Fostering Connection Through Ecological Identity: Expanding Colonial Concepts of Outdoor Adventures

How can I foster ecological identity? Defining ecological identity as a sense of awareness of how one relates with nature, and identity as an ecological being that is nature, this action research project will explore the ways in which people connect to the natural world through everyday moments. In understanding that the foundations, practices, and industry messaging of the outdoors can be exclusive and perpetuate systems of oppression, I am seeking to expand the notion of what nature connection can be. The hope is to create more accessible, inclusive, and equitable outdoor education practices. Research design included a survey and short, accessible nature activities. The nine participants offered feedback as to ways they felt their connection to nature was inhibited, which could be incorporated into changes in program design and language within Outdoor Education. Keywords: connection, nature, ecological, identit

How Retrospective Miscue Analysis Might Impact a Child\u27s Understanding of the Reading Process

This study seeks to answer the following questions: How might Retrospective Miscue Analysis impact a child\u27s understanding of the reading process? 1. How might RMA impact a student\u27s perceptions of himself/herself as a reader? 2. How might the student\u27s definition of reading change throughout the process? 3. How might the student\u27s comprehension of text be impacted by the implementation of multiple RMA sessions?4. What strategies and language might the child begin to use as he/she progresses through the RMA sessions

Don’t DIS my ABILITY: Expansion of Minority Stress Theory for Adults with Learning Disabilities

Since the multicultural movement, disability theorists have called to understand disability as a marginalized and socially constructed identity (Olkin, 2002). The current study aimed to adopt this approach with individuals diagnosed with learning disabilities (LD) to assess the psychological ramifications of LD stigma and discrimination. Previous work has begun to explore the links between LD discrimination and psychological health (Geiger & Brewster, 2018); however, the role of mediating variables remains unexplored. The current study applied Minority Stress Theory (Meyer, 1995, 2003) with a national sample of 227 adults with LDs to assess the potential mediating roles LD-specific minority stressors have on the relationship between LD discrimination and psychological distress grounded in the integrative mediation framework (Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Through bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling, the study examined relations between five variables: one distal stressor (i.e., LD discrimination), and three proximal stressors (i.e., expectations of LD stigma, internalized LD stigma, concealment of LD identity) with mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress). Results provide support for the adaptation of minority stress theory with adult LD populations through model fit, in addition to support from hypothesized bivariate correlations between variables of interest. Findings indicate partial support for direct effects, with LD discrimination demonstrating the most robust effect on psychological distress and all three proximal stressors. In terms of mediating variables, findings do not support the three hypothesized indirect effects of proximal stressors. Clinical, theoretical, and research implications and future directions are explored

