SIGNIFICANT DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS

Objective:Drug interaction is one factor that contributes to drug-related problems. The hospitalized patients in intensive care units (ICU) have a higher risk for developing drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potency of significantdrug interactions in ICU patients.Methods:Drug-drug interactions from patient's medical records from ICU of Arifin Achmad General Hospital in Pekanbaru, Province of Riau, Indonesia at period July to December 2015 wereassessed. Drug Interaction Checker (Medscape) software was used to identify potential drug interactions.Results: This study included 28 ICU patients (mean age, 48 years) who had potency to drug interactions based on the software. Of these, 29% were male and 71% were female patients. The number of drugs that were given to patients was 3 to 13 drugs (average 7 drugs per patient). There were 122 potential drug-drug interactions found in this study, consisting of 43% potency of minor or non-significant, 52% potency of significant, 3% potency of serious, and 2% potency of contraindicated drug interactions. A total of 67% were pharmacodynamics and 33% were pharmacokinetics interactions. Dexamethasone, ketoprofen, ketorolac, furosemide, nifedipine, and enoxaparin were among drugs with highest frequency of potential drug interactions. Conclusion:Significant drug-drug interactions were prevalent in the ICU patients. This may be due to the complexity of the pharmacotherapies administered. The health professionals who provide care to these patients must be aware in order to identify and prevent possible drug events. Â

Aspek Farmakologi Retinoid pada Kosmeseutikal

Retinoid merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang paling luas penggunaannya di bidang dermatologi, yaitu sebagai anti-akne, anti-aging dan depigmenting agent. Penggunaan retinoid dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit yang dapat diminimalkan dengan cara pemakaian konsentrasi dan frekuensi yang dinaikkan bertahap. Selain itu, retinoid memiliki potensi teratogenik sehingga harus dihindari penggunaannya pada wanita hamil dan usia produktif

Sikap siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam hubungannya dengan motivasi memakai Jilbab : Penelitian terhadap siswa perempuan SMP Negeri 4 Talaga

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya motivasi siswa dalam memakai jilbab di SMPM 4 Talaga. adapun yang menjadi faktor penyebab belum optimalnya siswa dalam pemakaian jilbab terbagi menjadi dua yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Seperti maraknya perkembangan tren fashion terbaru yang membuat penasaran, yang pada akhirnya mereka hanya ingin mengikuti tren bukan karena ingin mengikuti syariat Islam. Maka dari itu penulis ingin lebih spesifik meneliti tentang Sikap Siswa Perempuan Terhadap Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Hubungannya Dengan Motivasi Memakai Jilbab. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Mengetahui sikap siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 4 Talaga, (2) Mengetahui motivasi memakai jilbab di SMP Negeri 4 Talaga, (3) Mengetahui sikap siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam hubungannya dengan motivasi memakai jilbab di SMP Negeri 4 Talaga. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasional. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel dengan cara membandingkan hasil pengukuran kedua variabel tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengujian statistic menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Sikap siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam menghasilkan rata-rata sebesar 4,05, yang berada pada interval 3,40 – 4,19 dan termasuk ke dalam kategori baik. 2) Motivasi memakai jilbab menghasilkan rata-rata sebesar 4,27, yang berada pada interval 4,20 – 5,00 dan termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat tinggi. 3) hubungan antara sikap siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam (variabel x) dengan motivasi memakai jilbab (variabel y) memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,000 > 0,05. Kemudian diperoleh hasil korelasi pada kategori sedang dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,494 yang termasuk pada interval 0,41 – 0,60. Hipotesisnya diterima, semakin positif siswa perempuan terhadap pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam maka akan semakin tinggi pula motivasi memakai jilbabnya. Hal ini berdasar pada pengujian hipotesis yaitu t hitung > t tabel (3,937 > 1,677). Dan derajat pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y yaitu sebesar 24,4%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat 75,6% yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini

Pola Resistensi Acinetobacter Baumannii Yang Diisolasi Di Intensive Care Unit (Icu) RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau Periode 1 Januari Hingga 31 Desember 2014

Bacterial resistance toward antibiotics occurs when antibiotics have lost their ability to effectively control or kill the growth of the bacteria. Bacterial resistance is a worldwide problem in both developing and developed countries. The purpose of this research is to know A. baumannii pattern and their antibiotics resistance isolated in an Intensive Care Unit of Arifin Achmad General Hospital in Riau Province period 1 January until 31 December 2014. This research used descriptive and retrospective design with the total number of isolates as much as 59 isolates. This study was carried out at Microbiology of the clinical Patologi Laboratory Arifin Achmad General Hospital in Riau Province using a Vitek Compact 2. The most commonly isolated bacteria of sputum culture were A. baumannii 34,7% meanwhile in blood culture A. baumannii was found as much as 1,7%. Resistance pattern showed that A. baumannii bacteria have the resistance against meropenem and the sensitivity were amikasin and tygesiclin

