Solution Of Pakistan’s Problems In Light Of Islamic Rules

The progress and solidarity of any country depends upon its ideas, its social, economic and defending conditions. If a country is existed on its basic ideology and national perspective then it is safe from internal and external disunity. Running on the pavement of development, there justice is in abundance. There is bond of love and reliability between public and government and there are complete arrangements of material and spiritual needs of its civilians, then government erected upon solid and strong basis. There is no danger for its safety and solidarity and it is running on the pavement of progress and meeting with national cause. Pakistan is now facing a lot of basic problems at one time, in which social, economic and political problems are included. Along with terrorism, extremism, corruption, bribery, black marketing, lack of justice and basic human rights, growth of crimes, null or void politics, sectarianism, favoritism, nepotism, passive or illegal leadership, lack of correction and accountability  of rulers and administrative machinery illegal use of authority and freedom of opinion are also  included. It is memorable that to estimate the extremity of facing problems to Pakistan approaches of security good governance and economy are applied. But continuous external pressures, weak internal political process, factors affecting norms are ignored that's why unsuitable and wrong results are appeared. A lot of problems not only create due to lack of resources but mostly there main cause is bad governance .Many hardships do not appear nearly due to none practical institutions but constitutional articles are not acted upon because these articles are sources of automatic correction doing mechanisms. These are such problems which are necessary to analyses form every aspect and I shall do my best to analyses according to my abilities

The interactive impact of straw mulch and biochar application positively enhanced the growth indexes of maize (Zea mays L.) crop

A two-year experiment was carried out at Shenyang Agricultural University’s research field area in China to evaluate the impact of the combined application of straw mulch (0 and 8 t ha−1) and biochar (0, 4, 12, and 36 t ha−1) on the morphological traits and grain development of rainfed maize during 2018 and 2019. The results showed that straw mulch and different biochar application rates significantly impacted the maize growth index. Compared to non-biochar-treated soils, the introduction of straw mulch improved plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), leaves, stem, root, and crop growth rate (CGR), and dry weight of rainfed maize crop. The highest plant height, stem diameter, LAI, leaves, stem, root growth rate, CGR, and dry weight of rainfed maize crop were reported when soil was treated with a higher rate of biochar (36 t ha−1). Biochar increased grain filling rate while decreasing grain filling duration in rainfed maize crops. Our results indicate that straw mulch and biochar-based soil management strategies can improve the rainfed maize growth with the environmental benefits of global warming mitigation. However, due to the wide range of biochar properties, the interactions between straw mulch and biochar should be given special consideration in the maize cropping system

In silico Prediction and Validations of Domains Involved in Gossypium hirsutum SnRK1 Protein Interaction With Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite Encoded βC1

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by viruses of genus Begomovirus is a major constraint to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in many cotton-growing regions of the world. Symptoms of the disease are caused by Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) that encodes a pathogenicity determinant protein, βC1. Here, we report the identification of interacting regions in βC1 protein by using computational approaches including sequence recognition, and binding site and interface prediction methods. We show the domain-level interactions based on the structural analysis of G. hirsutum SnRK1 protein and its domains with CLCuMB-βC1. To verify and validate the in silico predictions, three different experimental approaches, yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull down assay were used. Our results showed that ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) and autoinhibitory sequence (AIS) domains of G. hirsutum-encoded SnRK1 are involved in CLCuMB-βC1 interaction. This is the first comprehensive investigation that combined in silico interaction prediction followed by experimental validation of interaction between CLCuMB-βC1 and a host protein. We demonstrated that data from computational biology could provide binding site information between CLCuD-associated viruses/satellites and new hosts that lack known binding site information for protein–protein interaction studies. Implications of these findings are discussed

Hepatotoxicity induced by horse ATG and reversed by rabbit ATG: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of antilymphocyte agents has improved patient and graft survival in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation but has been associated with the development of short-term toxicities as well as long-term complications.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a young female with Fanconi anemia who received antithymocyte globulin as part of the conditioning regimen prior to her planned allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh. She developed sudden and severe hepatotoxicity after receiving the first dose of horse antithymocyte globulin, manifested by marked elevation of serum transaminases and mild elevation of serum bilirubin level. Immediately after withdrawal of the offending agent and shifting to the rabbit form of antithymocyte globulin, the gross liver dysfunction started to subside and the hepatic profile results returned to the pre-transplant levels few weeks later. The patient had her allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant as planned without any further hepatic complications. After having a successful allograft, she was discharged from the stem cell transplant unit. During her follow up at the outpatient clinic, the patient remained very well and no major complication was encountered.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hepatotoxicity related to the utilization of antithymocyte globulin varies considerably in severity and may be transient or long standing. There may be individual or population based susceptibilities to the development of side effects and these adverse reactions may also vary with the choice of the agent used. Encountering adverse effects with one type of antithymocyte agents should not discourage clinicians from shifting to another type in situations where continuation of the drug is vital.</p

Feasibility Analysis of STARGATE Network with Integration of Ethernet based PON to Metro Network

The performance of a STARGATE network, which provides all-optical integration of Ethernet based WDM PONs with metropolitan area networks, has been extensively studied in this research. This network provides transparent connections at wavelength and sub-wavelength granularity. The network efficiency has been improved by using single hop star network and spatially reusing wavelengths by exploiting multiple free spectral ranges (FSRs) of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The simulation has been performed in OptsimTM and results have been shown as eye diagrams and BER plots obtained at the receiver end

Single Stage Active Power Factor Correction Circuit for Street LED Light with Battery Backup

This paper introduces and uses a single-phase, high-power LED driver with a battery backup. The buck&ndash;boost converter and reverse converter are both combined to achieve optimal performance. In the first part of the integrated circuit, the buck&ndash;boost converter is simply used to adjust the power when operating in the non-continuous operating mode. The reverse converter provides free voltage to the LEDs when released as a remote DC&ndash;DC converter. The battery backup cycle directly charges the battery at the same power as the LED driver required and provides charging power when there is no electricity. This paper demonstrates the functionality of the entire system and proves that it is an effective solution for new lighting applications

Effect of providing free sputum microscopy service to private practitioners on case notification to National Tuberculosis Control Program

Background: This study was undertaken to see whether providing free sputum microscopy services to private practitioners helps in case notification to the national tuberculosis control program. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of these practitioners regarding tuberculosis were also evaluated. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to all the private practitioners practicing in a densely populated area of Karachi. They were asked to fill tuberculosis notification cards for the first three months and then for another three months when an incentive in the form of free sputum microscopy was provided to the practitioners. Results: Although the majority of the practitioners knew that cough, fever and weight loss are the main symptoms of tuberculosis, less than half knew that blood in sputum, poor appetite and chest pain could also be associated with tuberculosis. Only 66% of the practitioners indicated sputum microscopy as the preferred diagnostic method for tuberculosis. Only 50% of the practitioners self treated the patients, while the remaining half referred their patients to specialists. Around 80% of the practitioners were aware of the four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Less than half of the practitioners considered sputum microscopy as the most useful follow-up investigation in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. Generally, there was a poor response in case notification by private practitioners on provision of free sputum microscopy. CONCLUSION: An overwhelming majority of the practitioners had poor knowledge concerning the correct treatment practices in Tuberculosis. Providing sputum free microscopy does not significantly help in improving tuberculosis case notification. Strategies for public-private collaboration in tuberculosis control are needed