Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are show

A corrector for a wave problem with periodic coefficients in a 1D bounded domain

We consider a wave problem posed in a bounded open interval of R, where the coefficients, the initial conditions and the right-hand side are highly oscillating, periodic in the space variable and almost periodic in the time one. Our purpose is to find not only the corresponding limit equation but a corrector, i.e. a strong approximation in the H1 topology, which for the wave equation is known to be non-local. In a previous paper we have studied this problem in the whole RN, here we consider the case of a bounded domain in dimension one. Thus the novelty in this paper is the analysis of the boundary conditions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Aggregation of Dependent Risks in Mixtures of Exponential Distributions and Extensions

The distribution of the sum of dependent risks is a crucial aspect in actuarial sciences, risk management and in many branches of applied probability. In this paper, we obtain analytic expressions for the probability density function (pdf) and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of aggregated risks, modeled according to a mixture of exponential distributions. We first review the properties of the multivariate mixture of exponential distributions, to then obtain the analytical formulation for the pdf and the cdf for the aggregated distribution. We study in detail some specific families with Pareto (Sarabia et al, 2016), Gamma, Weibull and inverse Gaussian mixture of exponentials (Whitmore and Lee, 1991) claims. We also discuss briefly the computation of risk measures, formulas for the ruin probability (Albrecher et al., 2011) and the collective risk model. An extension of the basic model based on mixtures of gamma distributions is proposed, which is one of the suggested directions for future research.The authors thanks to the Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad (projects ECO2016-76203-C2-1-P, JMS, FP and VJ ECO2013-47092 EGD) for partial support of this work. In addition, this work is part of the Research Project APIE 1/2015-17 (JMS, FP, VJ): “New methods for the empirical analysis of financial markets” of the Santander Financial Institute (SANFI) of UCEIF Foundation resolved by the University of Cantabria and funded with sponsorship from Banco Santander

Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una plataforma tecnológica que permita acceder al crédito digital en el fondo de empleados Bretano

Trabajo de InvestigaciónEs un estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una plataforma tecnológica que permita acceder al crédito digital en el fondo de empleados Bretano. Se identificó una oportunidad que permite al fondo de empleados aumentar la colocación de cartera, el beneficio social y la distribución de excedentes entre los asociados. La investigación pretende comprobar la agilidad en las solicitudes de créditos que ofrece el fondo a los asociados mediante una plataforma tecnológica.RESUMEN ABSTRACT PALABRAS CLAVES MARCO TEÓRICO OBJETIVOS DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO RESULTADOS ASPECTOS FINALESEspecializaciónEspecialista en Análisis y Administración Financier

Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of parkinson´s disease

Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía P10-CTS-649

The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Is Essential for the Viability of Human Glioma Cells: A Possible Target for Treating Glioblastoma

Background. Glioblastoma or glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Patients have a prognosis of approximately 15 months, despite the current aggressive treatment. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) occurs naturally in human glioma, and it is necessary for the tumor development. Objective. The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge about the involvement of the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system in human glioma. Methods. Cellular localization of NK-1R and SP was studied in GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cell lines by immunofluorescence. The contribution of both SP and NK-1R to the viability of these cells was also assessed after applying the tachykinin 1 receptor (TAC1R) or the tachykinin 1 (TAC1) small interfering RNA gene silencing method, respectively. Results. Both SP and the NK-1R (full-length and truncated isoforms) were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. The presence of full-length NK-1R isoform was mainly observed in the nucleus, while the level of truncated isoform was higher in the cytoplasm. Cell proliferation was decreased when glioma cells were transfected with TAC1R siRNA, but not with TAC1. U-87 MG cells were more sensitive to the effect of the TAC1R inhibition than GAMG cells. The decrease in the number of glioma cells after silencing of the TAC1R siRNA gene was due to apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. In human primary fibroblast cultured cells, TAC1R silencing by siRNA did not produce any change in cell viability. Conclusions. Our results show for the first time that the expression of the TAC1R gene (NK-1R) is essential for the viability of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. On the contrary, the TAC1R gene is not essential for the viability of normal cells, confirming that NK-1R could be a promising and specific therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.Junta de Andalucía BIO-15