Pneumocéfalo Espontâneo Hipertensivo

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dor lombar em crianças: estudo de prevalência

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjectivo: Identificar a prevalência da dor lombar em crianças com idades compreendidas entre os dez e doze anos de idade. Métodos: Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico (Sjolie, 2003), traduzido e validado para a população portuguesa (Festas, 2010). Foram recolhidos 80 questionários, devidamente preenchidos de carácter anónimo e com as características antropométricas de alunos do 5º e 6º ano do Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, com idades entre os 10 e 12 anos. Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 48,8% estudantes do sexo feminino e 51,2% do sexo masculino. O nosso estudo encontrou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar em crianças num total de 46,3%. Sendo essa prevalência superior no sexo masculino (51,2%), comparativamente ao sexo feminino (41,0%). A prevalência anual foi inferior de 33,8%, Relativamente ao transporte da mochila podemos verificar no nosso estudo que a maioria dos participantes transportavam a mochila bilateralmente (93,8%) No que diz respeito às actividades/posições que influenciam a dor encontramos diferenças significativas entre os géneros, nos trabalhos manuais, aulas de educação física e actividades físicas de lazer. Conclusão: Segundo o nosso estudo, a prevalência de dor lombar é elevada, sendo por isso importante a prevenção nesta área, nas escolas, através de acções informativas com a ajuda de profissionais de saúde sobre os factores que influenciam a dor.Objective: To identify the prevalence of lumbar pain in children with ages understood between the ten and twelve years of age. Methods: The Nordic (Sjolie, 2003), translated and validated Questionnaire was used for the Portuguese population (Festas, 2010). 80 questionnaires, properly filled out of anonymous character were collected and with the anthropometric characteristics of pupils of 5º and 6º year of the Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, with ages between the 10 and 12 years. Results: 48.8% Students of the feminine sex and 51.2% of the masculine sex had participated in this study. Our study found an elevated prevalence of lumbar pain in children in a total of 46, 3 %. Being this superior predominance in the masculine sex (51, 2 %), comparatively to the feminine sex (41, 0 %).The annual prevalence was inferior to 33, 8 %. Relatively to the transport of the backpack we can check in our study that most of the participants were transporting the backpack bilaterally (93, 8 %) What concerns the activities / positions that influence the pain we found significant differences between the genders, in the manual works, physical education classes and physical activities of leisure. Conclusion: According to our study, the prevalence of lumbar pain is raised, being therefore important the prevention in this area, in schools, through informative actions with the aid of professionals of health on the factors that influence pain

Extended-release niacin increases anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibodies that block the antioxidant effect of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol: the EXPLORE clinical trial.

Extended-release niacin (ERN) is the most effective agent for increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Having previously identified anti-HDL antibodies, we investigated whether ERN affected the antioxidant capacity of HDL and whether ERN was associated with the production of antibodies against HDL (aHDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (aApoA-I). METHODS: Twenty-one patients older than 18 years, with HDL-C ≤40 mg dl-1 (men) or ≤50 mg dl-1 (women) were randomly assigned to receive daily ERN (n = 10) or placebo (n = 11) for two sequential 12-week periods, with 4 weeks of wash-out before cross-over. Primary outcome was change of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and secondary outcomes were changes in aHDL and aApoA-I antibodies. Clinical Trial Unique Identifier: EudraCT 2006-006889-42. RESULTS: The effect of ERN on PON1 activity was nonsignificant (coefficient estimate 20.83 U l-1 , 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.88 to 51.53; P = 0.184). ERN was associated with an increase in HDL-C levels (coefficient estimate 5.21 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 1.16 to 9.25; P = 0.012) and its subclasses HDL2 (coefficient estimate 2.46 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 0.57 to 4.34; P = 0.011) and HDL3 (coefficient estimate 2.73 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 0.47 to 4.98; P = 0.018). ERN was significantly associated with the production of aApoA-I antibodies (coefficient estimate 0.25 μg ml-1 , 95% CI 0.09-0.40; P = 0.001). aApoA-I titres at baseline were correlated with decreased PON activity. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in HDL-C achieved with ERN was not matched by improved antioxidant capacity, eventually hampered by the emergence of aApoA-I antibodies. These results may explain why Niacin and other lipid lowering agents fail to reduce cardiovascular risk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites as biotechnological ingredients in natural anti-aging cosmetics: potential to overcome hyperpigmentation, loss of skin density and UV radiation-deleterious effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stress-Related Mucosal Disease: Incidence of Bleeding and the Role of Omeprazole in its Prophylaxis

