Feasibility and optimal design of a hybrid power system for rural electrification for a small village

A hybrid renewable energy system is at present accepted globally, as the best option for rural electrification particularly in areas where grid extension is infeasible. However, the need for hybrid design to be optimal in terms of operation and component selection serves as a challenge in obtaining reliable electricity at a minimum cost. In this work, the feasibility of installing a small hydropower into an existing water supply dam and the development of an optimal sizing optimization model for a small village-Itapaji, Nigeria were carried out. The developed hybrid power system (HPS) model consists of solar photovoltaic, small hydropower, battery and diesel generator. The optimal sizing of the system’s components for optimum configuration was carried out using Genetic Algorithm. The hybrid model’s results were compared with hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) using correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) to verify its validity. The results of the simulation obtained from the developed model showed better correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.001 when compared to that of HOMER. This will serve as a guide for the power system engineers in the feasibility assessment and optimal design of HPS for rural electrification

Global point-of-care ultrasound education and training in the age of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional global point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) education and training, as a result of travel restrictions. It has also provided an opportunity for innovation using a virtual platform. Tele-ultrasound and video-conferencing are alternative and supportive tools to augment global POCUS education and training. There is a need to support learners and experts to ensure that maximum benefit is gained from the use of these innovative modalities

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk–outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk–outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk–outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk–outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. Findings: Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7–9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4–9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7–6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8–6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8–6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0–4 years and 5–14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9–27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5–28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3–56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9–21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3–12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6–1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1–1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4–78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2–72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions

Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: the long view for healthcare

Not available

12th WINFOCUS world congress on ultrasound in emergency and critical care.

