Standardization of Records in Orthodontics. Part 1: Static Photographs

Because of the greater usage of the photographic records in orthodontic clinics; in the present review, taking photographic records, standardization, problems, solutions and some practical information will be mentioned

Effects of Functional Anterior Shifting On Skeletal and Airway Structures

To compare the maxillary and mandibular skeletal structures and airway dimensions between anterior functional shifting and Class I control patients. This study was composed of 48 patients. The first group was consisted of 24 patients (male: 11, female: 13). Mean ANB value was 0.31 ± 3.49 and mean age is 13.52 ± 2.95. The second group was a skeletal Class I group, and consisted of 24 patients (male: 7, female: 17) and served as the control group. Mean ANB was 2.47 ± 2.27 and mean age was 13.99 ± 1.79. Eighteen cephalometric measurements were used to evaluate skeletal differences, and 14 measurements were used for airway dimensions. Two groups were compared with independent t test. Position and size of the mandible were not affected with anterior functional shifting. S-Go distance was smaller in anterior functional shifting patients (p<0.05). Hard palate - soft palate angle was statistically lower (p< 0.01) and soft palate length (pns-spt) was higher (p<0.01) in anterior functional shifting group. Inferior airway measurement (sbti-phwl) represented higher values in functional anterior shifting group (p< 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in Pns-ppw1 (p< 0.05), spl/sps (p< 0.01) and spl/Ips (p< 0.01) measurements. Patients with anterior functional shifting showed wider airway than Class I control group. Postnatal maxillary development deficiency may be observed in functional anterior shifting cases

Standardization of Records in Orthodontics Part 2: Craniofacial Imaging Techniques

Today, because of the greater usage of the two dimensional and three dimensional imaging records in orthodontic clinics; properties, standardization, and indications of these imaging will be mentioned in the present review.Imaging in orthodontics have great importance in diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment outcomes. Orthodontic imagines were divided into two separate categories: conventional or two dimensional and three dimensional imagines. In the present study, both methods will be discussed

Hızlı üst çene genişletmesi sonucu oluşan hava yolu değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı hızlı üst çene genişletmesi yapılan hastalarda hava yolu değişikliklerinin incelenmesidir.Çalışmanın materyalini hızlı üst çene genişletmesi endikasyonu konulan 25 hastadan 10erkek ve 15 kız oluşmaktadır. Ortalama yaş 14,64± 2,26 yıldır max: 18,64 ve min: 8,98 . Tedaviöncesi SNA: 79,52 ± 3,37º ve SNB: 77,51 ± 3,66ºdir.Tedavi öncesi T1 ve tedavi sonrası T2 alındansefalometrik filmlerde 14 hava yolu ölçümüyapılmıştır ANS-PNS-SPT, PNS-SPT, SPC-SPD,SPT-SPpp, PNS-PPW1, SPT-PPW2, SPL/SPS,SPL/IPS, sbti-phwl, PNS-Eb, Eb-Tt, GoGn-Hy,psp-phws ve sbtn-phwn . T1 ve T2 de oluşandeğişikler eşleştirilmiş-t testi karşılaştırılmıştır.Herhangi bir hava yolu ölçümünde anlamlıbir fark görülmemiştir P>0.05 . Ancak alt faringeal boşluğu gösteren SPT-PPW2 ve uvulaboyutlarını gösteren SPC-SPD ve PNS-SPT değerlerinde artış vardır. Hızlı üst çene genişletmesininnazal direnci azaltarak, nazal kapasiteyi arttırdığı,dolayısıyla solunumu rahatlattığı gösterilmiştirancak bu çalışmanın bulguları, hızlı maksilergenişletmenin havayolunda aynı etkiyi göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur.Sonuç olarak modifiye akrilik bonded hızlırapid maksillar ekspansiyon apareyi ile yapılanhızlı üst çene genişletmesinin, havayolu boyutlarında anlamlı bir değişiklik sağlamadığı tespitedilmişti

Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to identify the possible gender differences. CBCT images of 60 patients between 16 and 36 years of age were selected from 1400 sets of images in the database. Tomography was carried out using iCAT (R) (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, USA) and segmentation was carried out by using Mimics 10.1 software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). The tongue volume was calculated by using the volume of the voxels from the scan and the number of voxels selected for a given mask. Lower incisor crowding was measured with the Little's irregularity index and divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test were used at P < 0.05 level. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression model were calculated to determine the correlation between tongue volume and incisor irregularity. No significant gender dimorphism was found for the tongue volume (females: 28.13 +/- 8.54 cm(3) and males: 31.02 +/- 9.75 cm(3)). According to ANOVA, there was statistically significant difference in the tongue volume measurements among subjects with different levels of irregularity. Tukey analysis indicated that mild irregularity group (33.97 cm(3)) showed higher values for tongue volume than severe irregularity group (26.60 cm(3); P = 0.025). The relationship between incisor irregularity and tongue volume was evaluated for both genders and significant inverse correlation (r = -0.429; P = 0.029) was determined between lower incisor irregularity and tongue volume in males. In female group, no signifi cant correlation was determined between tongue volume and incisor irregularity