the central channel (1552.2nm) had sufficient margin to enable transmission of up to \sim 8000 km. Furthermore, we report that hybrid amplification enables up to \sim 60 % improvement in maximum transmission reach, compared to EDFA based links. To the best of our knowledge, a record capacity-distance product of \sim 62.4~text\rm {Pb}/text\rm {s}\cdot text\rm {km- is achieved for NZ-DSF—an 11-fold increase, compared with the previous literature

Recent progress in dilute nitride-antimonide materials for photonic and electronic applications

International audienceThis paper reviews the recent progress in GaNAsSb material for photonic and electronic applications. All the results and data presented in this review article are summarized from our previously published works in refs. 6-12. Photoresponsivity of 12A/W and cut-off frequency of 4.5GHz were achieved in the 1.3µm GaNAsSb based photodetector. A GaNAsSb/GaAs optical waveguide system was also demonstrated at 1.55µm. The GaNAsSb based photoconductive switch exhibits pulsed response with FWHM of 30ps and photoresponse of up to 1.6µm. The turn-on voltage of the device fabricated from GaNAsSb based HBT is ~330mV lower than that of a conventional AlGaAs/GaAs HBT