Effect of vitamin D3 supplement in glycemic control of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency

Background: Glycemic control prevents microvascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy that influences quality of life. Some studies show the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D in synthesis and secretion of insulin. Aims: In this study we evaluate glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in children with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: In children with type I diabetes mellitus, level of vitamin D and HbA1C was measured. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency (25OHD 9.9. This supplement transfer patients toward better glycemic control for the entire group (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplement improves HbA1C in pediatrics with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All Rights Reserved

Stability assessment of tunnel face in a layered soil using upper bound theorem of limit analysis

© 2016 Techno-Press, Ltd. Underground tunnelling is one of the sustainable construction methods which can facilitate the increasing passenger transportation in the urban areas and benefit the community in the long term. Tunnelling in various ground conditions requires careful consideration of the stability factor. This paper investigates three dimensional stability of a shallow circular tunnel in a layered soil. Upper bound theorem of limit analysis was utilised to solve the tunnel face stability problem. A three dimensional kinematic admissible failure mechanism was improved to model a layered soil and limiting assumptions of the previous studies were resolved. The study includes calculation of the minimum support pressure acting on the face of the excavation in closed-face excavations. The effects of the characteristics of the layers on the minimum support pressure were examined. It was found that the ratio of the thickness of cover layers particularly when a weak layer is overlying a stronger layer, has the most significant influence on the minimum tunnel support pressure. Comparisons have been made with the results of the numerical modelling using FLAC3D software. Results of the current study were in a remarkable agreement with those of numerical modelling

Effects of Shear Wave Velocity Profile of Soil on Seismic Response of High Rise Buildings

There is, nowadays, a conspicuous demand for the high rise buildings in the high-density dwellings of the urban areas; in consequence, harnessing the whiz-bang numerical simulations plus conducting the rigorous experimental studies so as to design and construct such prodigious structures would be essential. Thus, the appropriate parameters for modeling the structure and the soil medium in the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) system should be selected. The soil-structure interaction is referred to the process in which the soil response is told on by the structure motion whilst the latter is affected by the soil motion. The current research zeroed in on the soil shear wave velocity and its influence on the superstructure performance. Invoking the weighted average shear wave velocity with the aim of calculating the soil shear modulus, which is closely related to the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil, has been a hotly debated issue since the aforesaid parameter was posited by a plethora of codes and regulations to obtain the soil site classification required for the earthquake design. To that end, the numerical model, having two assorted profiles associated with the shear wave velocity, namely, the in situ non-uniform profile (Case A) and the equivalent uniform profile (Case B), was built by means of FLAC3D, capable of analyzing the complex interaction issues via the direct method whereby the entire system of the structure-foundation-soil is modeled and analyzed in one single step. To put it in a nutshell, employing the weighted average shear wave velocity for the entire soil mass in parsing of the 3D seismic soil-structure interaction problems would be accused for ending up with somewhat unreliable results, e.g., underestimated drift ratio and building deformation, which might be the culprit of the damage to the building and possibly the death of the residents residing in the earthquake-prone zones

Characterization of Iranian grapevine cultivars using microsatellite markers

Sixty-two grapevine (Vitis spp.) accessions from Iran and the USA were characterized at 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci using fluorescent primers and a capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing system. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 4 to 16 and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.47 to 0.86. Genetic similarity was estimated for each pair of accessions as the proportion of shared alleles. A phenogram constructed from genetic dissimilarity values revealed three clusters, one each for table grapes, wine grapes and rootstocks. The phenogram also revealed three clonal sets (Askari, Bidane and Yaghoti) as well as some synonyms and homonyms among Iranian table grape cultivars.

The effect of combined conventional and modified ultrafiltration on mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic changes in congenital heart surgery

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with increased fluid accumulation around the heart which influences pulmonary and cardiac diastolic function. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) versus conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) on duration of mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic status in children undergoing congenital heart surgery. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass throughout their congenital heart surgery. Arteriovenous MUF plus CUF was performed in 23 patients (intervention group) and sole CUF was performed for other 23 patients (control group). In MUF group, arterial cannula was linked to the filter inlet through the arterial line, and for 10 min, 10 ml/kg/min of blood was filtered and returned via cardioplegia line to the right atrium. Different parameters including hemodynamic variables, length of mechanical ventilation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and inotrope requirement were compared between the two groups. Results: At immediate post�MUF phase, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) only in the study group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in time of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.004) and ICU stay (P = 0.007) between the two groups. Inotropes including milrinone (P = 0.04), epinephrine (P = 0.001), and dobutamine (P = 0.002) were used significantly less frequently for patients in the intervention than the control group. Conclusion: Administration of MUF following surgery improves hemodynamic status of patients and also significantly decreases the duration of mechanical ventilation and inotrope requirement within 48 h after surgery. � 2016 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Investigating The Frequency of Serrated Polyps/Adenomas and Their Subtypes in Colonic Polyp Samples