10.1186/s13089-016-0046-8Crit Ultrasound J8Suppl 112-complete

12th WINFOCUS world congress on ultrasound in emergency and critical care

Table of contents A1 Point-of-care ultrasound examination of cervical spine in emergency department Yahya Acar, Onur Tezel, Necati Salman A2 A new technique in verifying the placement of a nasogastric tube: obtaining the longitudinal view of nasogastric tube in addition to transverse view with ultrasound Yahya Acar, Necati Salman, Onur Tezel, Erdem Cevik A3 Pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery after cannulation of a central venous line. Should we always use ultrasound in these procedures? Margarita Algaba-Montes, Alberto Oviedo-García, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A4 Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization. A novel approach in emergency department Margarita Algaba-Montes, Alberto Oviedo-García, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A5 Clinical ultrasound in a septic and jaundice patient in the emergency department Margarita Algaba-Montes, Alberto Oviedo-García, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A6 Characterization of the eyes in preoperative cataract Saudi patients by using medical diagnostic ultrasound Mustafa Z. Mahmoud, Abdelmoneim Sulieman A7 High-frequency ultrasound in determining the causes of acute shoulder joint pain Mustafa Z. Mahmoud A8 Teaching WINFOCUS Ultrasound Life Support Basic Level 1 for Providers in resource-limited countries Abbas Ali, Alrayah Mustafa, Ihab Abdelrahman, Mustafa Bahar, Osama Ali, H. Lester Kirchner, Gregor Prosen A9 Changes of arterial stiffness and endothelial function during uncomplicated pregnancy Ajda Anzic, Paul Leeson A10 Cardiovascular haemodynamic properties before, during and after pregnancy Ajda Anzic, Paul Leeson A11 An old man with generalized weakness Maryam Bahreini, Fatemeh Rasooli A12 Ultrasonography for non-specific presentations of abdominal pain Maryam Bahreini, Houman Hosseinnejad A13 Introduction of a new imaging guideline for suspected renal colic in the emergency department: effect on CT Urogram utilisation Gabriel Blecher, Robert Meek, Diana Egerton-Warburton A14 Transabdominal ultrasound screening for pancreatic cancer in Croatian military veterans: a retrospective analysis from the first Croatian veteran’s hospital Edina Ćatić Ćuti, Stanko Belina, Tihomir Vančina, Idriz Kovačević A15 The challenge of AAA: unusual case of obstructive jaundice Edina Ćatić Ćuti, Nadan Rustemović A16 Educational effectiveness of easy-made new simulator model for ultrasound-guided procedures in pediatric patients: vascular access and foreign body management Ikwan Chang, Jin Hee Lee, Young Ho Kwak, Do Kyun Kim A17 Detection of uterine rupture by point-of-care ultrasound at emergency department: a case report Chi-Yung Cheng, Hsiu-Yung Pan, Chia-Te Kung A18 Abdominal probe in the hands of interns as a relevant diagnostic tool in revealing the cause of heart failure Ela Ćurčić, Ena Pritišanac, Ivo Planinc, Marijana Grgić Medić, Radovan Radonić A19 Needs assessment of the potential utility of point-of-care ultrasound within the Zanzibar health system Abiola Fasina, Anthony J. Dean, Nova L. Panebianco, Patricia S. Henwood A20 Ultrasonographic diagnosis of tracheal compression Oliviero Fochi, Moreno Favarato, Ezio Bonanomi A21 The role of ultrasound in the detection of lung infiltrates in critically ill patients: a pilot study Marijana Grgić Medić, Ivan Tomić, Radovan Radonić A22 The SAFER Lasso; a novel approach using point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate patients with abdominal complaints in the emergency department Youngrock Ha, Hongchuen Toh A23 Awareness and use of clinician-performed ultrasound among clinical clerkship faculty Elizabeth Harmon, Wilma Chan, Cameron Baston, Gail Morrison, Frances Shofer, Nova Panebianco, Anthony J. Dean A24 Clinical outcomes in the use of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonias Angela Hua, Sharon Kim, James Tsung A25 Effectiveness of ultrasound in hypotensive patients Isa Gunaydin, Zeynep Kekec, Mehmet Oguzhan Ay A26 Moderate-to-severe left ventricular ejection fraction related to short-term mortality of patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Jinjoo Kim, Jinhyun Kim, Gyoosung Choi, Dowon Shim A27 Usefulness of abdominal ultrasound for acute pyelonephritis diagnosis after kidney transplantation Ji-Han Lee A28 Lung ultrasound for assessing fluid tolerance in severe preeclampsia Jana Ambrozic, Katja Prokselj, Miha Lucovnik A29 Optic nerve sheath ultrasound in severe preeclampsia Gabrijela Brzan Simenc, Jana Ambrozic, Miha Lucovnik A30 Focused echocardiography monitoring in the postoperative period for non-cardiac patients Asta Mačiulienė, Almantas Maleckas, Algimantas Kriščiukaitis, Vytautas Mačiulis, Andrius Macas A31 POCUS-guided paediatric upper limb fracture reduction: algorithm, tricks, and tips Sharad Mohite A32 Point-of-care lung ultrasound: a good diagnostic tool for pneumonia in a septic patient Zoltan Narancsik, Hugon Možina A33 A case of undergraduate POCUS (r)evolution Sara Nikolić, Jan Hansel, Rok Petrovčič, Una Mršić, Gregor Prosen A34 The Graz Summer School for ultrasound: from first contact to bedside application: three-and-a-half-day undergraduate ultrasound training: résumé after two years of continuous development Simon Orlob, Markus Lerchbaumer, Niklas Schönegger, Reinhard Kaufmann A35 Usefulness of point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency room in a patient with acute abdominal pain Alberto Oviedo-García, Margarita Algaba-Montes, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A36 Use of bedside ultrasound in a critically ill patient. A case report Alberto Oviedo-García, Margarita Algaba-Montes, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A37 Diagnostic yield of clinical echocardiography for the emergency physician Alberto Oviedo-García, Margarita Algaba-Montes, Mayra Patricio-Bordomás A38 Focused cardiac ultrasound in early diagnosis of type A aortic dissection with atypical presentation Chun-I Pan, Hsiu-Yung Pan, Chien-Hung Wu A39 Detection of imperforated hymen by point-of-care ultrasound Hsiu-yung Pan, Chia-Te Kung A40 Developing a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for pediatric nurse practitioners practicing in the pediatric emergency department Sarah Pasquale, Stephanie J. Doniger, Sharon Yellin, Gerardo Chiricolo A41 Use of transthoracic echocardiography in emergency setting: patient with mitral valve abscess Maja Potisek, Borut Drnovšek, Boštjan Leskovar A42 A young man with syncope Fatemeh Rasooli, Maryam Bahreini A43 Work-related repetitive use injuries in ultrasound fellows Kristine Robinson, Clara Kraft, Benjamin Moser, Stephen Davis, Shelley Layman, Yusef Sayeed, Joseph Minardi A44 Lung ultrasonography in the evaluation of pneumonia in children Irmina Sefic Pasic, Amra Dzananovic, Anes Pasic, Sandra Vegar Zubovic A45 Central venous catheter placement with the ultrasound aid: two years’ experience of the Interventional unit, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, KBC Zagreb Ana Godan Hauptman, Marijana Grgic Medic, Ivan Tomic, Ana Vujaklija Brajkovic, Jaksa Babel, Marina Peklic, Radovan Radonic A46 Duplicitas casui: two patients admitted due to acute liver failure Vedran Radonic, Ivan Tomic, Luka Bielen, Marijana Grgic Medic A47 A pilot survey on an understanding of Bedside Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) among medical doctors in internal medicine: exposure, perceptions, interest, and barriers to training Peh Wee Ming A48 Unusual case of defecation syncope Nur hafiza Yezid, Fatahul Laham Mohammed A49 A case report of massive pulmonary embolism; a multidisciplinary approach Zainal Abidin Huda, Wan Nasarudin Wan Ismail, W.Yus Haniff W.Isa, Hashairi Fauzi, Praveena Seeva, Mohd Zulfakar Mazla