TINJAUAN YURIDIS NORMATIF PEMENUHAN HAK KORBAN PELANGGARAN HAM BERAT DI INDONESIA

Violations of serious human rights is a severe crime that resulted in extraordinary losses in material and the victim imateriil. Victims who have suffered various sufferings in this case often does not get the protection and fulfillment of the rights held in accordance with the provision of the legislation in force. Methods used in this research is judicial normative data collection techniques literary study of the legal rights of victims of serious human rights violation in Indonesia. This research based data will be analyzed using content content analysis method. Based on this research, it can be known to the victims of serious human rights has a right to protection, compensation, restitution and rehabilitation. However, victims rights compliance in this regard can not be given the maximum due to some constraints which have become an obstacle to the implementation of victims right compliance, the ratification of the half so as not aligned with the national law, the lack of reagulation governing the rights of victims, lack of broard role representatives of the people, the cancellation of the law of truth and reconciliation commission and the establishment of human rughts Ad Hoc court. Efforts that can be done to overcome the obstacles that are in compliance with the rights of the victim is doing the absorption convenant of International human rights into national laws, regulations setting repair victims rights, increasing parliamentary support, making the bill handling cases of violstions of human rights heavy and increasing the president role in shaping human rights Ad Hoc court

PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI DAN PEMADATAN SERASAH DAUN DAN SAMPAH PLASTIK TERHADAP PROSES DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH DAUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR KOMPOS MATANG

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sampah plastik terhadap proses dekomposisi serasah daun yang terjadi pada landfill TPST Undip dengan penambahan aktivator kompos matang. Disamping itu, juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi komposisi dan pemadatan yang paling optimum. Sampah landfill buatan (sampah artifisial) berupa serasah daun dan sampah plastik dengan variasi komposisi dan pemadatan yang berbeda-beda diletakan pada 12 reaktor (K1, K2, K3, U1 – U9). Variasi komposisi diatur berdasarkan perbandingan berat (w/w) dimana berat sampah pada setiap reaktor yaitu 5 kg, sehingga didapatkan variasi perbandingan serasah daun : plastik sebesar 100 : 0, 90 : 10, 80 : 20. Untuk variasi pemadatan sebesar 0 kg/m³ (tanpa pemadatan), 27,8 kg/m³, dan 34,7 kg/m³. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa suhu tertinggi terdapat pada reaktor U6 (90:10; 34,7 kg/m3) yaitu 41oC, penurunan C/N terendah yaitu U9 (80:20; 34,7 kg/m3) sebesar 2,1%, kadar air paling optimum yatiu terdapat pada U4 (90 : 10; tanpa pemadatan) sebesar 56,2%, dengan adanya aktivator diperoleh kenaikan pH (7-8) secara cepat pada hari pertama dan kedua proses dekomposisi. Dari hasil skoring, diperoleh nilai tertinggi (15) terdapat pada reaktor U4, dimana U4 merupakan variasi komposisi 90% daun dan 10% plastik tanpa perlakuan pemadatan, U4 merupakan reaktor yang paling optimum dalam proses dekomposisi, sedangkan reaktor dengan skor terendah adalah U9 dengan skor 9, dimana U9 merupakan reaktor dengan variasi komposisi plastik terbanyak yaitu 20% dan dengan pemadatan terbesar yaitu 34,7 kg/m3. Dapat dilihat bahwa jumlah plastik yang terlalu banyak dan pemadatan yang terlalu besar akan memperlambat proses dekomposisi, namun dengan adanya aktivator kompos, proses dekomposisi dapat berlangsung dengan cepat. Kata Kunci : Variasi Komposisi,Variasi Pemadatan, Proses Dekomposisi ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of plastic waste on the green waste decomposition process that occurs on the landfill TPST Undip with the addition of mature compost activator. In addition, it is also conducted to determine the most optimum composition and compaction variations. Artificial waste landfill in the form of green waste and plastic waste with different composition and compaction variations are placed on 12 reactors (K1, K2, K3, U1 - U9). The composition variation is based on the weight ratio (w / w) in which the weight of each reactor waste is 5 kg, so that the green waste variation is 100: 0, 90: 10, 80: 20. For compaction variation of 0 kg / m³ (without compaction), 27.8 kg / m³, and 34.7 kg / m³. From the research result, it is found that the highest suhue is at U6 (90:10; 34,7 kg / m3) that is 41oC, the lowest C / N decrease is U9 (80:20; 34,7 kg / m3) 2,1% , the most optimum moisture content was found in U4 (90: 10, without compaction) of 56.2%, in the presence of the activator a rapid increase of pH (7-8) on the first and second day of the decomposition process. From the scores obtained, the highest value (15) is found in the U4 reactor, where U4 is a 90% leaf and 10% plastic composition without compaction treatment, U4 is the most optimum reactor in the decomposition process, while the lowest reactor is U9 with score 9, where U9 is the reactor with the highest variation of plastic composition that is 20% and with the biggest compaction is 34,7 kg / m3. It can be seen that too much plastic and too large compaction will slow down the decomposition process, but with the compost activator, the decomposition process can take place quickly. Keywords: Composition Variation, Variation of Compaction, Decomposition Proces

Examining the Effects of Exposure to Nature on Well-Being: Implications for College Campuses

Humans attraction to the natural environment stems from our evolutionary tendencies. Biophilia is defined by E.O. Wilson as the “innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes (Wilson, 1984, p. 1).” Recent studies have shown that spending time outside in nature is beneficial to physical and mental health as well as well-being. Nature is filled with intriguing things such as animals, plants, fresh air and other aspects which can help an individual replenish. Some of these benefits include stress reduction, opportunities and motivation to complete tasks. Research indicates that adults who work in offices would perform better if they had views of natural landscape painting or even a window which faced nature. This paper will provide a review of research on how nature affects human well-being and mental health. The findings in this paper can be beneficial to college students and those assisting them in a number of ways. Based on the available research literature, this paper concludes with a set of recommendations of how attention to the influence of nature can enhance the quality of campus life and the literature. As mostly young individuals transitioning into the adult world, it would help influence their well-being in a positive way that will promote creativity and motivation

Assessing regional integration: The progress of ASEAN regional grouping

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is now entering a new phase in its integration process. Beyond AFTA, it is now preparing a roadmap towards deeper economic integration, namely the creation of an ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Economic integration is to be encouraged if it can contribute positively towards the achievement of this goal and the overall developmental goals of the ASEAN countries. In view of the importance of enhancing economic integration in the era of globalisation, this paper evaluates the progress of ASEAN regional integration for the past decade to see to what extent ASEAN economic integration efforts have been successful. In this paper, the progress and developments of ASEAN countries are evaluated using performance indicators of regional integration based on ASEAN economic integration index. The scope of analysis of economic integration focuses on the three most important sectors of the thrusts of ASEAN economic cooperation, that is, trade; Investment; and human resources and labour mobility

Preparedness to teach : the perceptions of Saudi female pre-service mathematics teachers : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Being well prepared and experiencing a sense of preparedness for teaching is a key learning outcome of any initial teacher education (ITE) program. In order to understand more about the nature, development, and sufficiency of mathematics teacher readiness to teach, this study explores the phenomenon of preparedness. The aim of this study was to investigate how well Saudi pre-service teachers (PSTs) feel prepared to teach mathematics at secondary or middle schools (i.e. to explore their sense of preparedness to teach), delving into the nature and origins of that sense. The participants in the study were a sample of female mathematics PSTs (N=105), who were near the end of their teaching methods course in the final year of their 4-year education degree. The construct of preparedness was operationalized through a survey of PSTs’ efficacy to teach mathematics and an interview-based exploration of the factors influencing these perceptions. The data were collected over 4 months from 2015 to 2016. The quantitative data were analysed in SPSS and thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The key findings of this study indicated that for the PSTs, being prepared to teach means having teaching efficacy, good knowledge for teaching, a sense of preparedness, and professionalism. However, PSTs are not fully aware of all the kinds of knowledge needed for being prepared. The study showed that PSTs were generally confident that they were sufficiently prepared to teach. They felt most confident in the areas of content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical knowledge (PK) rather than pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The findings showed that the PSTs felt inadequately prepared in some aspects of their teaching roles, and needed more support and guidance from their university–school communities. The majority felt that classroom and behaviour management was the aspect in which they felt least prepared. They also expressed only a moderate level of general teaching efficacy (GTE), expressing a lower sense of efficacy relating directly to supporting students as learners. These were related to the disjunction between theory and practice that resulted from the two most influential factors shaping PSTs’ sense of preparedness and feelings of efficacy: the practicum experience and the ITE. Although these factors had positive impacts on their perceptions, they also expressed how the classroom environment, challenges, and school culture encountered during the practicum had lowered the PSTs’ sense of preparedness and teaching efficacy. Indeed, half of the PSTs felt that the school was neither sufficiently prepared nor sufficiently resourced to support PSTs learning the work of teaching. The challenge of closing the gap between theory and practice has led to PSTs’ desire to have more time in the mathematics methods course, as well as extra time in the practicum. It is hoped that the findings from this study concerning PSTs’ current perceptions about preparedness, combined with the suggestions for improving their levels of preparedness, will contribute to improvements in ITE and teaching quality in Saudi Arabia

On the Green's function and iterative solutions of Loop Quantum Cosmology

Here we shall find the green's function of the difference equation of loop quantum cosmology. To illustrate how to use it, we shall obtain an iterative solution for closed model and evaluate its corresponding Bohmian trajectory.Comment: To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Constraints Algebra and Equations of Motion in Bohmian Interpretation of Quantum Gravity

It is shown that introducing the quantum effects using deBroglie--Bohm theory in the canonical formulation of gravity would change the constraints algebra. The new algebra is derived and shown that it is the clear projection of general coordinate transformations to the spatial and temporal diffeomorphisms. The quantum Einstein's equations are derived and it is shown that they are manifestly covariant under the above diffeomorphisms, as it would be.Comment: 9 journal page