An Empirical Study on Regional Government-Owned Bank and Local Government Fund in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine which factors give impact on BPD performance as Regional Development Bank that still relies on Local Government Fund.   Theoretical framework:  Research on BPD performance so far without looking at special conditions where the bank's performance is experiencing very good performance and without mentioning the dependence of BPD on local government funds, so this research was conducted   Design/methodology/approach: The study collects data from 25 Indonesian Regional Development Banks (BPD) in period 2013-2017. Data analysis technique in this research uses multilinear regression.   Findings: The results of this research show that Growth of Third Party Fund (GTPF) has no effect on ROA. CAR and LDR have a positive and significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, NPL and QAP have a negative and significant effect on ROA.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The implication of this study indicates that management of bank needs to conduct a better strategy to maximize the profit from third party funds. Also, local government should consider other private bank as an alternative to deposit their fund. So that, Regional Government-owned bank may compete to other banks and it becomes independent.   Originality/value:  This study highlights the performance of BPD banks specifically in periods where the bank's performance is still very dependent on local government funds

Gambaran Tingkat Capaian Terapi Insulin Pada Pasien Rawat Jalandiabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riauperiode Januari – Desember 2011

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases, the characteristic is hyperglycemia that causes by abnormal of insulin secretion, insulin action or both of it. Insulin is a therapy of type 2 DM. Data of International Diabetes Federation showed that using insulin therapy in type 2 DM patient in Indonesia was classified low. This study aims to determine the description of the achievement insulin terapy level in type 2 DM patient's. Design of this study is retrospective descriptive is done with and collect data from medical record to 114 type 2 DM patients who received combination oral antidiabetic agents with insulin therapy and intensive insulin therapy. The result of this research were found that combination oral antidiabetic agents with insulin therapy USAge are higher than intensive insulin therapy is 77,2%. The most used combination therapy was combination long acting insulins with biguanids and sulfonylureas is 14,8%. The most used intensif insulin therapy was long acting insulin and rapid acting insulin is 38,4%. Achievement of therapeutic targets DM is 69,8% fasting blood glucose levels and 82,8% 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in bad catagory, 46% Triglycerides levels in avarege catagory, 64,2% HDL cholesterol in low catagory, 61,8% LDL cholesterol in bad catagory, 34% total cholesterol in bad catagory and 50% blood preassure in avarege catagory. Incidence of hypoglycemia is 7%. Conclusion of this study is the avhievement insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is low catagory

Gambaran Kejadian Kegagalan Anestesi Spinal pada Pasien Seksio Sesarea di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau Periode Mei- Juni 2014

Sectio Cesarea is a birth giving of fetus through transabdomen insition in uterus or fetus excretion through the wall of abdomen insition (laparatomy) and the wall of uteus (hysterectomy). In birth giving of this sectiocesarea, the technic that is generally used is the general and regional anaesthesia, but mostly used is the regional one, especially for spinal anaesthesia. The spinal anaesthesia technic has a risk of failure that is known as failed spinal anaesthesia. The type of this research is the descriptive one with cross sectional approach, to see the description of a failed spinal anaesthesia incident to medical patient of section cesarean in General Hospital Arifin Achmad Riau Province on May-June 2014. The result of this research shows that the number of failed spinal anaesthesia incident to medical patient of section cesarean in General Hospital Arifin Achmad Riau Province is 3,4% for 3 cases. The most cause distribution are obtained by a-not-really-good medicine quality for 2 cases (66,67%), followed by unappropriate chemicals for the medicine for 1 case (33,33%). The implementation of pasca failed spinal anaesthesia in every case of this failure is the repetation of spinal anaesthesia procedure

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien terhadap Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Paru di Lima Puskesmas Se-kota Pekanbaru

Tuberculosis (TB) disease is a transmitted infection that caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis). In 2015, Indonesia is in the 2nd place after Tiongkok in the world and the case of TB in Indonesia increases twice from the previous year which is about 1 million new cases per year. The success full of a program is determined by the patients' obedient in consuming medicine completely therefore of effective intervention increasing the early initiation, obedience and completion the treatment of TB are required. There are five healt centers that have the most TB cases in Pekanbaru namely Puskesmas Sidomulyo which is 68 cases, Rejosari which is 64 cases, Payung Sekaki which is 60 cases, Simpang Tiga Which is 56 cases and Garuda which is 48 cases. The patients can be cured if they are discipline in following the treatment of TB, comply the schedule of the treatment regularly, the functionary visits the patients regularly and the good role of the family. This research is aimed to find out the factors affecting the patients' obedient in TB treatment. The research was conducted in each patients'house with TB by using descriptive method and cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was 75 patients and 20 patients are for the validity and reliability test. The most patients are in 45 years old (36%), the male patients (64%), the average of the patients'house distance is > 2 Km which is 77,3%, patients who have motorcycle (96,1%), patients' income < 1 million (38,7%), the last education of the patient is Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)/ Madrasah Aliyah (MA)/Equivalent (58,7%), good knowledge (86,7%), good attitude (85,3%), good motivation (100%), the avaibility of good medicine (100%), the average patients in the intensive stage of category 1 month -2 (22,7%), the good role of Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) (85,3%), and the good support from family (88%). There are tree factors affecting the patients' obedient on the TB treatment in five Healt Centers in Pekanbaru namely motivation to be cured, the role of family and the role of PMO