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the severe complication of stress-related mucosal disease in hospitalized patients. In intensive care units (ICU), risk factors are well defined and only mechanical ventilation and coagulopathy proved to be relevant for significant bleeding. On the contrary, in non-ICU settings there is no consensus about this issue. Nevertheless, omeprazole is still widely used in prophylaxis of bleeding. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relevance of stress-related mucosal disease bleeding in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward, and the role of omeprazole in its prophylaxis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in which we analysed consecutive patients who were admitted to our ward over a year. We recorded demographic characteristics of the patients, potential risk factors for stress-related mucosal disease (clinical data, laboratory, and medication), administration of prophylactic omeprazole, and total cost of this prophylaxis. Patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding on the admission were excluded. We recorded every upper gastrointestinal bleeding event with clinical relevance. RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-five patients, mean age 70 years, mean length of stay 9.6+/-7.7 days; 140 (26.2%) patients were treated with 40 mg of omeprazole intravenously, 193 (36.1%) with 20mg of omeprazole orally, and 202 (37.8%) patients had no prophylaxis. There was only one episode (0.2%) of clinically relevant bleeding. CONCLUSION: In patients admitted to an internal medicine ward, incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of stress-related mucosal disease is low. We found that there is no advantage in prophylaxis with omeprazole

Dor lombar em crianças: estudo de prevalência

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjectivo: Identificar a prevalência da dor lombar em crianças com idades compreendidas entre os dez e doze anos de idade. Métodos: Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico (Sjolie, 2003), traduzido e validado para a população portuguesa (Festas, 2010). Foram recolhidos 80 questionários, devidamente preenchidos de carácter anónimo e com as características antropométricas de alunos do 5º e 6º ano do Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, com idades entre os 10 e 12 anos. Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 48,8% estudantes do sexo feminino e 51,2% do sexo masculino. O nosso estudo encontrou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar em crianças num total de 46,3%. Sendo essa prevalência superior no sexo masculino (51,2%), comparativamente ao sexo feminino (41,0%). A prevalência anual foi inferior de 33,8%, Relativamente ao transporte da mochila podemos verificar no nosso estudo que a maioria dos participantes transportavam a mochila bilateralmente (93,8%) No que diz respeito às actividades/posições que influenciam a dor encontramos diferenças significativas entre os géneros, nos trabalhos manuais, aulas de educação física e actividades físicas de lazer. Conclusão: Segundo o nosso estudo, a prevalência de dor lombar é elevada, sendo por isso importante a prevenção nesta área, nas escolas, através de acções informativas com a ajuda de profissionais de saúde sobre os factores que influenciam a dor.Objective: To identify the prevalence of lumbar pain in children with ages understood between the ten and twelve years of age. Methods: The Nordic (Sjolie, 2003), translated and validated Questionnaire was used for the Portuguese population (Festas, 2010). 80 questionnaires, properly filled out of anonymous character were collected and with the anthropometric characteristics of pupils of 5º and 6º year of the Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, with ages between the 10 and 12 years. Results: 48.8% Students of the feminine sex and 51.2% of the masculine sex had participated in this study. Our study found an elevated prevalence of lumbar pain in children in a total of 46, 3 %. Being this superior predominance in the masculine sex (51, 2 %), comparatively to the feminine sex (41, 0 %).The annual prevalence was inferior to 33, 8 %. Relatively to the transport of the backpack we can check in our study that most of the participants were transporting the backpack bilaterally (93, 8 %) What concerns the activities / positions that influence the pain we found significant differences between the genders, in the manual works, physical education classes and physical activities of leisure. Conclusion: According to our study, the prevalence of lumbar pain is raised, being therefore important the prevention in this area, in schools, through informative actions with the aid of professionals of health on the factors that influence pain

