Synthesis of CdO Nanoparticles Using Direct Chemical Precipitation Method; Fabrication of Novel Voltammetric Sensor for Square Wave Voltammetry Determination of Chlorpromazine in Pharmaceutical Samples

A chemically modified electrode was constructed and applied to the electrooxidation of the chlorpromazine (CPZ). The oxidation peak potential of the CPZ at a surface of CdO/NPs ionic liquid carbon paste electrode (CdO/NPs/IL/CPE) appeared at 695 mV. The CdO nanoparticle (CdO/NPs) was characterized with different methods such as transmission electron microscope (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Under optimized (pH 7.0), linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.1–350 μM for CPZ, which shows adequate for the quantification in real samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of CPZ in both pharmaceutical and urine samples. Keywords Chlorpromazine, CdO nanoparticles, Ionic liquids, Modified electrode, Chemical precipitation metho

Implicatures in the Persian and Turkish Translations of Four American Short Stories

Assesses the procedures and accuracy of translators in capturing implicit meaning in conversations found in “Indian Camp,” “Cat in the Rain,” “The Killers,” and “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,” concluding that no one strategy meets all translational needs

Cytotoxic effect of two novel platinum(II) complexes on breast cancer: an in vitro study

With 1.36 million new cases in worldwide each year, breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in female. Among numerous chemotherapy drugs which are widely used for cancer therapy, platinum compounds are the most persuasive ones although challenges remain with the clinical use of them due to their side effects as well as intrinsic and acquired resistance. In attempt to combat drug resistance, reduce cytotoxic side effects or find the drug for particular forms of cancer, over the years, thousands of other platinum (Pt) compounds i.e. carboplatin and oxaliplatin have been developed. In this regard, we previously described synthesis of some new platinum (II) derivatives with potential anti-cancer activities against BC. Here, we chose two of the best platinum(II) compounds, 3b and 2a, to further evaluate their cytotoxic activities against human BC cell lines, SKBR3, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MBA-MB-468, with different molecular subtypes using a colorimetric MTT cytotoxic assay. Their cytotoxic activities were compared to cis-platin as a positive control. Our result showed that both compounds had better cytotoxic effect against BC cell lines than cis-platin in particular in the case of triple negative subtype. These results suggest these compounds as potentially valuable agents for treatment of breast cancer patients

Struggle with Self in the Direct Quotations of Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair in Asrar al-Tawhid

One of the topics that has long received attention in our religious Quranic verses, and narrations, and has consequently found its way into our literary and mystical texts, is the subject of self-struggle. Examining Direct Quotes (DS) is one way of representing speech and thought. Asrar al-Tawhid, the subject of which is the sayings and states of Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, the prominent mystic of the fourth and fifth centuries (357-440), was written by one of his descendants named Muhammad ibn Munawwar. The book contains the accounts and statements either directly attributed to Abu Sa’id or reported by others about him, and includes important topics in Sufism. In this study, we aim to study the dial

Effects of repeated anesthesia by thiopental in neonatal period on PTZ-induced convulsions and pain responses during maturation in rats

Introduction: General anesthetics during critical periods of brain development may cause some seriousmalformations or side effects. Anesthetic drugs can involve in the brain development and synaptogenesis atthe critical period of development. There are some controversy with regards the effects of(neurodegenerative or neuroprotective) barbiturates on brain. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the possible relation between repeated induced thiopental (a GABAA agonist) anesthesia at thepostnatal period and pentylentetrazol-induced convulsions and pain responses in adult in the Wistar rats.Materials and methods: 40 male neonate rats were divided into experimental and sham groups. Theexperimental group (n=20) was deeply anesthetized with thiopental (30 mg/kg daily) during 10 to 20-daysof post- natal period and physiologic serum was used for sham animals. After maturation of male rats, thePTZ-induced seizures were induced by daily interapritoneally injection of PTZ (45 mg/kg), and thelatency of the appearance of generalized epileptiform behaviors was recorded. Pain responses were alsoevaluated using tail-flick and formalin tests.Results: No significant differences were found in the lantency of the appearance of behaviouralconvulsions and pain sensitivity between experimental and sham groups.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that prior exposure to thiopental during nenonatal stage has no effectson PTZ-induced seizures and also pain responses after maturation. Developmental compensatorymechanisms may protect the brian against the possible damage that induced by repeated thipopental duringneonatal period

A modified modeling approach and a heuristic procedure for the multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with activity splitting