Characterisation and Reaction Studies of Supported Metal Catalysts

A series of silica-, molybdenum trioxide- and tungsten trioxide-supported platinum catalysts (1.1% w/w metal) have been prepared by impregnation of the appropriate oxide support with an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid. Series of silica-, molybdenum trioxide-, and tungsten trioxide-supported rhodium catalysts (1.5% w/w metal) have been prepared by impregnation using either aqueous rhodium (III) nitrate or aqueous rhodium (III) chloride solutions. Each of the catalysts has been characterised by a) temperature programmed reduction, b) chemisorption and temperature programmed desorption of carbon monoxide, to determine variations in the nature of the chemisorbed state of carbon monoxide and the metal areas of the different catalysts, c) thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, to obtain information relevant to the chemical nature of the supported salt and its mode of reduction, and d) physical adsorption of nitrogen to determine total surface areas, to obtain information regarding the influence of (i) the support and (ii) the metal salt precursor on the physical and chemical characteristics of the catalyst. Evidence for an effect of both of these variables has been found. Thus, differences have been observed in the temperature programmed reduction profiles and hence in the reduction/activation temperatures of the catalysts, and in the metal areas, and hence dispersions, as determined by carbon monoxide chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and temperature programmed reduction have shown that in both the molybdenum trioxide- and tungsten trioxide-supported metals hydrogen bronze formation occurs. The composition of these hydrogen bronzes have been determined as: Pt/MoO3(a) → H0.9MoO3 by T.G.A., H0.3MoO3 by T.P.R. Pt/WO3(a) → H0.3WO3 by T.P.R. Rh/MoO3(b) →H0.3MoO3 by T.P.R. Rh/WO3(b) → H0.7WO3 by T.P.R. Rh/MoO3(c) → H0.7MoO3 by T.G.A. and by T.P.R. Rh/WO3(c) → H0.36 WO3 by T.P.R. where (a), (b) and (c) denote catalysts prepared using chlroplatinic acid, rhodium(III) nitrate and rhodium(IH) chloride, respectively. Temperature programmed reaction studies of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over the supported platinum catalysts and molybdenum trioxide-supported rhodium have shown that the molybdenum trioxide-supported catalysts are particularly good for the methanation reaction and have provided strong evidence for the existence of metal-support inter- actions with this particular support. Buta-1,3-diene hydrogenation studies over the various catalysts have shown that whilst the selectivity is dependent upon the support, the metal and the metal salt precursor, the distribution of the three isomeric n-butenes formed as initial products is, particularly with rhodium, almost independent of the nature of the support and the metal salt precursor used in the preparation. Analysis of the pressure fall against time curves and of variations in the activity of the catalyst as a function of catalyst usage provide indirect evidence for the formation of surface carbonaceous residues and their involvement in the reaction. Deactivation of each of the catalysts during usage has a greater effect on the rate of butene hydrogenation than on the rate of buta-1,3-diene hydrogenation, as witnessed by the disappearance of the acceleration point in the pressure/time curves. The product distributions and their variations with conversion and temperature, activation energies and kinetic orders are interpreted in terms of a mechanism in which (i) but-2-ene formation occurs by both 1,4-addition of hydrogen to adsorbed buta-1,3-diene and by the subsequent isomerisation of but-l-ene formed by 1,2-addition and (ii) the formation of n-butane by a direct route not involving the intermediate formation of butenes. Examination of the turnover frequencies for buta-1,3-diene hydrogenation shows that the activities decrease in the order: (i) Pt/WO3(a) >Pt/MoO3(a) > Pt/SiO2(a) (ii) Rh/WO3(b) > Rh/SiO2(b) and (iii) Rh/MoO3(c) > Rh/SiO2(c) > Rh/WO3(c) although the metal particle sizes as determined by carbon monoxide chemisorption are in the order: (i) Pt/WO3(a) > Pt/SiO2(a) > Pt/MoO3(a) (ii) Rh/SiO2(b) > Rh/WO3(b) and (iii) Rh/WO3(c) > Rh/SiO2(c) > Rh/MoO3(c) suggesting that whilst the reaction is structure-insensitive in terms of metal dispersion, the support plays a significant role in determining the overall activity

Intragenomic conflict over dispersal

IIntragenomic conflict may arise when social partners are more related through one parent than the other, e.g. owing to individuals or gametes of one sex dispersing further prior to fertilization. In particular, genes originating from the former parent are favoured to promote selflessness and those originating from the latter parent are favoured to promote selfishness. Whilst the impact of patterns of dispersal on the evolution of intragenomic conflict has received recent attention, the consequences of intragenomic conflict for the evolution of dispersal remain to be explored. We suggest that, if the evolution of dispersal is driven at least in part by kin selection, then differential relatedness of social partners via their mothers versus their fathers may lead to an intragenomic conflict, with maternal-origin genes and paternal-origin genes favouring different rates of dispersal. As an illustration, we extend a classic model of the evolution of dispersal to explore how intragenomic conflict may arise between an individual’s maternal-origin and paternal-origin genes over whether or not that individual should disperse in order to ease kin competition. Our analysis reveals extensive potential for intragenomic conflict over dispersal predicts that genes underpinning dispersal phenotypes may exhibit parent-of-origin-specific expression, which will facilitate their discovery.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe