Лучевая и эндоскопическая семиотика рака легкого

We examined 82 lung cancer patients admitted to the S.P.Botkin hospital for pneumonia. As a result of complex examination including radiological methods, bronchoscopy and biopsy central lung cancer was diagnosed in 68 patients, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were revealed in 8 ones, and peripheral carcinomas with the lung tissue destruction were found in 6 patients. Principal radiological signs of the central lung carcinoma were a tumour in the lung root and ventilation disorders of a lung part. Main endoscopic features of the central lung carcinoma were tumour impression, invasion, or peribronchial growth. Bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were characterized radiologically with infiltrates and endoscopically with great volume of liquid foamy secretion. The radiological features of peripheral carcinomas with the lung tissue destruction were nodular outline of a tumour, sometimes with spiculations, and irregular inner interface.Были обследованы 82 больных раком легкого (РЛ), поступивших в больницу им. С.П.Боткина с диагнозом пневмония. После проведения комплексного обследования, включающего в себя методы лучевой диагностики и бронхоскопию с биопсией, центральный РЛ диагностирован у 68 больных, бронхиоло-альвеолярный рак — у 8, распадающийся периферический РЛ — у 6 пациентов. Основными рентгенологическими признаками центрального РЛ являлось наличие опухоли в корне легкого и нарушение вентиляции участка легкого. Основным эндоскопическим признаком центрального РЛ была экзофитная, эндофитная или перибронхально растущая опухоль. Бронхиоло-альвеолярный рак рентгенологически характеризовался инфильтратами, а во время бронхоскопии определялось очень большое количество жидкого пенистого секрета. Отличительными особенностями рентгенологической картины распадающегося периферического РЛ были бугристость наружных контуров образования, местами лучистого характера, и неровность внутреннего контура полости

Observation of time-reversal symmetry breaking in the band structure of altermagnetic RuO2_2

Altermagnets are an emerging third elementary class of magnets. Unlike ferromagnets, their distinct crystal symmetries inhibit magnetization while, unlike antiferromagnets, they promote strong spin polarization in the band structure. The corresponding unconventional mechanism of timereversal symmetry breaking without magnetization in the electronic spectra has been regarded as a primary signature of altermagnetism, but has not been experimentally visualized to date. We directly observe strong time-reversal symmetry breaking in the band structure of altermagnetic RuO$_2$ by detecting magnetic circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectra. Our experimental results, supported by ab initio calculations, establish the microscopic electronic-structure basis for a family of novel phenomena and functionalities in fields ranging from topological matter to spintronics, that are based on the unconventional time-reversal symmetry breaking in altermagnets

Рентгеноэндоскопическое исследование в диагностике и лечении пневмонии у больных хроническим обструктивным бронхитом

Two hundred and twelve pneumonia patients aged 16 to 82 years underwent radiological and endoscopic examination. Peculiarities of lobar and segment infiltrates in the chronic obstructive bronchitis patients were volume reduction of the injured lung area and changes in the bronchial-and-vascular architectonics properly due to the bronchi lesion. Bronchoscopy was performed in all the patients to differentiate the pneumonia from carcinoma and lung tuberculosis and to reveal the need in a therapeutic sanitation. The method of intrabronchial lymphotropic therapy of pneumonia in chronic obstructive bronchitis patients was developed. It allowed to reduce the treatment period by 1-1.5 weeks.Обследовано 212 больных пневмонией в возрасте от 16 до 82 лет, которым было проведено рентгенологическое и эндоскопическое исследования. Особенностью долевых и сегментарных инфильтратов у больных хроническим обструктивным бронхитом является уменьшение объема пораженного участка легкого и изменение архитектоники бронхососудистого компонента за счет собственно поражений бронхов. Бронхоскопию выполняли всем больным для проведения дифференциального диагноза с раком и туберкулезом легких, а также для установления показаний к лечебным санациям. Разработан метод интрабронхиальной лимфотропной терапии пневмоний у больных хроническим обструктивным бронхитом, позволяющий сократить сроки лечения на 1-1,5 нед

Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e–e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons. The suppression of space-charge effects scales with the ratio of the photoelectron velocities of fast and slow electrons. Fields in the range from −20 to −1100 V/mm for Ekin = 100 eV to 4 keV direct secondaries and pump-induced slow electrons back to the sample surface. Ray tracing simulations reveal that this happens within the first 40 to 3 μm above the sample surface for Ekin = 100 eV to 4 keV. An optimized front-lens design allows switching between the conventional accelerating and the new retarding mode. Time-resolved experiments at Ekin = 107 eV using fs extreme ultraviolet probe pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH reveal that the width of the Fermi edge increases by just 30 meV at an incident pump fluence of 22 mJ/cm2 (retarding field −21 V/mm). For an accelerating field of +2 kV/mm and a pump fluence of only 5 mJ/cm2, it increases by 0.5 eV (pump wavelength 1030 nm). At the given conditions, the suppression mode permits increasing the slow-electron yield by three to four orders of magnitude. The feasibility of the method at high energies is demonstrated without a pump beam at Ekin = 3830 eV using hard x rays from the storage ring PETRA III. The approach opens up a previously inaccessible regime of pump fluences for photoemission experiments

Epizooty of Tularemia, Detected in the Population of the Common Vole in the Natural Focus of Steppe Type in the South-East of the Rostov Region in 2020

The aim of study was to conduct epizootiological monitoring of natural tularemia foci of the steppe type and investigate epizootic activity in the south-east of the Rostov Region.Materials and methods. An epizootiological survey was carried out on the territory of Remontnensky, Sal’sky and Peschanokopsky districts of the Rostov Region in 2019–2021. To capture and collect mammals, Ixodidae ticks and to study the samples of field material conventional methods were used.Results and discussion. Habitation of 16 species of small mammals, 6 species of Ixodidae ticks has been found. Molecular-genetic analysis of the voles has revealed the presence of the species Microtus arvalis obscurus in the studied area of the region. The circulation of the tularemia agent has been established in the population of common and social voles, forest mouse, hare, rook, Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma marginatum, removed from rooks. In May 2020, a high increase in the number of the social vole in the Remontnensky district (up to 21 %), in July 2020 – the common vole in the agrocenoses of the Sal’sky district (up to 33 %) was observed. An extensive epizooty of tularemia was detected in the population of common vole in the south-east of the Rostov Region and in adjacent territories in the Republic of Kalmykia and the Stavropol territory. Two cultures of the pathogen were isolated from the fallen and captured social voles, and four cultures – from the common vole. The isolated strains belong to the Holarctic subspecies of Francisella tularensis EryR. The results obtained attest to the activation of the natural tularemia focus in the south-east of the Rostov Region and its high epizootic activity

Интрабронхиальная лимфотропная терапия абсцедирующей пневмонии

This study demonstrates the treatment results of 96 abscess-forming pneumonic patients treated with a method developed by the authors. It involves sanitating fibreoptic bronchoscopy and intrabronchial lymphotropic infusion of 1 g of Claforan combined either with 100 meg of T-activin or 100 mg of lysozyme. According to the results obtained this method is thought not only to cure all the patients but also to facilitate a partial restoration of structure and function of both ciliary epithelium and mucociliary transport.В работе представлены результаты лечения 96 больных абсцедирующей пневмонией с помощью разработанного авторами метода, включающего санационные бронхоскопии и интрабронхиальное лимфотропное введение 1 г клафорана в сочетании со 100 мкг Т-активина или 100 мг лизоцима. Результаты лечения показали, что данный метод позволил не только добиться излечения всех больных, но и способствовал частичному восстановлению строения и функции мерцательного эпителия и мукоцилиарного транспорта

Deep structure of the Obolon astrobleme according to the results of spatial integral seismic-gravity modeling

Spatial seismic-gravity modeling of the deep geological structure within the Obolon depression has been done. Modeling results confirm the validity of assumption that depression has been formed as an impact structure. Features of the rock density distribution within the crystalline basement allowed to specify its tectonic structure and mineral composition and also to determine a probable location of the two parts of meteoritic object