1,080 research outputs found
Hitoktatás a Csanádi Római Katolikus Egyházmegyében 1945 és 1956 között
1945-tĹ‘l Magyarországon is megkezdĹ‘dött a sztálini tĂpusĂş totalitárius rendszer kiĂ©pĂtĂ©se. Ennek egyik következmĂ©nye az lett, hogy elkezdĹ‘dött a törtĂ©nelmi egyházak nyĂlt ĂĽldözĂ©se. A rĂłmai katolikus egyház más, kelet-közĂ©p-eurĂłpai országokhoz hasonlĂłan az intĂ©zmĂ©nyeinek fenntartását szolgálĂł földbirtokainak legnagyobb rĂ©szĂ©t már 1945-ben elveszĂtette. A diplomáciai kapcsolata a Vatikánnal megszűnt. 1946-ban betiltották a hitbuzgalmi egyesĂĽletek működĂ©sĂ©t, az egyházi iskolákat Ă©s intĂ©zmĂ©nyeket 1948-ban államosĂtották, 1949. szeptember 5-Ă©n fakultatĂvvá tettĂ©k a hitoktatást, majd 1950-ben erĹ‘szakkal feloszlatták a szerzetesrendeket. Az egyházi javadalmakat elkobozták, az elvilágiasodás az állam minden rĂ©szĂ©re kiterjedĹ‘ propagandájának Ă©s a kĂmĂ©letlen ĂĽldözĂ©seknek köszönhetĹ‘en lassan kezdett elterjedni. Mindez nemcsak avĂ©gett törtĂ©nt, hogy a „Szentháromság-tant” letaszĂtva Sztálint Ă©s Rákosit ĂĽltessĂ©k a „trĂłnra”. A dialektikus materializmus szellemi áramlatát, a marxi Ă©s lenini elvek bevezetĂ©sĂ©t tartották követendĹ‘nek ahhoz, hogy a „nĂ©pi demokrácia Ăştján” egy másik, termĂ©szettudományos alapĂş társadalmat neveljenek fel Ă©s hozzanak lĂ©tre
Developmental anomalies and other pathological lesions of the sternum in a medieval osteological sample
We cannot often read about the developmental anomalies of the sternum in paleopathological literature (Brothwell 1965; Tóth and Buda 2001); medical publications on anomalies resulting in chest deformity based on recent population are also rare (Keszler and Szabó 1996). Fractures and inflammation of the sternum are fairly infrequent, and the symptoms of porotic hyperostosis caused by increased red blood cell production are seldom detected in osteological samples. Some developmental anomalies (e. g. sternum fenestratum, alterations of the xiphoid process) do not influence the function or physiological form of the chest, while others may change the shape and diameter of the chest causing difficulties in breathing and in heart function. Some genetic diseases, through the malfunction of the production of the connecting tissues’ basic substantia and fibres, necessarily entail changes in the shape of the sternum. In individuals suffering from Marfan syndrome, sternum excavatum, while in individuals suffering from Hurler- and Morqio-syndrome (and other mucopolysaccharidosis cases), pectus gallinaceum can be observed. Other sternum anomalies resulting from non-genetic factors also seem to run in the family, though how they are inherited is not yet known. An anomaly called synchondrosis sternii develops during postnatal life, and means that the originally cartilaginous sternebrea do not become ossified, there remain synchondrosis between the parts even through the whole lifetime. This, however, does not cause abnormal chest movement. In some cases, the fracture of the sternum may lead to serious respiratory disfunction, and the healing of these injuries without any surgical intervention is not guaranteed. The development of pseudo-articulations may also cause abnormal chest movement. Osteomyelitis spreading to other organs may prove to be dangerous, even fatal
The frequency of enthesopathies in the 14-15th century series of Bátmonostor-Pusztafalu
This study presents the frequency of enthesopathies in the osteological material of a medieval cemetery. The development of the phenomenon is explained as a result of the exerting way of living. The bony outgrows appear in the patellae and the calcanei the most frequently, and twice as much males are involved than females. The appearence of the lesions may be single, but in some cases multiple changes may also be seen on a skeleton
PROBLEM SOLVING SUPPORT BY THE MULTI-LAYER HYPERMEDIA MODEL
