Skills as a factor in livestock production in Egypt

In the agricultural economy of Egypt the livestock industry has not developed as rapidly as the production of crops. The production of livestock, however, is becoming more important and the Egyptians are rapidly recognising the value livestock contributes to their livelihood. Its importance is keenly felt when the landlord and peasant experience low prices for their crops, principally cotton, and thus are without an adequate source of income to help offset the instability of their income. Also, the pressing need for organic manures to overcome part of the fertility problem of the land Is of great importance to Egyptian agriculture. Soil depletion is of particular significance since crop yields have not improved as they should have in recent years. This has been due partly to the scarcity of available chemical fertilizers during the World War II period when production had to be concentrated on grains to feed the Allied troops, and because the same practices for planting and tilling the soil as were used 5,000 years ago are still predominant. In order to better understand the role livestock might have in the future development of Egyptian agriculture, it will be helpful if one understands some of the different characteristics and the setting in which the livestock enterprise prevails

Rawls' Attitude towards Individualism: An Analytical Study

تنطلق هذه الدراسة من تساؤل مفاده؛ هل يُعدُّ حجاب الجهالة عند جون رولز نزعة معادية للفردية؟ وللاقتراب من الإجابة، تم إيضاح مدى أهمية إشكالية الفردية كونها قضية مركزية في الفلسفة السياسية، وكذلك تأثيراتها في العدالة، ثم مدى أهميتها في ظل ما تشهده المجتمعات المعاصرة من الطبقية الاقتصادية وقضية العنصرية المتزايدة، والعدوانية ضد الأقليات، بل كل ما يمثل الآخر وحقوقه. وبالمنهج التحليلي، تم تفكيك مقولات رولز عن الوضع الأصلي والنسق المفاهيمي ومبدأي العدالة وحجاب الجهالة وعلاقة كل هذا بموقفه من الفردية. تبيَّن من الدراسة أن رولز عمل على أن يتفادى عيوب الليبرالية في صيغتها الرأسمالية التي تعاني في كثير من الأحيان من التطرف باسم حرية الفردانية التملكية، إضافة إلى حرصه الشديد على ألا يقع في أتون صيغة شمولية ماركسية. كما تبين أن حجاب الجهالة إنما هو محاولة لتحييد مسببات الأنانية –إذا جاز التعبير- ومن ثَمَّ تم إيضاح النقد الذي وجّه إلى رولز، خاصة هذا النقد الرأسمالي الإنكاري عند فرانسيس فوكوياما والنقد الجماعي عند مايكل ساندل، وتم إيضاح ما يمكن أن نطلق عليه العقلانية الاجتماعية وإمكانية الاستقرار المجتمعي.This study is based on the question: Is the veil of ignorance according to John Rawls considered an anti-individualistic inclination? To get closer to the answer, the importance of the individualistic problem as a central matter in political philosophy was explained, together with its effects on the value of justice, and the extent of its importance in light of economic stratification and the increasing racism and aggression against minorities in contemporary societies, and all that represents the other and his rights. Adopting an analytical method, Rawls' statements on the original position, conceptual pattern, principles of justice, the veil of ignorance and the relation of all of this to his attitude towards individualism were deconstructed. The study concluded that Rawls worked to avoid the defects of liberalism in its capitalist form which often suffers extravagance in the name of free-handed individuality ownership, this is with great care not to fall into the furnace of a Marxist totalitarian formula. Hence, the veil of ignorance was indeed an attempt to neutralize the causes of egoism -so to speak- and accordingly, the criticism faced by Rawls was exposed, especially capitalist and disapproval criticism by Fukuyama and collective criticism by Michael Sandel. What may be called social rationality and the possibility of achieving social stability was explained

The Dilemma of Maternity between Need and Duty: A Feminist Reading of Doris Lessing's the Fifth Child

Doris Lessing is widely known as one of the most celebrated contemporary female writers in English literature. Unlike other feminist writers who advocate equality between women and men, Lessing’s feminism is mainly concerned with defending women in the context of the different social pressures they are exposed to in a given society. The Fifth Child is one of Lessing novels in which she adopts the implicit feminist approach in portraying the character of Harriet Lovatt. Harriet Lovatt wants to lead a free life disregarding the conventions of marriage and maternal life in the sixties by getting married to David and having a large family. Therefore, she is scapegoated by her society for deviating from the prevailing norms. The main aim of the study is to analyze The Dilemma of Maternity between need and obligation, based on the Feminist Reading of Doris Lessing's the Fifth Child. The study demonstrates that how Harriet has to adapt to her adverse situation and, in doing so, she has to overcome a lot of hardships in the process of constructing a new self. In a word, Lessing wants to underscore how the condition of any woman who wants to live on her own is worsened just because of deviating from the prevailing norms in her community. Moreover, in this study, we attempt to point out the maternity dilemma in today’s society, and finally, draw some conclusion

Design of a Simulator for Neonatal Multichannel EEG: Application to Time-Frequency Approaches for Automatic Artifact Removal and Seizure Detection

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to noninvasively monitor brain activities; it is the most utilized tool to detect abnormalities such as seizures. In recent studies, detection of neonatal EEG seizures has been automated to assist neurophysiologists in diagnosing EEG as manual detection is time consuming and subjective; however it still lacks the necessary robustness that is required for clinical implementation. Moreover, as EEG is intended to record the cerebral activities, extra-cerebral activities external to the brain are also recorded; these are called “artifacts” and can seriously degrade the accuracy of seizure detection. Seizures are one of the most common neurologic problems managed by hospitals occurring in 0.1%-0.5% livebirths. Neonates with seizures are at higher risk for mortality and are reported to be 55-70 times more likely to have severe cerebral-palsy. Therefore, early and accurate detection of neonatal seizures is important to prevent long-term neurological damage. Several attempts in modelling the neonatal EEG and artifacts have been done, but most did not consider the multichannel case. Furthermore, these models were used to test artifact or seizure detection separately, but not together. This study aims to design synthetic models that generate clean or corrupted multichannel EEG to test the accuracy of available artifact and seizure detection algorithms in a controlled environment. In this thesis, synthetic neonatal EEG model is constructed by using; single-channel EEG simulators, head model, 21-electrodes, and propagation equations, to produce clean multichannel EEG. Furthermore, neonatal EEG artifact model is designed using synthetic signals to corrupt EEG waveforms. After that, an automated EEG artifact detection and removal system is designed in both time and time-frequency domains. Artifact detection is optimised and removal performance is evaluated. Finally, an automated seizure detection technique is developed, utilising fused and extended multichannel features along a cross-validated SVM classifier. Results show that the synthetic EEG model mimics real neonatal EEG with 0.62 average correlation, and corrupted-EEG can degrade seizure detection average accuracy from 100% to 70.9%. They also show that using artifact detection and removal enhances the average accuracy to 89.6%, and utilising the extended features enhances it to 97.4% and strengthened its robustness.