This paper presents a new heuristic method for solving multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problems with renewable resources. Assumptions such as resource vacation and activity splitting are also considered. The proposed heuristic determines one mode for the execution of each activity first, so that the multi-mode problem is reduced to a single-mode one. Our method is compared to two of the existing methods in terms of computational time and solution quality. The results show that while it can outperform one of them (especially as the size of the problem grows), it is outperformed by the other for tested instances with low complexity, but can yield good results for tested instances with higher values of this parameters. This quality may be useful in real-world scheduling problems. We also validate the first phase of our method, i.e., mode selection, with numerical experiments. Our results indicate that better mode vectors selected in the first phase lead to better makespans for the MRCPSP. Moreover, we correct some erroneous constraints in the mathematical model of the problem. We implement the mathematical programming model of the problem in GAMS, and show that solving it to optimality requires much more computational effort compared to our method

Food insecurity, body mass index, socio-economic status, and food intake in lactating and non-lactating mothers with children under two years

Abstract Background food insecurity (FI) is considered as an essential public health problem which may have detrimental effects on people’s health. The aim of present study was to evaluate FI, body mass index, quantity and quality of food intake in lactating and non-lactating mothers with children under two years. Methods in this cross-sectional study 307 mothers (237 lactating and 70 non-lactating) were participated. Socio-economic and demographic information were gathered by questionnaires. FI of families was evaluated by the questionnaire of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security. For assessing quality and quantity of food intake of mothers, dietary diversity score (DDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were calculated. Weight and height of participants were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Finally, Chi-squared test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results in this study the rate of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity in mothers was 0.3%, 39.2%, 42.3%, and 18.2%, respectively. Among the determinants of BMI, household food security status had the greatest effect (Beta=-1.584, P < 0.001) and mother age had the least effect (Beta = 0.101, P = 0.013). Mother’s occupational and educational status, having facilities, physiological status of mother, and house size had significant correlation with NAR. Mother’s occupational and educational status, and having facilities had significant relationship with DDS, too. Also, the significant correlation of Mother’s education, having facilities, and physiological status of mother with DQI-I were found. Conclusions we found that Household food security status had the most effect on BMI of mothers. In this study, the best nutrient adequacy and dietary diversity were found in the obese group and the most diet quality was found in the normal weight group

Relationship between Moral Sensitivity and Moral Intelligence in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Background and purpose: Nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) are sometimes faced with ethical decision making which requires ethical sensitivity and moral intelligence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral sensitivity and moral intelligence in nurses working in intensive care units. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 112 nurses working in adult ICUs who were selected by census sampling in Amol, Iran 2019. The Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Moral Intelligence Questionnaire were administered and data were analyzed applying descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: No significant relationship was found between moral intelligence and moral sensitivity (r= 0.14, P= 0.15). But, there was a significant positive relationship between moral intelligence and the dimension of knowing how to communicate with the patient as one of the areas of moral sensitivity (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to current study, high levels of moral intelligence would help nurses in having better relationships with patients. Therefore, developing appropriate programs are suggested to improve ethical sensitivity in nurses

Determinants and consequences of food insecurity in families having children under the age of 2 years

Background: Today, food insecurity is recognized as an important public health problem that can have detrimental effects on families. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the determinants and consequences of food insecurity in families having children under the age of 2 years. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 307 mothers and their children under the age of 2 years were selected by stratified random sampling. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected by completing questionnaires through face-to-face interview. Household food insecurity (HFI) status was determined using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) household food security questionnaire. Results: Based on the results, 67.4% of families were high food secure. Low and very low food security was 25.7% and 6.9%, respectively. House size (Beta = −0.019, 95% CI: −0.029, −0.009), father's job (Beta = −4.758, 95% CI:−6.777, −2.738), father education (Beta = −0.370, 95% CI: −0.717, −0.023), and economic status (Beta = −0.628, 95% CI: −0.809, −0.448) were significantly related to the USDA total food insecurity score (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that children birth weight, father’s body mass index (BMI), and mother's waist circumference had a significant positive correlation with weight for age (Z-score) of children. Children’s birth weight, father’s BMI, and HFI status had significant and positive correlation with weight for length (Z-score). Moreover, the significant association between children’s birth height, mother’s BMI, and mother's waist circumference with length for age (Z-score) were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found the father's job was the most effective factor in food insecurity and economic status of the family was in the second place. Also, HFI had a relationship with weight status of children under the age of 2 years