Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Challenges in ARDS Definition, Management, and Identification of Effective Personalized Therapies

Over the last decade, the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has made considerable progress both regarding supportive and pharmacologic therapies. Lung protective mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of ARDS management. Current recommendations on mechanical ventilation in ARDS include the use of low tidal volume (VT) 4–6 mL/kg of predicted body weight, plateau pressure (PPLAT) 2O, and driving pressure (∆P) 2O. Moreover, positive end-expiratory pressure should be individualized. Recently, variables such as mechanical power and transpulmonary pressure seem promising for limiting ventilator-induced lung injury and optimizing ventilator settings. Rescue therapies such as recruitment maneuvers, vasodilators, prone positioning, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal have been considered for patients with severe ARDS. Regarding pharmacotherapies, despite more than 50 years of research, no effective treatment has yet been found. However, the identification of ARDS sub-phenotypes has revealed that some pharmacologic therapies that have failed to provide benefits when considering all patients with ARDS can show beneficial effects when these patients were stratified into specific sub-populations; for example, those with hyperinflammation/hypoinflammation. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview on current advances in the management of ARDS from mechanical ventilation to pharmacological treatments, including personalized therapy

Awake prone positioning for non-intubated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Introduction: Awake prone positioning (APP) has been widely applied in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, the results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of APP and to identify the subpopulations that may benefit the most from it. Methods: We searched five electronic databases from inception to August 2022 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022342426). We included only RCTs comparing APP with supine positioning or standard of care with no prone positioning. Our primary outcomes were the risk of intubation and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included the need for escalating respiratory support, length of ICU and hospital stay, ventilation-free days, and adverse events. Results: We included 11 RCTs and showed that APP reduced the risk of requiring intubation in the overall population (RR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95; moderate certainty). Following the subgroup analyses, a greater benefit was observed in two patient cohorts: those receiving a higher level of respiratory support (compared with those receiving conventional oxygen therapy) and those in intensive care unit (ICU) settings (compared to patients in non-ICU settings). APP did not decrease the risk of mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.77–1.11; moderate certainty) and did not increase the risk of adverse events. Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, APP likely reduced the risk of requiring intubation, but failed to demonstrate a reduction in overall mortality risk. The benefits of APP are most noticeable in those requiring a higher level of respiratory support in an ICU environment

Geomechanical substantiation of reuse feasibility of development workings for coal mines

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.15.09 – «Геотехнічна і гірнича механіка». Державний вищий навчальний заклад «Національний гірничий університет», Дніпропетровськ, 2016.В дисертації обґрунтувані такі параметри комбінованої системи кріплення і охоронної конструкції на сполученні «штрек–лава», при яких можлива економічно доцільна повторна експлуатація підготовчих виробок в гірничо–геологічних умовах шахт ДП «Селідіввугілля». В результаті натурних вимірювань встановлено, що величина залишкового перерізу може виступати критерієм, що характеризує доцільність для повторного використання конвеєрного штреку на суміжній лаві. Такою величиною є залишкова площа в світлі, що дорівнює 8,5 м2. На основі обґрунтованого критерію вирішена чисельна задача про вплив різних систем охорони на НДС геомеханічної системи «кріплення – охоронна конструкція – масив». Встановлено, що при використанні охоронної конструкції у вигляді накатного костра зі шпального бруса в сукупності з дворівневою системою рамно–анкерного кріплення за лавою забезпечується збереження перерізу підготовчої виробки, що призначена для повторного використання. Досліджено вплив куту нахилу пласта на параметри прийнятої геомеханічної системи. Розробки були успішно реалізовані в промисловості з економічним ефектом 2 422 грн./м виробки.Цель работы состоит в геомеханическом обосновании таких параметров комбинированной системы крепи и охранной конструкции на сопряжении «штрек – лава», при которых возможна экономически целесообразная повторная эксплуатация подготовительных выработок в горно - геологических условиях шахт ГП «Селидовуголь». В качестве основного объекта исследований выбрана шахта «1/3 Новогродовская» ГП «Селидовуголь», где были выполнены комплексные исследования, заключавшиеся в визуальном обследовании ряда горных выработок, организации инструментальных наблюдений на замерных станциях, решении аналитических задач, а также проведении экспертной оценки состояния выемочных штреков и анализе архивных данных. В результате выполнения комплекса натурных измерений определены основные виды проявлений горного давления и ремонтных работ в подготовительных выработках, построены зависимости развития геомеханических процессов в их окрестности во времени и установлено, что величина остаточного сечения может выступать тем критерием, который характеризует целесообразность для повторного использования конвейерного штрека на смежной лаве. Критериальной величиной экономической рациональности повторного использования штрека является остаточная площадь в свету, равная 8,5 м2. На основе обоснованного критерия решена численная задача о влияние различных систем охраны на НДС геомеханической системы «крепь – охранная конструкция – массив». Установлено, что при использовании охранных конструкции в виде накатного костра из шпального бруса, выбраной по комплексу критериев «геомеханическая эффективность», «стоимость», «технологичность», в совокупности с двухуровневой системой рамно - анкерной крепи на основе сталеполимерных и канатных анкеров, за лавой обеспечивается сохранение сечения подготовительной выработки, применяемой для повторного использования. Такая система «крепь – охранная конструкция» принята как базовая. В горно–геологических условиях шахт Красноармейского промышленного района величина остаточного сечения конвейерного штрека, принятая в качестве критерия повторного использования подготовительных выработок, уменьшается при увеличении угла падения угольных пластов по линейному закону, что позволяет на этой основе корректировать базовый вариант системы крепи и охранной конструкции. Результаты внедрены в виде Рекомендации по геомеханическому обоснованию параметров рамно - анкерной крепи подготовительных выработок угольных шахт при отработке выемочного участка 18 южной лавы пл. l1 шахты «1/3 Новогродовская» и «Методики численного моделирования рамно –анкерной крепи подготовительных и капитальных выработок угольных шахт ГП «Селидовуголь», а также использованы в учебном процессе ГВУЗ «НГУ» при подготовке студентов ступеней «бакалавр» и «магистр» и образовательно–квалификационного уровня «специалист». Выполненная оценка экономической эффективности предложенных тех-нических решений, обеспечивающих повторное использование штрека показала, что ожидаемый экономический эффект, составляет 2422 грн./м выработки.The research purpose is geomechanical substantiation of such parameters of combined system of lining and support on the roadhead of roadway and longwall through which is possible and economically feasible to ensure the reuse of development workings under the mining and geological conditions of "Selidovugol" mines. As a result of the in–situ measurements revealed that the value of the remaining area can be a criteria that characterizes the feasibility for belt road reusing to adjacent longwall. Such value is the remaining area in the light that equal to 8.5 m2. On the basis of justified criteria the influence of various support systems on stress–deformed state of the geomechanical system "lining – support – array" was solved. It is established that a residual inside half–timbers of roadway can act the criteria that characterize suitable for reuse in development workings adjacent to the longwall. Economic rationality criteria for reuse roadway is a residual inside half–timbers, equal to 8.5 m2. It was found that by using a support system in the form of sawed stick crib, with the two – tier system of frame – bolt lining the criteria for development workings reuse was performed over the longwall. The influence of the angle of the bed at the geomechanical system parameters was adopted. The developments were successfully implemented and approbated. Economic effect is 2422 UAH on 1m

Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(Bc+ → J/ψτ+ντ)\mathcal{B}(B_c^+\,\to\,J/\psi\tau^+\nu_\tau)/B(Bc+ → J/ψμ+νμ)\mathcal{B}(B_c^+\,\to\,J/\psi\mu^+\nu_\mu)

International audienceA measurement is reported of the ratio of branching fractions R(J/ψ)=B(Bc+→J/ψτ+ντ)/B(Bc+→J/ψμ+νμ), where the τ+ lepton is identified in the decay mode τ+→μ+νμν¯τ. This analysis uses a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0  fb-1 of integrated luminosity recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. A signal is found for the decay Bc+→J/ψτ+ντ at a significance of 3 standard deviations corrected for systematic uncertainty, and the ratio of the branching fractions is measured to be R(J/ψ)=0.71±0.17(stat)±0.18(syst). This result lies within 2 standard deviations above the range of central values currently predicted by the standard model

Measurements of the branching fractions of Λc+→pπ−π+\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p \pi^{-} \pi^{+}, Λc+→pK−K+\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} K^{+}, and Λc+→pπ−K+\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p \pi^{-} K^{+}

International audienceThe ratios of the branching fractions of the decays Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pπ$^{−}$π$^{+}$, Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pK$^{−}$K$^{+}$, and Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pπ$^{−}$K$^{+}$ with respect to the Cabibbo-favoured Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pK$^{−}$π$^{+}$ decay are measured using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb$^{−1}$: \begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)}{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)}=\left(7.44\pm 0.08\pm 0.18\right)\%,\hfill \\ {}\frac{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{K}^{+}\right)}{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)}=\left(1.70\pm 0.03\pm 0.03\right)\%\hfill \\ {}\frac{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{\pi}^{-}{K}^{+}\right)}{\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)}=\left(0.165\pm 0.015\pm 0.005\right)\%,\hfill \end{array} where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These results are the most precise measurements of these quantities to date. When multiplied by the world-average value for $\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)$ , the corresponding branching fractions are \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)=\left(4.72\pm 0.05\pm 0.11\pm 0.25\right)\times {10}^{-3},\hfill \\ {}\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{K}^{+}\right)=\left(1.08\pm 0.02\pm 0.02\pm 0.06\right)\times {10}^{-3},\hfill \\ {}\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{\pi}^{-}{K}^{+}\right)=\left(1.04\pm 0.09\pm 0.03\pm 0.05\right)\times {10}^{-4},\hfill \end{array} where the final uncertainty is due to $\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\varLambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)$

Measurement of the inelastic pppp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η < 5 is determined to be σ$_{acc}$ = 62.2 ± 0.2 ± 2.5 mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section σ$_{inel}$ = 75.4 ± 3.0 ± 4.5 mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is also reported

Measurement of C ⁣PC\!P asymmetries in two-body B(s)0B_{(s)}^{0}-meson decays to charged pions and kaons

International audienceThe time-dependent CP asymmetries in B0→π+π- and Bs0→K+K- decays are measured using a data sample of p p collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0  fb-1, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The same data sample is used to measure the time-integrated CP asymmetries in B0→K+π- and Bs0→π+K- decays. The results are Cπ+π-=-0.34±0.06±0.01, Sπ+π-=-0.63±0.05±0.01, CK+K-=0.20±0.06±0.02, SK+K-=0.18±0.06±0.02, AK+K-ΔΓ=-0.79±0.07±0.10, ACPB0=-0.084±0.004±0.003, and ACPBs0=0.213±0.015±0.007, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Evidence for CP violation is found in the Bs0→K+K- decay for the first time