لمراقبة ورصد أنشطة واشارات المخ، دون الحاجة لأي عملیات (EEG) یستخدم الرسم أو التخطیط الكھربائي للدماغ للدماغجراحیة، وھي تعد الأداة الأكثر استخداما في الكشف عن أي شذوذأو نوبات غیر طبیعیة مثل نوبات الصرع. وقد أظھرت دراسات حدیثة، أن الكشف الآلي لنوبات حدیثي الولادة، ساعد علماء الفسیولوجیا العصبیة في تشخیص الاشارات الدماغیة بشكل أكبر من الكشف الیدوي، حیث أن الكشف الیدوي یحتاج إلى وقت وجھد أكبر وھوذو فعالیة أقل بكثیر، إلا أنھ لا یزال یفتقر إلى المتانة الضروریة والمطلوبة للتطبیق السریري.علاوة على ذلك؛ فكما یقوم الرسم الكھربائي بتسجیل الأنشطة والإشارات الدماغیة الداخلیة، فھو یسجل أیضا أي نشاط أو اشارات خارجیة، مما یؤدي إلى -(artifacts) :حدوث خلل في مدى دقة وفعالیة الكشف عن النوبات الدماغیة الداخلیة، ویطلق على تلك الاشارات مسمى (نتاج صنعي) . 0.5٪ولادة حدیثة في -٪تعد نوبات الصرع من أكثر المشكلات العصبیة انتشارا،ً وھي تصیب ما یقارب 0.1المستشفیات. حیث أن حدیثي الولادة المصابین بنوبات الصرع ھم أكثر عرضة للوفاة، وكما تشیر التقاریر الى أنھم 70مرة أكثر. لذا یعد الكشف المبكر والدقیق للنوبات الدماغیة -معرضین للإصابة بالشلل الدماغي الشدید بما یقارب 55لحدیثي الولادة مھم جدا لمنع الضرر العصبي على المدى الطویل. لقد تم القیام بالعدید من المحاولات التي كانتتھدف الى تصمیم نموذج التخطیط الكھربائي والنتاج الصنعي لدماغ حدیثي الولادة, إلا أن معظمھا لم یعر أي اھتمام الى قضیة تعدد القنوات. إضافة الى ذلك, استخدمت ھذه النماذج , كل على حدة, أو نوبات الصرع. تھدف ھذه الدراسة الى تصمیم نماذج مصطنعة من شأنھا (artifact) لإختبار كاشفات النتاج الصنعيأن تولد اشارات دماغیة متعددة القنوات سلیمة أو معطلة وذلك لفحص مدى دقة فعالیة خوارزمیات الكشف عن نوبات ضمن بیئة یمكن السیطرة علیھا. (artifact) الصرع و النتاج الصنعي في ھذه الأطروحة, یتكون نموذج الرسم الكھربائي المصطنع لحدیثي الولادة من : قناة محاكاة واحده للرسم الكھربائي, نموذج رأس, 21قطب كھربائي و معادلات إنتشار. حیث تھدف جمیعھا لإنتاج إشاراة سلیمة متعدده القنوات للتخطیط عن طریق استخدام اشارات مصطنعة (artifact) الكھربائي للدماغ.علاوة على ذلك, لقد تم تصمیم نموذجالنتاج الصنعيفي نطاقالوقت و (artifact) لإتلاف الرسم الكھربائي للدماغ. بعد ذلك تم انشاء برنامج لكشف و إزالةالنتاج الصناعينطاقالوقت و التردد المشترك. تم تحسین برنامج الكشف النتاج الصناعيالى ابعد ما یمكن بینما تمت عملیة تقییم أداء الإزالة. وفي الختام تم التمكن من تطویر تقنیة الكشف الآلي عن نوبات الصرع, وذلك بتوظیف صفات مدمجة و صفات الذي تم التأكد من صحتھ. (SVM) جدیدة للقنوات المتعددة لإستخدامھا للمصنفلقد أظھرت النتائج أن نموذج الرسم الكھربائي المصطنع لحدیثي الولادة یحاكي الرسمالكھربائي الحقیقي لحدیثي الولادة بمتوسط ترابط 0.62, و أنالرسم الكھربائي المتضرر للدماغ قد یؤدي الى حدوث ھبوطفي مدى دقة متوسط الكشف عن نوبات الصرع من 100%الى 70.9%. وقد أشارت أیضا الى أن استخدام الكشف والإزالة عن النتاج الصنعي (artifact) یؤدي الى تحسن مستوى الدقة الى نسبة 89.6 %, وأن توظیف الصفات الجدیدة للقنوات المتعددة یزید من تحسنھا لتصل الى نسبة 94.4 % مما یعمل على دعم متانتھا

Economical effects of rainfall towards oil palm production and cost of maintenances / Muhammad Fathi Mohamed Yudin

The role of rainfall in plant could not be overemphasized because rainfall determines the amount of moisture present in the soil which is ultimately made available to plants. The objective of this study is to identified the effect of the rainfall toward production and cost.The research is done by using monthly data from 2015 until 2017 that get from Syarikat Ladang Sungai Terah, Ladang Subong Gua Musang . This study test whether there have long run relationship between the variable. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) show that the series are significant at first difference. There also have a co-integrating relationship in this model. The vector error correction model (VECM) were conducted in this test .Result show that the positive significant that increasing of the rainfall will increase the production. For the impulse respons showed that there is significant relationship between cost and maintenance and rainfall . As a conclusion, the results in this study have shown that all dependent and independent variables which is rainfall data and cost of maintenances have been found to be significant at one per cent level of significance for the long run equation and affected the production of oil palm. From this we can conclude that there has many factor that effect the production. Rainfall was not directly give the impact to the production because it depends on the environmen

