1,001 research outputs found
Was the GLE on May 17, 2012 linked with the M5.1-class flare the first in the 24th solar cycle?
On May 17, 2012 an M5.1-class flare exploded from the sun. An O-type coronal
mass ejection (CME) was also associated with this flare. There was an instant
increase in proton flux with peak at MeV, leading to S2 solar
radiation storm level. In about 20 minutes after the X-ray emission, the solar
particles reached the Earth.It was the source of the first (since December
2006) ground level enhancement (GLE) of the current solar cycle 24. The GLE was
detected by neutron monitors (NM) and other ground based detectors. Here we
present an observation by the Tupi muon telescopes (Niteroi, Brazil, , , 3 m above sea level) of the enhancement of muons at ground
level associated with this M5.1-class solar flare. The Tupi telescopes
registered a muon excess over background in the 5-min binning time
profile. The Tupi signal is studied in correlation with data obtained by
space-borne detectors (GOES, ACE), ground based neutron monitors (Oulu) and air
shower detectors (the IceTop surface component of the IceCube neutrino
observatory). We also report the observation of the muon signal possibly
associated with the CME/sheath striking the Earth magnetosphere on May 20,
2012. We show that the observed temporal correlation of the muon excess
observed by the Tupi muon telescopes with solar transient events suggests a
real physical connection between them. Our observation indicates that
combination of two factors, the low energy threshold of the Tupi muon
telescopes and the location of the Tupi experiment in the South Atlantic
Anomaly region, can be favorable in the study and detection of the solar
transient events. Our experiment provides new data complementary to other
techniques (space and ground based) in the study of solar physics.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Magnetic Structures of High Temperature Phases of TbBaCo2O5.5
Neutron diffraction studies have been carried out on a single crystal of
oxygen-deficient perovskite TbBaCo2O5.5 in the temperature range of 7-370 K.
There have been observed several magnetic or structural transitions. Among
these, the existence of the transitions to the insulating phase from the
metallic one at ~340 K, to the one with the ferromagnetic moment at ~280 K and
possibly to the antiferromagnetic one at ~260 K, with decreasing temperature T
correspond to those reported in former works. We have studied the magnetic
structures at 270 K and 250 K and found that all Co3+ ions of the CoO6
octahedra are in the low spin state and those of the CoO5 pyramids carry spins
which are possibly in the intermediate spin state. Non-collinear magnetic
structures are proposed at these temperatures. Two other transitions have also
been observed at the temperatures, ~100 K and ~250 K.Comment: 9 pages, 2 tables, 10 figure
Muon excess at sea level from solar flares in association with the Fermi GBM spacecraft detector
This paper presents results of an ongoing survey on the associations between
muon excesses at ground level registered by the Tupi telescopes and transient
solar events, two solar flares whose gamma-ray and X-ray emissions were
reported by, respectively, the Fermi GBM and the GOES 14. We show that solar
flares of small scale, those with prompt X-ray emission classified by GOES as
C-Class (power to W m at 1 AU) may give rise to muon
excess probably associated with solar protons and ions emitted by the flare and
arriving at the Earth as a coherent particle pulse. The Tupi telescopes are
within the central region of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), which allows
particle detectors to achieve a low rigidity of response to primary and
secondary charged particles ( GV). Here we argue for the possibility
of a "scale-free" energy distribution of particles accelerated by solar flares.
Large and small scale flares have the same energy spectrum up to energies
exceeding the pion production, the difference between them is only the
intensity. If this hypothesis is correct, the Tupi telescope is registering
muons produced by protons (ions) whose energy corresponds to the tail of the
spectrum. Consequently the energy distribution of the emitted protons has to be
a power law spectrum, since power law distributions are characterized as scale
free distributions. The Tupi events give support to this conjecture.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figure
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