5,5′-Bis(diethyl­amino)-2,2′-[2,2-di­methyl­propane-1,3-diylbis­(nitrilo­methylidyne)]diphenol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C27H40N4O2, comprises one mol­ecule of a potentially tetra­dentate Schiff base ligand. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 67.13 (10)°. Strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. One terminal methyl among the four diethyl­amino groups is disordered over two positions with the refined site occupancy ratio of 0.660 (7)/0.340 (7)

Comparing strength and range of motion of the upper limb with AV fistula access with the contralateral upper limb among patients treated with hemodialysis

Introduction:The arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a gold standard method for safe and effective repeated vascular access for patients on hemodialysis (HD). The patients, with AV-fistula access in their upper limb, have some limitations in using the involved limb both in daily living and during the dialysis process. The aim of this study was to compare range of motion (ROM), muscle strength and arm circumference of fistula created limb with the contralateral upper limb. Material and Methods: 23 patients (50-85 year), receiving HD through AV fistula in one of their upper limbs, at least for 3 months, were enrolled. ROM, muscle strength, and arm circumference of both upper limbs were measured using goniometer, dynamometer and tape-measure, respectively. Then the values of the both sides were compared together. Results: In ROM tests shoulder forward flexion, backward extension, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal extension, and horizontal adduction, and in muscle strength tests shoulder abduction and hand grip were significantly (p<0.05) more limited or weaker at the fistula side. Arm circumference was significantly greater at the fistula created limb. Conclusion: The upper limb, which is involved during HD process, is weaker and has more limited ROM in comparison with the contralateral limb. We suggest more attention to develop specific exercise programs for maintaining the abilities of the limb with AV-fistula access. 

A comprehensive accuracy assessment of Samsung smartwatch heart rate and heart rate variability

Background: Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost and easy-to-implement method to measure vital signs, including heart rate (HR) and pulse rate variability (PRV) which widely used as a substitute of heart rate variability (HRV). The method is used in various wearable devices. For example, Samsung smartwatches are PPG-based open-source wristbands used in remote well-being monitoring and fitness applications. However, PPG is highly susceptible to motion artifacts and environmental noise. A validation study is required to investigate the accuracy of PPG-based wearable devices in free-living conditions.Objective: We evaluate the accuracy of PPG signals-collected by the Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch in free-living conditions-in terms of HR and time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters against a medical-grade chest electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor.Methods: We conducted 24-hours monitoring using a Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch and a Shimmer3 ECG device. The monitoring included 28 participants (14 male and 14 female), where they engaged in their daily routines. We evaluated HR and HRV parameters during the sleep and awake time. The parameters extracted from the smartwatch were compared against the ECG reference. For the comparison, we employed the Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plot, and linear regression methods.Results: We found a significantly high positive correlation between the smartwatch's and Shimmer ECG's HR, time-domain HRV, LF, and HF and a significant moderate positive correlation between the smartwatch's and shimmer ECG's LF/HF during sleep time. The mean biases of HR, time-domain HRV, and LF/HF were low, while the biases of LF and HF were moderate during sleep. The regression analysis showed low error variances of HR, AVNN, and pNN50, moderate error variances of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF, and high error variances of LF/HF during sleep. During the awake time, there was a significantly high positive correlation of AVNN and a moderate positive correlation of HR, while the other parameters indicated significantly low positive correlations. RMSSD and SDNN showed low mean biases, and the other parameters had moderate mean biases. In addition, AVNN had moderate error variance while the other parameters indicated high error variances.Conclusion: The Samsung smartwatch provides acceptable HR, time-domain HRV, LF, and HF parameters during sleep time. In contrast, during the awake time, AVNN and HR show satisfactory accuracy, and the other HRV parameters have high errors.</p

The Relationship between Work-Family Conflict, Job Stress, and Accidental Potential: A case study of Tehran-Shahrood fiber optic line construction project

Introduction: Today, work-family conflict and occupational stress are considered as a common and costly problem in work environments. Almost all people are faced with such challenges. Work-family conflict is a sub-set of psychological factors. The main purpose of this research was to measure the correlation among work-family conflict, occupational stress, and incident talent. Moreover, we classified the employees in each of these three variables. Methods: In order to collect data in this applied research, we used questionnaire. The statistical population included all the employees of a fiber-optic line construction project. A total of 250 samples were selected randomly. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test, frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Findings indicated that job stress and work-family conflict had a positive correlation with the accidental potential among employees. Moreover, we found that among the sub-scales of work-family conflict, the highest score was related to the behavioral conflict in the family (9.19). Among the stress subscales, the highest score was attributed to the job performance subscale (18.43). Conclusion: The results show that the increased work stress and work-family conflict lead to an increase in the level of incidence. Therefore, a psychologist should be present in the work and training environments to control and manage the stress, divide the family and work duties, address these problems, and reduce the incidents. &nbsp