Estilos de vida dos estudantes do 4º ano da licenciatura em enfermagem em ensino clínico

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em EnfermagemO estilo de vida na juventude desempenha um papel significativo na prevenção de doenças e na promoção da saúde durante todo o ciclo de vida de um indivíduo. A transição para o ensino superior, trás consigo certos desafios, que podem obrigar a alterações nas rotinas, nas relações interpessoais e na forma como o individuo se auto perceciona e como perceciona o mundo. Estas transições obrigam o estudante a se apoiar em certos recursos, tais como o suporte social, de modo a desenvolver respostas adaptativas. Quando isto não acontece, pode refletir-se negativamente ao nível da sua saúde. Os EV são um conjunto de hábitos e atitudes que se vão adquirindo ao longo da vida, sendo estes de grande importância para a promoção da saúde na adolescência, refletindo-se assim na idade adulta. Como objetivo de investigação propusemos conhecer os Estilos de Vida dos Estudantes do 4º ano da Licenciatura em Enfermagem, em Ensino Clínico, de uma Escola Superior de Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 30 estudantes do 4º ano da Licenciatura em Enfermagem. Para realizar a colheita de dados, foi utilizado o Questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico”, adaptado e validado para a população portuguesa por Amado, Brito e Silva (2014). Após a recolha de dados, procedeu-se ao tratamento estatístico dos dados recorrendo ao SPSS versão 23.0 para Windows. Os resultados demonstram que os estudantes com melhor estilo de vida são os mais novos, pertencentes ao sexo feminino e solteiros. Na maioria do questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico” obtivemos resultados iguais ou superiores a 85.00 pontos para mais de metade dos estudantes (66,7%), podendo classificar o estilo de vida do estudante desta instituição como “Muito Bom” ou “Excelente”. Podemos concluir que ao nível dos domínios Família e Amigos, Introspeção, e Outros Comportamentos, os estudantes apresentam melhor pontuação, sendo que os domínios da Atividade Física/Associatividade, Nutrição, Tabaco e Álcool e Outras Drogas refletiram resultados um tanto alarmantes onde é necessária intervenção para promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.Youth lifestyle plays a role in preventing disease and promoting health throughout an individual's life. The transition to higher education brings with it certain challenges, which can force changes in routines, interpersonal relationships and in the way individuals perceive themselves and how they perceive the world. These transitions force the student to rely on certain resources, such as social support, in order to develop adaptive responses. When this does not happen, it can reflect negatively on the students health. Healthy lifestyles are a set of habits and attitudes that are acquired throughout life, which are very important for the promotion of health in adolescence, thus being reflected in adulthood. As an objective of this investigation, it is proposed to study the Lifestyles of year 4 Students of a Bachelor in Nursing, during Clinical Teaching, at a Higher School of Health. This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, found by 30 students in the year 4 of a Bachelor of Nursing. To carry out data collection, the “Fantastic Lifestyle” Questionnaire was used, adapted and validated for the Portuguese population by Amado, Brito and Silva (2014). After collecting the data, the statistical treatment carried out using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. The results show that the students with the best lifestyle are the youngest, female and single. In most of the “Fantastic Lifestyle” questionnaire, we obtained results equal to or greater than 85.00 points for more than half of the students (66.7%), being able to classify the student's lifestyle of this institution as “Very Good” or “Excellent”. In conclusion, the research has identified that in the category of Family and Friends, Introspection, and Other Behaviors, students have better scores, and the category of Physical Activity/Associativity, Nutrition, Tobacco and Alcohol and Other Drugs reflected somewhat alarming results where intervention is needed for promoting healthier lifestyles.N/