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Serrated polyps of colonic polyps samples in Hazrate Rasoule Akram Hospital over ten years. MATERIALS: The target group in this study was patients with colonic polyps in Hazrate Rasoule Akram Hospital. Pathologic evaluation of these patients was done. Serrated polyps, by location, gender, age and type of polyps were divided and frequency of them were determined separately. RESULTS: Of 381 patients studied, 224 (58.79) and 157(41.20) were males and females, respectively. Mean age of patients was 59.25 years. In initial diagnosis, frequency of Adenomatous polyp, Hyperplastic polyp and Mixed polyp were 92.44 and 5.33, and 2.22, respectively. In final diagnosis (Second evaluation), frequency of Adenomatous polyp, Hyperplastic polyp, Mixed polyp, Sessile Serrated Adenoma/ Polyp, Traditional Serrated Adenoma and SPU (Serrated Polyp Unclassifiable) were 90.44, 4.88, 2.44, 1.11, 0.66 and 0.44, respectively. 72.13 and 27.86 of polyps were low grade dysplasia and high grade dysplasia, respectively. According to the results of this study, the incidence of all types of polyps detected was more in men than women. Rectum and sigmoid were most abundant in the area polyp in both initial and final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Despite the low prevalence of Serrated polyps in patients, early diagnosis is the best action to reduce morbidity and mortality. Probability of the risk of progression from low grade to high grade dysplasia and transforming into Adenocarcinoma is high in Serrated polyps

Gastrointestinal manifestations and dynamics of liver enzymes in children and adolescents with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To improve the knowledge on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection, we aimed to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the dynamics of liver enzymes in children infected with COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic search of all the articles published up to May 2020 in the following databases: PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane. We chose the fixed-or random-effect model for analysis based on the I2 statistic. The included data were analyzed to identify the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting or nausea) and to identify the dynamics of liver enzymes in children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19. Results: We detected an overall prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms of 26 (95 CI: 0.18-0.35). The pooled prevalence of diarrhea and nausea/vomiting was 12 (95 CI: 0.08-0.16) with no heterogeneity (P = 0.19; I2 = 23.53) and 11 (95 CI: 0.05-0.17), respectively. The pooled prevalence of elevated ALT and AST and LDH was 12 (95 CI: 0.07-0.17), 14 (95 CI: 0.10-0.18) and 33 (95 CI: 0.12-0.54), respectively among the included studies. Conclusions: According to our systematic review and meta-analysis, 26 of the children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 present gastrointestinal symptoms. This paper has provided a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of digestive symptoms of COVID-19 and of the liver enzymes dynamics in children and adolescents. © 2020, Author(s)

The Impact of Low Advanced Glycation End Products Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Several randomized clinical trials have investigated the effect of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on metabolic syndrome risk factors in adults. However, the results of these studies were conflicting. Therefore, our aim was to assess the effect of dietary AGEs on metabolic syndrome risk factors. We searched the PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Databases, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases for papers published up to October 2019 that investigated the effect of dietary AGEs on metabolic syndrome risk factors. From the eligible trials, 13 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics and Cochrane Q test. Pooled results from the random-effects model showed a significant reduction for insulin resistance weighted mean difference (WMD): -1.204; 95% CI: -2.057, -0.358; P = 0.006, fasting insulin (WMD: -5.472 μU/mL; 95% CI: -9.718, -1.234 μU/mL; P = 0.011), total cholesterol (WMD: -5.486 mg/dL; 95% CI: -10.222, -0.747 mg/dL; P = 0.023), and LDL (WMD: -6.263 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.659, -0.866 mg/dL; P = 0.023) in the low-AGEs groups compared with the high-AGEs groups. There were no changes in the other components of the metabolic syndrome. The results of this review suggest that a diet with a low AGEs content has beneficial effects on insulin resistance, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and LDL. Moreover, following a diet low in AGEs may be a helpful strategy to decrease the burden of metabolic syndrome risk factors in adults and particularly in patients with diabetes. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition

Green chemistry and coronavirus

The novel coronavirus pandemic has rapidly spread around the world since December 2019. Various techniques have been applied in identification of SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infection including computed tomography imaging, whole genome sequencing, and molecular methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This review article discusses the diagnostic methods currently being deployed for the SARS-CoV-2 identification including optical biosensors and point-of-care diagnostics that are on the horizon. These innovative technologies may provide a more accurate, sensitive and rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to manage the present novel coronavirus outbreak, and could be beneficial in preventing any future epidemics. Furthermore, the use of green synthesized nanomaterials in the optical biosensor devices could leads to sustainable and environmentally-friendly approaches for addressing this crisis. © 202

Impact of soy milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Soy milk contains some beneficial components such as isoflavones which can exert favorable effects on the cardiovascular health. The current study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential effects of soy milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. Methods: Relevant articles published up to June 2020 were systematically retrieved from SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. In our study, we included all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of soy milk consumption on various cardiometabolic risk factors in adults (age � 18 years). A meta-analysis of the eligible studies was performed using the random-effects model. Results: The quantitative meta-analysis of 18 eligible RCTs (665 participants, age range 18�65 years) demonstrated that the consumption of soy milk significantly reduced systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P = 0.002) blood pressure, total (P = 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.041) cholesterol, waist circumference (P = 0.005), C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.016). Significant between-study heterogeneity was found for the pooled effect sizes of blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, the subgroup analyses indicated that the decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was more pronounced when soy milk was consumed for � 4 weeks. However, there were no significant differences between soy milk and control groups for the other factors, namely body weight, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting insulin, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen. Conclusions: The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that incorporating soy milk into the diet might favorably affect several cardiometabolic risk factors in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. © 2021 The Author