Türk Dünyasında Ortak Bir Tema: Gül ile Bülbül

Gül ile bülbül arasında yaşandığı hayal edilen alegorik aşk, Doğu ve Batı edebiyatlarında karşılaşılan ortak bir temadır. Türk edebiyatında ise Fars edebiyatının etkisiyle XIII. yüzyıldan itibaren müstakil olarak görülmeye başlanan bu tema, Türk dünyası ve kültürü için son derece önemli olan Doğu Türkçesi (Çağatay Türkçesi) ve Batı Türkçesi (Osmanlı Türkçesi) gibi iki ayrı yazı dilinin etkin olduğu Orta Asya ve Anadolu coğrafyalarında ortak bir edebî motif olarak işlenmiştir. Mevlana, Rifâî, Kara Fazlî, İznikli Bekâyî, Ömer Fuadî, Birrî Mehmed Dede Batı Türkçesiyle; Niyazî, Gazi Giray Han, Molla Gurbetî, Hırkatî, Muhammed Ebu Salâhî, Molla Elem Şehryarî, Abdurrahim Otuz İmenî gibi şair ve yazarlar ise Doğu Türkçesiyle gül ile bülbül temalı eserler kaleme almışlardır. Ancak her iki Türklük sahasında da karşımıza çıkan bu ortak tema olay örgüsü, kahramanlar, konunun işlenişi bakımından önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu makalede öncelikle şimdiye kadar üzerinde çok fazla durulmayan Doğu Türklük (Orta Asya) sahasında kaleme alınan gül ile bülbül temalı eserler sıralanmış; ikinci olarak iki ayrı sahada yazılan bu eserler olay örgüsü, kahramanlar, konunun işlenişi bakımından karşılaştırılıp benzer ve farklı yönleri ve bunların sebepleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylece genellikle çalışmalarda Batı Türklük sahası (Anadolu veya Osmanlı) merkezli olarak değerlendirilen konu, Doğu Türklük sahasında yazılan eserlerle birlikte ele alınarak Türk dünyasında ortak bir tema olan gül ile bülbül bir bütün hâlinde değerlendirilmiştir

Ali Şir Nevâyî’nin Mahbûbu’l-Kulûb’unun Etkisinde Yazılmış Bir Risale

Bu makalede öncelikle Özbekistan İlimler Akademisi El Biruni’deki kütüphanede 3402-II numarada kayıtlı yazmanın 1b - 10a/3 yapraklarında yer alan; ilk 7 yaprağı Ali Şir Nevâyî’nin Mahbûbu’l-Kulûb adlı eserinin çeşitli bölümlerinden alınan, diğer 3 yaprağı ise Hz. Muhammed ile bir Arap arasındaki öğüt içerikli soru-cevap şeklinde devam eden bölümden oluşan Arap harfli metnin çeviri yazısı yapılmış ve tıpkıbasımı çalışmanın sonuna eklenmiştir. Metnin içeriği, bölümleri tanıtılıp Kargı-Ölmez tarafından çalışılan Mahbûbu’l-Kulûb adlı çalışmayla çeşitli hususlarda karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ardından Uygur Türklerinin yoğun olarak yaşadıkları Kaşgar, Yarkent ve Hoten gibi bölgenin önemli kültür merkezlerinden birinde yazılmış olabileceği tahmin edilen ve özellikle de büyük bir kısmı Ali Şir Nevâyî’nin Mahbûbu’l-Kulûb’undan yapılan alıntılardan oluşan risalenin aracılığıyla Nevâyî’nin ve fikirlerinin 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Uygur Türkleri üzerindeki etkisinden bahsedilmiştir

Comparison of camel, buffalo, cow, goat, and sheep yoghurts in terms of various physicochemical, biochemical, textural and rheological properties

