Late-time correlators and complex geodesics in de Sitter space

We study two-point correlation functions of a massive free scalar field in de Sitter space using the heat kernel formalism. Focusing on two operators in conjugate static patches we derive a geodesic approximation to the two-point correlator valid for large mass and at late times. This expression involves a sum over two complex conjugate geodesics that correctly reproduces the large-mass, late-time limit of the exact two-point function in the Bunch-Davies vacuum. The exponential decay of the late-time correlator is associated to the timelike part of the complex geodesics. We emphasize that the late-time exponential decay is in tension with the finite maximal entropy of empty de Sitter space, and we briefly discuss how non-perturbative corrections might resolve this paradox.</p

Evaluation of the status of use of chemicals and antibiotics in freshwater aquaculture activities with special emphasis to fish health management

The study was carried out to understand current status of use of chemicals and antibiotics in fish health management in freshwater aquaculture activities. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal like focus group discussion with fish and prawn farmers, retailers of animal medicine and representatives of pharmaceutical companies. A range of chemicals including antibiotics were found available in market. Fish health management and disease treatment were the major areas where majority of such chemicals have been used. Other uses included pond preparation and management, growth promotion and improvement of water quality to enhance pond productivity. Commonly found traditional chemicals in health management included Lime, Salt, Potassium permanganate, Sumithion, Melathion, Formalin, Bleaching powder and Malachite green. Of the new products JVzeolite, Geotox, Green zeolite, Orgavit aqua, Fish vitaplus, AQ grow-G, Oxy flow, Oxy max and O2-marine were most widely used compounds. Fourteen branded antibiotics were found in market of which Oxysentin, Renamox, Renamycin and Orgamycine were being widely used. Thirty three pharmaceutical companies were producing and marketing these products. The study also identified the problems associated with the use of chemicals which included lack of knowledge regarding use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and indiscriminate use of chemicals

Accelerated paths and Unruh effect:Finite time detector response in (anti) de Sitter spacetime and Huygen’s principle

We study the finite time response of an Unruh–DeWitt particle detector described by a qubit (two-level system) moving with uniform constant acceleration in maximally symmetric spacetimes. The D dimensional massless fermionic response function in de Sitter (dS) background is found to be identical to that of a detector linearly coupled to a massless scalar field in 2D dimensional dS background. Furthermore, we visit the status of Huygen’s principle in the Unruh radiation observed by the detector

Investigation on fish health and diseases in rural pond aquaculture in three districts of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to know the culture strategies and fish health and disease problems in pond aquaculture in Mymensingh, Bogra and Pabna districts of Bangladesh. Questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal tools like focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted with selected fish farmers. In total 90 farmers were interviewed and 9 FGD sessions were conducted. Most of the respondents practiced carp and pangas polyculture and they had disease problems in their ponds. Prevalence of fish disease varied with cultured species and locations. The most prevalent diseases as reported by the farmers were pop eye (57.78%), ventral reddening (55.55%), tail and fin rot (48.89), hemorrhagic lesion over the body surface (45.56%), dropsy (40%), gill rot (40%), white spot (40%) and epizootic ulcerative syndrome or EUS (33.33%). According to farmers opinion most susceptible species to disease was silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (57.78%); followed by mrigal, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (50%); catla, Catla catla (47.78%); sarputi, Barbodes gonionotus (47.78%); rui, Labio rohita (42.22%) and pangas, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (42.22%). Higher mortality was found in pangas (53.56%). Clinically, pangas, koi and sarputi were found severely affected. Most of the farmers used some treatment measures against disease problems. This study also highlited some fish health management problems in pond aquaculture. Further studies should include identification and characterization of pathogens involved in different types of diseases in pond aquaculture

PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOTOR BERTEKNOLOGI FI pada PT Daya Anugerah Mandiri

ABSTRAKGugun Gunawan, NIM. 3402150044. “Pengaruh Green Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Motor Berteknologi FI (Suatu Studi Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Galuh)”. Dibawah bimbingan Bapak Dr. H. Oyon Saryono, Drs.,M.M. (Pembimbing 1) dan Bapak Mujaddid Faruk, S.E.,M.M. (Pembimbing II)Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Pengaruh Green Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Motor Berteknologi FI (Suatu Studi Pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri)Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penelitian ini meliputi : 1]. Bagaimana green marketing pada perusahaan PT. Daya Anugrah Mandiri? 2].Bagaimana keputusan pembelian pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri? 3]. Bagaimana pengaruh green marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian motor berteknologi PGM FI pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri? Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis 1]. Green Marketing pada perusahaan PT. Daya Anugrah Mandiri. 2]. Keputusan pembelian pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri. 3]. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh green marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian motor berteknologi PGM FI pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik metode survey. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh digunakan analisis koefisien korelasi sederhana, Uji koefisien Determinasi dan Uji Hipotesis menggunakan Uji Signifikasi (Uji t).Hasil dari penelitian dan pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa  green marketing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT Daya Anugrah Mandiri dengan besar pengaruh 11,56% dan sisanya 88,44% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.Diharapkan PT. Daya Anugrah Mandiri mempertahankan green marketing pada keputusan pembelian sehingga akan meningkatkan pembeliannya, namun demikian perusahaan perlu lebih memperhatikan peningkatan kedepannya.Kata Kunci : Green Marketing, Keputusan Pembelian, dan Manajemen Pemasara

Awareness and risk burden of glaucoma among adults in selected rural and urban communities of Kwara State, North – Central Nigeria

Glaucoma-related blindness constitutes a major public health problem. In addition to the high risk burden, inadequate awareness and late diagnosis have been attributed as the major causes of blindness in glaucoma. This study aimed to assess and compare the awareness and risk burden of glaucoma among adults in selected rural and urban communities of Kwara State, Nigeria.This study was a cross-sectional comparative study. The respondents were selected through multi-stage sampling technique.  Interviewer- administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 15. Level of statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05.Less than a quarter, 109 (24.2%), of the rural respondents are aware of glaucoma compared with almost half, 212 (46.1%) of the urban respondents (p&lt;0.001). More than three-quarters, 187 (88.2%), of the urban respondents in the age group 40-59 years had awareness of glaucoma compared with older respondents (p&lt;0.05).There were more hypertensive subjects in the urban compared with the rural areas (OR=0.2; 95%CI=0.14-0.26; p&lt;0.001). More than three quarters, 339 (75.3%), of the rural respondents had complete eye exam more than two years ago compared with the urban respondents (OR=2.7; 95%CI=2.0-3.6; p&lt;0.001).Inadequate awareness and high risk burden of glaucoma have been demonstrated among the respondents in both rural and urban communities in this study. This gap is inimical to the efforts towards reduction of burden of glaucoma-related blindness. There is need for the Government to scale-up efforts at increasing the awareness of the public and institute measures to reduce risk burden of glaucoma. Keywords: Glaucoma, awareness, risk burden, Nigeri