Seismic Interpretation and Reprocessing Over the Wadi Field NC149, Sirte Basin, Libya

The Wadi field is located in the Hagfa Trough, where exploration targets are very deep, compared with the other exploration targets on the platform. Seismic data are poor for the deep horizons, and the deepest horizon for reliable mapping is the top Upper Cretaceous Zmam Formation. Twelve wells have been drilled within the Wadi field structure, the main reservoir being penetrated by eleven wells. Five wells have a check shot survey (D6, D7, D8, D9, and K1-149). The field is seismically defined on the basis of a 2-D seismic survey. One line (V07-85) has been reprocessed using the uphole static correction. The uphole static has improved the image in the area where the elevation changes markedly. The check shot surveys from wells D6, D7, D8, D9, and Kl-149 are used to identify the reflectors. Eight reflectors have been picked on the seismic sections. Times picked from four horizons (top Gargaf, Nubian, Zmam and Zelten respectively) have been contoured. The maps show that the structure is subdivided into a number of interlinked grabens and half-grabens, separated by structurally high horst or footwall highs formed by normal faults trending NW-SE, with at least one likely growth fault. The isochron maps for the Gargaf-Nubian, Nubian-Zmam and Zmam-Zelten intervals all show thinning on the crest of the structure, and thickening on the flank of the structure towards the grabens. The tilting is responsible for the entrapment of the oil in the main reservoir (Nubian sandstone) against the Socna shale. To understand the timing of faulting in the study area, the back-stripping technique has been used. Wells D6 and D7-149 show an average velocity decrease with depth at Heira (Palaeocene) and Socna (Upper Cretaceous) horizons. D9-149 shows velocity decrease with depth at the Socna (Upper Cretaceous) Cretaceous) reflector. The average velocity calculated using the relation between average and interval velocities is unreliable for the depth conversion. All the average velocities calculated using the time from the seismic lines are used for the depth conversion. The structure map for the top Nubian shows the structure subdivided into four blocks (A, B, C, D)

Workplace Deviance Behaviors

This research study employed a casual comparative approach to investigating the workplace deviance behaviors of educational leaders in the primary and high schools in Egypt. Random samples of 239 managerial employees in the primary and high schools were selected. The research study measures the workplace deviance behaviors of leaders. Chi-squares and t-test results revealed that no statistical differences were noted between the primary and high schools with regard to interpersonal deviance (ID), organizational deviance (OD), and workplace deviance

Effect of Fuel Additives on the Performance and Emissions of an Internal Combustion Engine

Internal combustion engines fuel additives producers claim that with the addition of some additives to diesel fuel, an engine can function better in terms of performance and efficiency and decrease the emissions due to the combustion process as well. The diesel engine thermal efficiency ranges from about 35 to 40 percent. The diesel fuel price in Malaysia is about RM 1.80 per liter. The emissions due to the combustion of diesel fuel include mostly COx and NOx emissions. A study must be carried out in order to validate the claims of the fuel additives producers and find out the effect of the additives on the performance and the emissions of the diesel engine. The objective of this project is to carry out the experiment needed to validate the claims throughout running an engine using an additive free diesel fuel and an additive on diesel fuel. This experiment is conducted through using two fuel additives. After testing the fuel with the additives and without the additives the results of the experiment are tabulated, comparing torque, power, specific fuel consumption and exhaust temperature with respect to the engine’s speed. A single cylinder two strokes diesel engine is used in this experiment with and without the additives. The parameters of interest in this study would be (Torque, Fuel consumption, power and exhaust temperature) According to recent researches made by few researchers some additives validated the claims of the fuel additives producers. Some of these research results is included with further details in this report