The Relationship between Orthodontic Treatment and Dental Caries

Orthodontic treatment is the main treatment procedure to achieve a well-aligned dental arch and an esthetic smile. For this purpose, various types of removable or fixed orthodontic appliances are designed. However, each has their specific disadvantages. The most important one is that orthodontic appliances especially the brackets and the ligation mode create new retention areas in addition to blocking plaque-removing shear forces arising from fluid flow and masticatory loads with a resultant undesired effect of accumulation of dental plaque. Increased amount of dental plaque containing cariogenic bacteria is the main etiologic factor in decalcification of enamel during orthodontic treatment. This demineralization of the tooth surfaces results in appearance of white spots or even caries. However, in the literature, there are conflicting results in the relationship between orthodontic treatment and development of dental caries. Many preventive methods such as topical fluoride application, using bonding materials releasing fluoride, using mouth rinse with sodium fluoride, applying chlorhexidine, and so on were defined. The general comment of the authors is that supplying an adequate oral hygiene has the main role in prevention of demineralization-caries during orthodontic treatment. In the light of the previous studies’ results, it can be concluded that professional application like a varnish can be provided for patients who have high caries incidence

Kaynaştırma Uygulaması Yapılan Okul Öncesi Sınıflarında Drama Eğitim Programının Çocukların Etkileşimleri ve Sosyal Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the drama education on social interactions and social skills of children in preschool classes where inclusive practices are applied. In this study, an experimental design was used with control group through pretest-posttest follow-up design in order to evaluate the impact of the drama education on social interaction and collaboration, cooperation, and sharing behaviors of children. The research population was comprised of typically developing children and children with special needs, who are 60-66 months, attending independent preschools, which implement inclusive practices, functioning under the Ministry of National Education in Afyonkarahisar city center in academic year 2016-2017. The research sample was determined through the criterion sampling, which is among purposive sampling methods. In line with the aims of the study, the main criteria were determined as follows: there should be young children with disabilities in the class, the teacher should not have any previous training about drama except for the drama course during the undergraduate education, and the children should not have an additional drama education outside their curriculum. In line with the determined criteria, 18 children comprised the experimental group, and 18 children formed the control group. In the study, the “Interaction Rating Scale of Children (IRSC)” and “Collaboration-Cooperation-Sharing Behaviors Observation Form (CCSBOF)” were used. Hacettepe University Drama Education Program (HUDEP) was prepared by researchers to support the social interactions and collaboration, cooperation, and sharing behaviors of children in the classes, where the inclusive practices are performed. The program was implemented throughout 8 weeks and 16 sessions. In addition to preschool education programs, children in the experimental group were given HUDEP twice a week for 8 weeks. In order to observe the effects of HUDEP, pretest and posttest were applied together with the data collection tools, and the follow-up test was applied 1 month after the posttest. The result showed that the HUDEP implemented in the experimental group increased the interaction skills and collaboration, cooperation, and sharing behaviors of children. It was also observed that the interaction skills and collaboration-cooperation-sharing behaviors of children in the control group were also increased. In order to determine which group has higher increase, the pretest and posttest scores that children obtained from the scale were compared. As the conclusion of the comparison, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group.Çalışma, kaynaştırma uygulaması yapılan okul öncesi sınıflarında drama eğitiminin çocukların sosyal etkileşimleri ve sosyal becerileri üzerindeki etkililiğinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.  Araştırmada, drama eğitiminin çocukların sosyal etkileşim ve iş birliği-yardımlaşma-paylaşma davranışları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla ön test, son test ve kalıcılık testi kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Afyonkarahisar il merkezindeki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı bağımsız anaokullarının bünyesinde ve kaynaştırma uygulaması yapılan anasınıflarına devam eden 60 - 66 aylık normal gelişim gösteren ve özel gereksinimli çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda bir hafif düzeyde zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğun bulunması, anasınıfı öğretmenlerinin daha önce lisans eğitimleri esnasında aldıkları drama dersi dışında drama eğitimi almamış olması ve çocukların müfredatları dışında drama eğitimi almamış olmaları temel ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen ölçütler doğrultusunda on sekiz çocuk deney grubunu, on sekiz çocuk kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, “Çocuklarda Etkileşim Dereceleme Ölçeği (ÇEDÖ)” ve “İşbirliği-Yardımlaşma-Paylaşma Davranışları Gözlem Formu (İYPGF)” kullanılmıştır. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Drama Eğitim Programı (HÜDEP) kaynaştırma uygulaması yapılan sınıflarda çocukların sosyal etkileşimlerini ve iş birliği-yardımlaşma-paylaşma davranışlarını desteklemek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış ve sekiz hafta, 16 oturum olarak uygulanmıştır. Deney grubundaki çocuklara okul öncesi eğitim programlarına ek olarak sekiz hafta süreyle haftada iki kez HÜDEP uygulanmıştır. HÜDEP’in etkilerini görebilmek için veri toplama araçları ile ön test, son test ve son testten bir ay sonra kalıcılık testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, deney grubuna uygulanan HÜDEP’in çocukların etkileşim becerilerini ve iş birliği-yardımlaşma-paylaşma davranışlarını arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki çocukların da etkileşim becerilerinde ve iş birliği-yardımlaşma-paylaşma davranışlarında artış olduğu görülmüştür. Artışın hangi grupta daha fazla olduğunu belirlemek için deney ve kontrol grubundaki çocukların ölçeklerden aldıkları ön-son test fark puanları karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda deney grubunun lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmüştür

