EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LIGHT SPECTRA ON FECUNDITY OF EPHESTIA KUEHNIELLA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

This paper examines the effects of different light spectra on the number of eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a general host of biological control agents. Six distinct spectra of light, ranging from 395 nm to 625 nm, were examined in laboratory conditions. Green and red spectra with ranges of 520-525 nm and 620-625 nm caused the highest and the lowest numbers of eggs, respectively. Additionally, the effects of time on the mean egg load of E. kuehniella were also found to be significant at five days. The implications of the current results are discussed below and suggest that the application of a green spectrum in insectariums could help in increasing egg production

Explain "Weakness" in Traditional Iranian Medicine

زمینه و هدف: مفهوم اولیه‌ای که از واژه ضعف برداشت می‌شود، حالت ناخوشایندی همراه با کاهش یا فقدان توان فیزیکی و ذهنی است که مانع فعالیت‌های معمول و مطلوب می‌گردد. ضعف با این مفهوم، پدیده شایعی است و اثرات جدی روی کیفیت زندگی فردی و اجتماعی دارد. امروزه حوزه سلامت، در زمینه تشخیص و تعیین علل ضعف با چالش‌های بسیاری رو به رو است. بررسی رویکرد طب سنتی با پشتوانه دانشی کهن، باب تازه‌ای را در تدبیر ضعف، به روی ما می‌گشاید. مقدمه این امر بررسی انواع ضعف و علل و اسباب آن در متون کهن طب سنتی می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه حاضر به صورت مروری در متون اصلی طب سنتی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار جامع نور با واژه کلیدی ضعف و ضعیف انجام گردید. جهت بررسی نظرات پژوهشگران عصر حاضر، موتورهای جستجو SID، PubMed، Magiran، Up to Date، Google Scholar Scopus و نوپا با واژگان کلیدی Fatigue و Weakness بررسی شدند. نتیجه‌گیری: ضعف در متون طب سنتی دو قسم می‌شود: 1ـ ضعف عمومی بدن؛ 2ـ ضعف عملکردی عضوی واحد. هر کدام از این دو قسم می‌تواند به طریق سرشتی، در فرد ایجاد یا به شکل اکتسابی، کسب شده باشد. انواع اکتسابی ضعف عمومی بدن، دارای اسباب و عللی هستند که در برخی موارد با اسباب ضعف در تک‌تک اعضا هم‌پوشانی دارند. Fatigue از نظر تعریف و علائم با ضعف عمومی بدن و Organ Failure با ضعف عملکردی اعضا در طب سنتی مطابقت دارد. با در نظرگرفتن اسباب و درمان‌های ضعف در طب سنتی می‌توان در مدیریت ضعف عام (عمومی) و خاص (عملکردی اعضا)، راه‌کارهای جدیدی ارائه داد.Background and Aim: The initial concept that is extracted from the term "weakness" is unpleasant condition with a reduction or lack of physical and mental powers that impede the normal and desired outcomes. Weakness in this concept is a common phenomenon and has serious effects on the quality of individual and social life. Today, the field of health is faced with many challenges in identifying and determining the causes of weakness. The study of traditional medicine with the support of ancient knowledge opens new horizons to us for weakness. The aim of this study is to investigate the types of weakness and its causes in the ancient texts of traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the main texts of traditional medicine using the "Noor" software by weak and weakness keywords. The search engines Up to date, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scholar and Scopus were reviewed with weakness and fatigue keywords. Conclusion: In terms of definition and symptoms fatigue and organ failure agree with general body weakness and functional weakness of organs. Considering the causes of weakness in traditional medicine, we can present new solutions in general and special (functional) weakness.   Please cite this article as: Nojavan F, Pourhosseini M, Ashouri A. Explain "Weakness" in Traditional Iranian Medicine. Med Hist J 2020; 12(43): 99-109

Medication Adherence and its Related Factors in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Angioplasty

Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and cardiac patient’s self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and the significance variables in univariate analysis were examined in a multi logistic regression model through considering co-linearity. Results: The results showed that 75 patients (28%) didn’t adhere to the medication. In addition, the majority of them were reported to have clinical anxiety (44.2%) and mild depression (55.8%). Also, based on the results derived from multiple logistic regressions, only the spouse's educational level and family history of coronary artery disease were significant predictors of medication adherence. Conclusion: The current study findings display lack of complete post-PCI medication adherence, which underscores the importance of the existence of cardiac rehabilitation systems in the society. Therefore, it is recommended that cardiac rehabilitation centers be built in the society

Diagnostic Value of Risk Nomogram for the Prediction of Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Vaginal Delivery

