The New Islamists: pluralism and minorities?

In his analysis of Islamist governance on pluralism and minorities Fawaz A. Gerges concludes this special series of posts commissioned by LSE IDEAS exploring Islamism and the Arab Spring. The series also includes articles on the history of political Islam, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya

Middle east centre: annual report 2010-2011

The LSE Middle East Centre opened in October 2010. It builds on LSE’s long engagement with the Middle East and provides a central hub for the wide range of research on the region carried out at LSE. The Middle East Centre works to develop research and teaching on the societies, economies, polities and international relations of the region. LSE is one of the world’s leading social science institutions and comprises departments covering all branches of the social sciences. The Middle East Centre taps into that expertise to promote innovative interdisciplinary research and training on the region. The Centre places special emphasis on active collaboration with colleagues in the Middle East, with international scholars, policy-makers and civil society, and on speaking to a global audience about the region’s strengths and challenges. The Middle East Centre was established with support from the Emirates Foundation for Philanthropy and the Aman Trust

Effect of construction joints on the splitting tensile strength of concrete

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to experimentally correlate the compressive strength (f′c) of concrete to the splitting tensile strength (T) for plain concrete in the existence of a construction joint, and formulate an empirical equation relating T to f′c. Both the American Concrete Institute code (ACI 318-08 (ACI Committee 318, 2008)) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM (ASTM Standard C496, 2002; ASTM Standard C192/C192M, 2002; ASTM Standard C39/C39M, 2005; ASTM Standard C617, 2002)) provide the testing methods and standards, as well as the applicable theoretical and experimental formulas for the correlation between T to f′c for concrete specimens, which are monolithic, indicating that the specimens lack any construction joints. Providing a useful reduction factor in the splitting tensile strength of concrete due the existence of a construction joint is essential. It is a well known fact that construction joints are used in every concrete structure, which indicates that engineers would definitely benefit from an equation that could relate the splitting tensile strength of concrete in function of its compressive strength.The results suggest that the reduction in the splitting tensile strength in the presence of a construction joint is not as much as most engineers tend to believe. Due to that belief, most engineers tend to overdesign for steel reinforcement at those joints to compensate for this reduction. The objective of the study is to better the understanding of the effects of a construction joint on the splitting tensile strength. Thus provide an empirical equation to assist engineers in their design calculations, therefore reducing the amount of steel reinforcement at the construction joints. Thus also leading to cost saving on projects

Revisiting Egyptian Foreign Policy towards Israel under Mubarak: From Cold Peace to Strategic Peace

This article is the first academic study of Egyptian foreign policy towards Israel under Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011). It challenges a deeply entrenched conventional wisdom that Egypt pursued a cold-peace foreign policy towards Israel throughout this period. We demonstrate that Egyptian foreign policy towards Israel was dynamic – comprising cold peace (1981–91), a hybrid foreign policy of cold peace and strategic peace (1991–2003), and a pure strategic peace posture (2003–11). We also use the case of Egyptian foreign policy towards Israel as a heuristic to develop a conception of a new type of peace, strategic peace, as an intermediary analytical category between cold and stable peace

The triumph of tribal vengeance: the hanging of Saddam was a dangerous mistake

In a statement issued after the execution of Saddam Hussein, President Bush said that bringing Saddam to justice "is an important milestone" of Iraq's evolution into a democracy and ally in the war on terror. As attacks in Iraq increase and the US military death toll continues past 3,000, however, one must wonder if Bush is seeking to distract us from the truth that Saddam's execution is extremely dangerous and more of a setback to national unity than anything else