Asymptomatic mass in the tail of the pancreas: Intrapancreatic accessory spleen

We present a 48-year-old male patient with a mass in the tail of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasonography. The lesion was suspicious for a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and spleen preserved distal pancreatectomy surgery was performed. It was diagnosed as intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) after pathological examination. Accessory spleen is not an infrequent congenital entity caused by the localization of normal splenic tissue in ectopic regions. As it is known, an accessory spleen is a benign entity and does not require surgical treatment or follow-up when detected. However, it is important to recognize IPAS tissue as it may mimic a pancreatic neoplasia when it is located in the pancreas. In this article, we discuss the differential diagnostic possibilities of the IPAS entity

Investigation of the Problem Solving and Excellence Levels of the Secondary School Students Who Do Sports and Does Not

In this study, it was aimed to compare the problem solving and perfectionism levels of the students who do sports and do not sports in terms of various variables, and to determine the correlation between problem solving and their perfectionism. In the province of Among the competitions between secondary schools in the 2018-2019 academic year, Milas district of Muğla province, 171 sports students between the ages of 13-15, whose sports age is at least 2 years, were randomly selected among the sports students. SPSS 22.0 statistics program was used in the analysis of the data. After the descriptive analyzes were made on the data, as the results of the Kolmogorov-Simirnov normality test performed by comparing the scores of the participants were not normal, the difference between the groups was examined by applying the Mann-Whitney test, which is one of the non-parametric tests. The "Mann-Whitney U" test was used to determine the differences between the groups. Statistical analyzes were tested at 95% confidence level, p<0.05 values were considered statistically significant. Under the "spearman's rho" test for the correlation between perfectionism and problem-solving scale. As a result, although the perfectionism and problem solving levels of the students who do and do not do sports have a meaningful result, the effect of doing sports varies according to gender; We can say that there is a positive correlation in the sub-dimensions of perfectionism and problem solving skills

Clinical features, laboratory data, management and the risk factors that affect the mortality in patients with postoperative meningitis

Background: Nosocomial meningitis is a rare complication following neurosurgical procedures and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the risk factors associated with mortality in patients who developed nosocomial meningitis following neurosurgical operations. Setting and design: Tertiary care hospital and an observational study. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 2265 patients who underwent various neurosurgical operations during 2003-05. The diagnosis of nosocomial meningitis was based on the Center for Disease Control criteria. Statistical analysis: It was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 10.0 program. Results: The incidence of postoperative nosocomial meningitis was 2.7% (62 episodes in 49 patients among 2265 patients operated). Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp. were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Of the 49 with meningitis 20 (40.8%) patients died. In the logistic regression analysis model, Glascow coma scale score less than 10 (Odds Ratio (OR): 19.419, 95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1.637-230.41, P = 0.001), and low cerebrospinal fluid glucose level (= 30 mg/dL) (OR: 10.272, 95% CI; 1.273-82.854, P= 0.002), and presence of concurrent nosocomial infection (OR: 28.744, 95% CI; 1.647-501.73, P= 0.001) were the independent risk factors associated with mortality. Conclusion: The mortality in patients who developed meningitis was high. The high percentage of concurrent nosocomial infections was associated with a high mortality rate which was a serious problem

The effect of yeast culture products (Rumisacc and Intertotal) on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of live yeast culture and the combination of live yeast culture with vitamin-mineral supplementation as a feed additive on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids. Totally 18 male Saanen goat kids were divided in to one control and two treatment groups each containing 6 kids. Rations of groups were formulated as isonitrogenic and isocaloric. Live yeast culture (YC) and the combination product (YVM) (RumiSacc® and Intetotal® respectively,by Integro Food Industry and Trade Co., Istanbul, Turkey; Live yeast cell 344 x 1010 cfu per gram) was included in the concentrates at 0 (C), 1% (YC) and 1% (YVM) on feed basis, respectively. Feeding schedule was established with only concentrate. Feed was given ad libitum and roughage was not given. Dietary yeast culture at the level of 1% increased final live weight (+4.7% regarding control group). All investigated fattening performance with rumen fluid and blood parameters were not statistically affected with the supplements. It is concluded that live yeast culture and its vitamin-mineral combination did not have adverse affect in male kids fed without roughage