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is considered as one of the major causes of maternal mortality worldwide. The most effective risk factors have been suggested in various studies on risk nomogram for the prediction of PPH. Aim: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of the risk nomogram for the prediction of PPH. Method: This study was performed prospectively using diagnostic methods on 600 women admitted to Omolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from May to October 2017. The researcher measured and recorded the loss of blood volume in mothers using plastic blood collection bags and pads within 4 h after delivery. Subsequently, risk nomogram was completed for each study sample and the probability score for PPH was calculated by the researcher’s assistants. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 25). Ultimately, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of risk nomogram was plotted in this study. Results: The PPH occurred in 33.3% (n=200) of deliveries in this study. The area under the ROC curve was estimated at 81.2%. The point of 0.1 with 85.5% sensitivity and 51.5% specificity was also selected as the proposed cut-off point for this nomogram. Implications for practice: According to the results, the risk nomogram was considered as an appropriate method for the prediction of PPH. Therefore, it was recommended as a simple and noninvasive approach in childbirth for the prediction of PPH

Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Using Nanobone® and Easy-Grafttm Crystal: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

Maxillary sinus floor elevation is an effective method for bone augmentation in the posterior maxilla. Due to the limitations of autogenous bone grafts, bone substitutes are often used for this purpose. This study sought to compare the histologic and histomorphometric results of using NanoBone® and easy-graft™CRYSTAL for maxillary sinus floor elevation. This randomized double-blind split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on nine healthy patients requiring bilateral (n=18) sinus floor augmentation. Dental implants were placed six months after sinus floor elevation. Biopsy samples were taken at the time of implant surgery and analyzed using HistoMorphoMeter Ver.1.0 software. Histomorphometric analysis indicated that NanoBone® and easy-graft™ residues accounted for 32.71±10.39% and 26.61±9.48% of the bioptical volume, respectively. The amount of new bone formation was 25.29±7.29% and 18.69±5.63% in the NanoBone® and easy-graft™ groups, respectively. Paired samples t-test showed significant differences between the two groups in this respect (P=0.0001). Wellmineralized regenerated bone with lamellar parallel-fibered structure and Haversian systems surrounded the particles in both groups. Both tested materials yielded acceptable histological outcomes six months after surgery. NanoBone® caused superior new bone formation. Although longer follow-ups and larger sample size are needed, these preliminary results encourage further research in this respect

Histomorphometric and Histologic Evaluation of Nano-HA with and without PRGF in Bilateral Sinus Lift Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Positive results were reported after application of plasma-rich in growth factors (PRGF) in sinus elevation augmentations. Furthermore, PRGF products are available in different formulations and using them along with different graft biomaterials possibly induces bone formation and remodeling. This study assessed the histologic and histomorphometric results of NanoBone® biomaterial with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations. Materials and Methods: In this randomized split-mouth clinical trial, 10 patients who needed sinus floor elevation were selected and activated liquid PRGF was obtained through centrifuge of their blood. The space between alveolar process and sinus floor were filled with NanoBone® + PRGF (test site) or NanoBone® alone (control site) post-surgery. After 6 months, the implants were inserted in the regions and bone specimens were obtained using trephine burs. The sections were prepared by the standard techniques and bone remodeling was examined in both groups. The data were subjected to paired t test. Results: In case sites, the mean new bone formation percentages were 30.29%±8.54 and 30.84% ±6.76 in control sites. The mean remnant particles were 26.16%±10.03 and 26.18%±10.09 in case and control sites respectively. No significant differences were noted between case and control sites regarding mean new bone formation and remnant particles. Chronic inflammation was noted in all specimens with dominant range of 10-30%. The giant cells were evident and all specimens showed bones of lamellar and woven types. Conclusion: Although no significant differences existed between the sites filling using NanoBone® with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations, the results are probably related to the lengthy time periods for specimen preparation and the type of bone materials used. Conclusion was that PRGF did not induce bone formation in the aforementioned period of time

Quality indicators in the mobile industry rankings based on indicators of customer satisfaction with the hybrid approach DEMATEL and ANP appropriate strategy based on gray system

The quality of services as a vital element in the strategic competitiveness and commercial success are various methods have been developed to evaluate it. Prioritizing qualitative indicators based on the quality of mobile phone services enables the company gives top priority due to the higher percentage of satisfied customers provide. This study tries to customer satisfaction according to criteria to prioritize mobile operators pay qualitative characteristics. A sample consisted of 450 individuals (46% women, 54% men) from IRANCELL operator (Iran) in 2015 which selected randomly. Results shows between four considered strategies maximum priorities belong to S1 which is denote to more services beyond customer expectations

NATIONAL HISTORICAL EVENTS IN IRANIAN COLLECTIVE MEMORY

This study aims to investigate presence of nationalhistorical events in Iraniancollective memory. According to social theorists remembering is a socialphenomenon which occurs in social cadres. In Iranian social context, ethnicity,generation, religion and education are important social cadres of memory. 384national samples from three different ethnicities,Azeri, Gilaki and Kurd, werechosen by quota sampling. Results of survey indicated three social cadres ofgeneration, religion and education explained remembering national historicalevents and Iranian collective memory is basically rooted in national historicalevents rather than ethnic one. ‘The 1979 Islamic revolution’, ‘Iran’s oilnationalization and the following 1953 Iranian coupd’état’ from the last centuryevents and ‘Iranian constitutional revolution’, ‘Russo-Persian wars’ from prior tothe last century events are the most important national events remembered byIranian