Automobile, transports urbains et mutations : l’automobilisation urbaine de Québec, 1919–1939

Certains objets techniques ont eu plus d’influence que d’autres sur la société et ses individus. L’automobile est sans conteste celui qui a suscité le plus grand nombre de mutations. En nous concentrant sur l’exemple de Québec durant l’entre-deux-guerres, nous mettons en lumière quelques-unes des mutations majeures produites par l’automobilisation sur la ville, le réseau routier et les transports urbains. En examinant les rapports entre l’automobile et le paysage urbain, cet article s’attache à un processus au Québec et au Canada qui gagnerait à être mieux connu.Some technologies have had a greater influence on peoples’ lives than others. The automobile is, without a doubt, one that has had an enormous impact. By focusing on the specific example of Quebec City during the inter-war period, we shall try to emphasize some of the major alterations produced by automobilization on the city, the road system, and urban transportation. By investigating relationships between the automobile and urban landscapes, this article draws needed attention to a little-examined urban process in Quebec and in Canada

A survey of clinical nursing skills in intellectual disability nursing

In this study the question asked is: what clinical nursing skills are predominantly used in intellectual disability nursing? A survey of the nursing needs of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability in both residential and community units was undertaken with a questionnaire.The measure was a Likert design scale ranging across: skills used more than once a day, skills used daily, skills used weekly, skills used monthly, skills very rarely used, and skills never used.The results of the study help to identify, plan, and direct the type and level of nursing skills taught to the intellectual disability nursing students and provides an insight into the current nursing skills used in the intellectual disabilities field

Operational procedures to obtain high beam-beam tune shifts in LEP pretzel operation

During the running period 1994 the luminosity of LEP has been improved without colliding higher bunch currents. This paper describes the main procedures used by the operations group for luminosity optimization. Separator scans in the vertical plane and orbit interpolations in the horizontal plane are used to adjust settings for electrostatic separators in order to ensure head-on collisions. The closed orbit is corrected towards a reference orbit (called "golden" orbit) which has been found empirically to produce good luminosity. The settings of the skew quadrupoles for coupling compensation is obtained by measuring the closest tune approach of the horizontal and vertical betatron tunes

Report on the Working Group set up to Study the Requirements for Operating the SPS within the INB Framework (INBOPS)

The convention signed with the French authorities for the LHC defines a new Installation Nucléaire de Base (INB). The LHC machine tunnel, the experiments, some buildings which cover access shafts to the machine and the SPS with its extraction lines up to the targets are all inside the new perimeter. The new convention came into effect in September 2000 and therefore the SPS fell within the new context from that time. As a consequence, SL has to operate the SPS within this new regulatory framework and a small working group was set up to look at the requirements and to estimate the resources required. The conclusions of the working group are reported in this paper

Overview of LEP operation in 1998

After the installation of 32 additional RF cavities in the 1997-1998 shutdown LEP was operated at a beam energy of 94.5 GeV. The total integrated luminosity for the year 1998 clearly surpassed its target and reached 198 pb-1. Vertical beam-beam tuneshiftsof more than 0.07 were obtained. The performance did not seem to be beam-beam limited, but the total beam current was limited by power dissipation problems to around 6 mA. A high phase advance optics (102o, 90o), with a smaller natural emittance, was used for regular operation in 1998. This contributed to the excellent performance of LEP, together with the further reduction of both the horizontal and vertical beta function at the interaction points. No dynamic aperture problems were encountered