Increased expression level of Dicer in placenta is associated with the early onset of preeclampsia

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract

Effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 gene expression to prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic rat vessels

Abstract Aims/Introduction The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the reduction of atherosclerosis plaques through inhibition of lectin‐like low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) gene expression in diabetic vessels. Materials and methods A total of 50 rats were divided into five groups, including non‐diabetic control, Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control, chronic diabetic, Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and insulin‐treated chronic diabetic. The induction of diabetes was carried out by streptozotocin. The Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control groups were treated with 10 g/L of MgSO4 added to their drinking water. The insulin‐treated chronic diabetic group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice per day. The fasting blood glucose level and bodyweight were determined weekly. Blood pressure measurement and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were carried out after 16 weeks, and the plasma levels of Mg, lipid profile and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL) were determined. The mesenteric bed was isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method. The aorta was isolated for LOX‐1 genes and proteins expression, and pathological investigation. Results MgSO4 administration improved blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and plasma ox‐LDL level, and also lowered the blood glucose level to the normal range, and decreased LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Insulin decreased blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, blood glucose, lipid profiles and plasma oxLDL level, but it did not decrease LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Conclusions The present findings suggested that MgSO4 improves blood pressure and vessel structure through decreasing oxLDL, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions; however, insulin did not repair vessel structure, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions

The relationship between cultural sensitivity and levels of work interaction among emergency medical services staff in Iran

Introduction: Proper implementation of primary medical care requires appropriate interaction between personnel and the patient. Cultural sensitivity refers to acceptance, openness, and respect for colleagues and patients, regardless of their culture and ethnicity. Due to the importance of cultural sensitivity in emergency medical services (EMS), this study aimed to investigate the status of intercultural sensitivity among EMS staff and its relationship with their levels of work interaction in the workplace. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study conducted in 2022 with the participation of the EMS staff of Bam University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through the workforce diversity questionnaire (WDQ-II), and the multicultural sensitivity scale (MSS) by stratified random sampling. Content validity was determined using the opinions of experts and specialists, and the reliability of the tools was assessed using the test–retest method. Findings: This study showed that intercultural sensitivity among EMS staff was not significantly different from the mean score, but work interaction was significantly higher than the mean. The Pearson correlation coefficient test results also indicated a significant inverse correlation between intercultural sensitivity and work interaction. Conclusion: According to the findings, to reduce intercultural sensitivity, it is necessary to familiarize people with each other and transfer information on and awareness of different cultures in the region to the personnel. Therefore, it seems logical that improvement of the interaction between the treatment team, especially among staff of emergency medical services, should receive more attention as one of the factors affecting patient safety and care

A comprehensive accuracy assessment of Samsung smartwatch heart rate and heart rate variability

BackgroundPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost and easy-to-implement method to measure vital signs, including heart rate (HR) and pulse rate variability (PRV) which widely used as a substitute of heart rate variability (HRV). The method is used in various wearable devices. For example, Samsung smartwatches are PPG-based open-source wristbands used in remote well-being monitoring and fitness applications. However, PPG is highly susceptible to motion artifacts and environmental noise. A validation study is required to investigate the accuracy of PPG-based wearable devices in free-living conditions.ObjectiveWe evaluate the accuracy of PPG signals-collected by the Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch in free-living conditions-in terms of HR and time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters against a medical-grade chest electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor.MethodsWe conducted 24-hours monitoring using a Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch and a Shimmer3 ECG device. The monitoring included 28 participants (14 male and 14 female), where they engaged in their daily routines. We evaluated HR and HRV parameters during the sleep and awake time. The parameters extracted from the smartwatch were compared against the ECG reference. For the comparison, we employed the Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plot, and linear regression methods.ResultsWe found a significantly high positive correlation between the smartwatch's and Shimmer ECG's HR, time-domain HRV, LF, and HF and a significant moderate positive correlation between the smartwatch's and shimmer ECG's LF/HF during sleep time. The mean biases of HR, time-domain HRV, and LF/HF were low, while the biases of LF and HF were moderate during sleep. The regression analysis showed low error variances of HR, AVNN, and pNN50, moderate error variances of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF, and high error variances of LF/HF during sleep. During the awake time, there was a significantly high positive correlation of AVNN and a moderate positive correlation of HR, while the other parameters indicated significantly low positive correlations. RMSSD and SDNN showed low mean biases, and the other parameters had moderate mean biases. In addition, AVNN had moderate error variance while the other parameters indicated high error variances.ConclusionThe Samsung smartwatch provides acceptable HR, time-domain HRV, LF, and HF parameters during sleep time. In contrast, during the awake time, AVNN and HR show satisfactory accuracy, and the other HRV parameters have high errors