Rare earth element scandium mitigates the chromium toxicity in Lemna minor by regulating photosynthetic performance, hormonal balance and antioxidant machinery

MakaleWOS:000904949200001PubMed ID: 36379288Chromium (Cr) toxicity is a serious problem that threatens the health of living organisms and especially agricultural production. The presence of excess Cr leads to biomass loss by causing the imbalance of biochemical metabolism and inhibiting photosynthetic activity. A new critical approach to cope with Cr toxicity is the use of the rare earth elements (REEs) as an antioxidant defence system enhancer in plants. However, the effect of scandium (Sc), which is one of the REEs, is not clear enough in Lemna minor exposed to Cr toxicity. For this purpose, the photosynthetic and biochemical effects of scandium (50 μM and 200 μM Sc) treatments were investigated in Lemna minor under Cr stress (100 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM Cr). Parameters related to photosynthesis (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo) were suppressed under Cr stress. Stress altered antioxidant enzymes activities and hormone contents. Sc applications against stress increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH oxidase (NOX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), lutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition to the antioxidant system, the contents of indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were also rearranged. However, in all treatment groups, with the provision of ascorbate (AsA) regeneration and effective hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) retention which result in high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were effectively removed. Sc promoted the maintenance of cellular redox state by regulating antioxidant pathways included in the AsA-GSH cycle. Our results showed that Sc has great potential to confer tolerance to duckweed by reducing Cr induced oxidative damage, protecting the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis, and improving hormone signaling.Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Offic

The effect of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism on the development of non-dipper blood pressure

Introduction: ′Non-dippers′ are individuals without the anticipated nocturnal decrease in blood pressure. An increased incidence of target organ damage and a worse outcome in terms of cardiovascular events have been reported in this group of people. The pathogenesis of non-dipper hypertension is not clear at present. We aimed to investigate the effects of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism on the development of a non-dipper blood pressure pattern via 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Material and methods: 109 normotensive patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were evaluated, and 95 of these patients without reverse dipping and masked hypertension were included in the study. The control group consisted of 75 gender- and age-matched, normotensive, euthyroid healthy individuals. Results: Median serum TSH levels were 7.61 and 1.59 mUmL in patient and control groups, respectively. The number of non-dippers according to systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was significantly higher in the patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group. In linear regression analysis, TSH had a negative effect on the night/day ratio of the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the effect of hypothyroidism on non-dipper blood pressure pattern is not known, the present study has revealed that elevated TSH levels are likely to increase the risk of non-dipping in normotensive patients with either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism. (Pol J Endocrinol 2012; 63 (2): 97–103)Wstęp: U osób określanych jako non-dippers nie występuje fizjologiczne obniżenie ciśnienia tętniczego w godzinach nocnych. Jak wynika z doniesień, w tej grupie chorych częściej dochodzi do zmian narządowych i zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych. Patogenezy nadciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper dotychczas nie wyjaśniono. Celem autorów było zbadanie wpływu jawnej i subklinicznej niedoczynności tarczycy na rozwój profilu dobowej zmienności ciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper metodą całodobowego automatycznego pomiaru ciśnienia tętniczego. Materiał i metody: Spośród 109 chorych z prawidłowym ciśnieniem i z jawną lub subkliniczną niedoczynnością tarczycy do analizy włączono 95 osób, u których nie występował nocny wzrost ciśnienia tętniczego (reverse dipping) ani utajone nadciśnienie tętnicze. Grupa kontrolna składała się z 75 zdrowych osób z prawidłowym ciśnieniem tętniczym i prawidłową czynnością tarczycy odpowiednio dobranych pod względem płci i wieku. Wyniki: Mediany stężeń TSH w surowicy w grupach badanej i kontrolnej wynosiły odpowiednio 7,61 i 1,59 mUml. Liczba osób, u których nie występował nocny spadek wartości skurczowego, rozkurczowego i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego, był istotnie wyższy w grupie chorych z niedoczynnością tarczycy niż w grupie kontrolnej. W analizie regresji liniowej wykazano istnienie odwrotnej zależności między stężeniem TSH a stosunkiem między nocnymi i dziennymi wartościami ciśnienia skurczowego, rozkurczowego i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego. Wnioski: Mimo że nie wiadomo, jaki jest mechanizm oddziaływania niedoczynności tarczycy na rozwój dobowego profilu ciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper, w niniejszym badaniu wykazano, że podwyższone stężenie TSH może zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia takiego profilu ciśnienia tętniczego u osób z prawidłowym ciśnieniem tętniczym i jawną lub subkliniczną niedoczynnością tarczycy. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (2): 97–103