Comparative physicochemical, biochemical, textural, and rheological properties of yoghurts produced using buffalo, camel, cow, goat, and sheep milk were analysed. The physicochemical, textural, and rheological properties were determined over a 14-day storage period. Different animal milk types had a significant effect on all physicochemical analyses, fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid content, cholesterol content, all amino acids except asparagine, ACE inhibitory activity, citric acid, and orotic acid, as well as other textural and rheological properties, except flow index n parameter. The storage period had a very significant effect on titratable acidity, pH value, firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and yield stress τ0 parameters. Compared with other yoghurts studied, camel yoghurt was richer in terms of myristic acid from saturated fatty acids, ∑PUFA, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine from essential amino acids, glutamic acid, and proline from non-essential amino acids, ACE inhibitory activity value, and hippuric and orotic acids

Time delays in each step from symptom onset to treatment in acute myocardial infarction: Results from a nation-wide TURKMI registry

Objective: In this study, we aimed to analyze the TURKMI registry to identify the factors associated with delays from symptom onset to treatment that would be the focus of improvement efforts in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Turkey. Methods: The TURKMI study is a nation-wide registry that was conducted in 50 centers capable of 24/7 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All consecutive patients (n=1930) with AMI admitted to coronary care units within 48 hours of symptom onset were prospectively enrolled during a predefined 2-week period between November 1, 2018, and November 16, 2018. All the patients were examined in detail with regard to the time elapsed at each step from symptom onset to initiation of treatment, including door-to-balloon time (D2B) and total ischemic time (TIT). Results: After excluding patients who suffered an AMI within the hospital (2.6%), the analysis was conducted for 1879 patients. Most of the patients (49.5%) arrived by self-transport, 11.8% by emergency medical service (EMS) ambulance, and 38.6% were transferred from another EMS without PCI capability. The median time delay from symptom-onset to EMS call was 52.5 (15-180) min and from EMS call to EMS arrival 15 (10-20) min. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the median D2B time was 36.5 (25-63) min, and median TIT was 195 (115-330) min. TIT was significantly prolonged from 151 (90-285) min to 250 (165-372) min in patients transferred from non-PCI centers. The major significant factors associated with time delay were patient-related delay and the mode of hospital arrival, both in STEMI and non-STEMI. Conclusion: The baseline evaluation of the TURKMI study revealed that an important proportion of patients presenting with AMI within 48 hours of symptom onset reach the PCI treatment center later than the time proposed in the guidelines, and the use of EMS for admission to hospital is extremely low in Turkey. Patient-related factors and the mode of hospital admission were the major factors associated with the time delay to treatment

PsART-ID inception cohort: Clinical characteristics, treatment choices and outcomes of patients with psoriatic arthritis

Objectives: Our aim is to understand clinical characteristics, real-life treatment strategies, outcomes of early PsA patients and determine the differences between the inception and established PsA cohorts.Methods: PsArt-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis- International Database) is a multicentre registry. From that registry, patients with a diagnosis of PsA up to 6 months were classified as the inception cohort (n==388). Two periods were identified for the established cohort: Patients with PsA diagnosis within 5-10 years (n = 328), ≥10 years (n = 326). Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, outcomes were determined for the inception cohort and compared with the established cohorts.Results: The mean (s.d.) age of the inception cohort was 44.7 (13.3) and 167/388 (43.0%) of the patients were male. Polyarticular and mono-oligoarticular presentations were comparable in the inception and established cohorts. Axial involvement rate was higher in the cohort of patients with PsA ≥10 years compared with the inception cohort (34.8% vs 27.7%). As well as dactylitis and nail involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.001 respectively). Both enthesitis, deformity rates were lower in the inception cohort. Overall, 13% of patients in the inception group had a deformity. MTX was the most commonly prescribed treatment for all cohorts with 10.7% of the early PsA patients were given anti-TNF agents after 16 months.Conclusion: The real-life experience in PsA patients showed no significant differences in the disease pattern rates except for the axial involvement. The dactylitis, nail involvement rates had increased significantly after 10 years from the diagnosis and the enthesitis, deformity had an increasing trend over time