Hormetic activation of nano-sized rare earth element terbium on growth, PSII photochemistry, antioxidant status and phytohormone regulation in Lemna minor

MakaleWOS:000911837200007PubMed ID: 36470151Soils contaminated with rare earth elements (REEs) can damage agriculture by causing physiological disorders in plants which are evaluated as the main connection of the human food chain. A biphasic dose response with excitatory responses to low concentrations and inhibitory/harmful responses to high concentrations has been defined as hormesis. However, not much is clear about the ecological effects and potential risks of REEs to plants. For this purpose, here we showed the impacts of different concentrations of nano terbium (Tb) applications (510-25-50-100-250-500 mg L-1) on the accumulation of endogeneous certain ions and hormones, chlorophyll fluoresence, photochemical reaction capacity and antioxidant activity in duckweed (Lemna minor). Tb concentrations less than 100 mg L (-1) increased the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+) and iron (Fe2+). Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo) was suppressed under 250-500 mg L-1 Tb. In addition, Tb toxicity affected the trapped energy adversely by the active reaction center of photosystem II (PSII) and led to accumulation of inactive reaction centers, thus lowering the detected level of electron transport from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PSI). On the other hand, 5-100 mg L-1 Tb enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), NADPH oxidase (NOX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Tb (5-50 mg L-1) supported the maintenance of cellular redox status by promoting antioxidant pathways involved in the ascorbateglutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. In addition to the antioxidant system, the contents of some hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK) and salicylic acid (SA) were also induced in the presence of 5-100 mg L-1 Tb. In addition, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were controlled through ascorbate (AsA) regeneration and effective hormonal modulation in L. minor. However, this induction in the antioxidant system and phytohormone contents could not be resumed after applications higher than 250 mg L-1 Tb. TBARS and H2O2, which indicate the level of lipid peroxidation, increased. The results in this study showed that Tb at appropriate concentrations has great potential to confer tolerance of duckweed by supporting the antioxidant system, protecting the biochemical reactions of photosystems and improving hormonal regulation

Awareness and Attitudes of Patients on Enlightened Consent

Aydınlatılmış onam genellikle, belirli bir tedavinin yapılıp yapılmayacağına veya belirli bir tıbbi çalışmaya katılıp katılmayacağına karar vermek için bir hasta veya deneysel bir bireyle ilgili olan açık bilgi iletişiminin sağlandığı süreç olarak kabul edilir. Hastayı hastalığı ile ilgili bilgilendirmek hekim ile hasta arasında güven duygusunu geliştirir, hastanın refahını artırır. Bu da hastanın kararına saygı duyulduğunu, hastanın özgürce karar alabildiğini göstermesi açısından ahlaki bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; hastaların aydınlatılmış onam hakkında farkındalık düzeylerini ve aydınlatılmış onamı nasıl tanımladıklarını araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Erzurum ilinde yaşayan 400 birey üzerinde anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Bostan tarafından geliştirilen Aydınlatılmış Onam Tutum ve Farkındalık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizi frekans ve fark analizleri yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; katılımcıların deneyim faktörü içerisindeki sorulara verdikleri yanıtlarda cinsiyet değişkeni grupları arasında, hastane ziyaret sayısı değişkeni grupları arasında, meslek değişkeni grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların farkındalık faktörü içerisindeki sorulara verdikleri yanıtlarda yaş değişkeni grupları arasında, eğitim düzeyi değişkeni grupları arasında, gelir düzeyi değişkeni grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; katılımcıların, farkındalık düzeyleri yüksek derecede olmasına rağmen hastane ve sağlık kuruluşlarında bu haklarını kullanmak konusunda yeterince imkân bulamadıkları söylenebilir.Enlightened consent is generally regarded as the process by which open information communication is available to a patient or an experimental individual to decide whether a particular treatment should be performed or to participate in a particular experiment. Informing the patient about the disease, the physician develops a sense of trust among the patient and increases the well-being of the patient. This is of moral importance in terms of showing that the patient's decision is respected and that the patient can make a decision freely. The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness levels of patients about enlıghtened consent and how they define enlıghtened consent. For this purpose, 400 individuals living in Erzurum were surveyed. In the study, Enlightened Consent Attitude and Awareness Scale developed by Bostan was used. The quantitative data were analyzed by frequency and difference analysis. According to the findings of the research; A significant difference was found between the groups of gender variable, the number of hospital visits variable groups, and the profession variable groups. It was found that there was a significant difference between age variable groups, education level variable groups, income level variable groups in the answers given to the questions within the awareness factor. According to the results of the research; Although the awareness level of the participants is high, it can be said that they do not have enough opportunities to use these rights in hospitals and health institutions