Hypermedia is a suitable tool to describe knowledge and to support the
problem solving process. Hypermedia nodes contain information elements and
links represent relations between them. The users of present electronic
materials, however, cannot modify the contents of the materials and include
their individual knowledge. A new hypertext model, called Multi-Layer
Hypermedia Model (MLHM) was developed to support the manipulation of the
presented knowledge. With applying this model, electronic materials can be
created that express writer´s as well as user´s knowledge and support the
problem solving process. When using HTML as the basic layer of the model,
the hypermedia system can expand the usability of HTML based materials
Enostosis (osteopoikylosis, bone islands) in medieval (14- 15th centuries) skeletons
Enostosis (i.e. osteopoikylosis, bone islands, etc.) is a focus of mature cortical bone within cancellous bone. Bone islands are often recognized on radiographic pictures taken for other diagnostical purpose. The authors examined x-ray images of 652 long bones and 44 innominate bones of 124 adult skeletons from the 14-15th centuries AD. Six cases of enostoses were recognized (2 innominate bones, 2 fibulas, 1 femur head and 1 tibia). The biggest alteration was 22x9 mm, while most of the bone islands were 2-5 mm in size. Histological examination was performed in two cases. Microscopical view of one case showed lamellar (cortical) bone; in the other case woven bone structure was found. Enostosis of archeological bones can only be diagnosed performing routine radiographic examination
A hazai vállalkozások alapĂtására, növekedĂ©sĂ©re hatĂł tĂ©nyezĹ‘k vizsgálata = The influential factors of start-up and growth of the domestic businesses
Az OTKA kutatás keretĂ©n belĂĽl kĂ©t kutatási irányt alakĂtottunk ki. EgyrĂ©szt egy 700 erĹ‘ssĂ©gű rĂ©tegzetten reprezentatĂv minta alapján a hazai kkv szektort vizsgáltuk. RĂ©szletesebben elemeztĂĽk a növekedĂ©s, a vállalati innováciĂłs stratĂ©gia, a HRM, a finanszĂrozás Ă©s a rendszerszemlĂ©letnek megfelelĹ‘en a komplex versenykĂ©pessĂ©g tĂ©nyezĹ‘it. A kapott eredmĂ©nyek alapján megállapĂthatĂł, hogy a magyar kkv szektor problĂ©mái nem a világgazdasági válsággal, hanem sokkal korábban elkezdĹ‘dtek. VállalkozĂłink jĂł rĂ©sze a fejlettsĂ©g magasabb fokához szĂĽksĂ©ges vezetĂ©si, menedzsmenti, innováciĂłs, egyĂĽttműködĂ©si, pĂ©nzĂĽgyi ismeretekkel nem rendelkezik. Gazdasági bajaink jelentĹ‘s rĂ©sze rövid távon nem orvosolhatĂł, a kilábaláshoz strukturális reformok szĂĽksĂ©gesek. A másik kutatási irány a GEM adatbázisa alapján kĂ©pzett komplex Globális VállalkozĂłi Ă©s FejlettsĂ©gi Index kialakĂtása Ă©s elemzĂ©se volt. RemĂ©ny van arra, hogy ez az index a vállalkozásmĂ©rĂ©s domináns mutatĂłjává válik. Az index kialakĂtásához kerĂĽlt sor egy olyan egyedi mĂłdszer a Szűk KeresztmetszetekĂ©rt TörtĂ©nĹ‘ BĂĽntetĂ©s mĂłdszerĂ©nek kifejlesztĂ©sĂ©re, amely a leggyengĂ©bb elemhez igazĂtja a többi tĂ©nyezĹ‘t. A mĂłdszertan alapfeltevĂ©se, hogy a vállalati teljesĂtmĂ©nyt a leggyengĂ©bb tĂ©nyezĹ‘ határozza meg, Ă©s ezt a gyengesĂ©get csak rĂ©szben kompenzálhatják más, ennĂ©l jobb elemek.. Ă–sszessĂ©gĂ©ben 22 tudományos közlemĂ©nyt publikáltunk, 16-ot angolul. 5 folyĂłiratcikk (3 angol nyelvű) Ă©s 2 angol nyelven megjelent könyv is kiadásra kerĂĽlt. | Within the OTKA, there were two major lines of research. The first research was about the investigation of the Hungarian SMEs based on a representative sample of 700. We provided a detailed analysis about the growth, the innovation strategy, the HRM, the finance and the complex competitiveness of the Hungarian SMEs. It has been proven that the problems of the domestic SMEs started much before the world wide recession. Our entrepreneurs did not posses the proper leadership, management, innovation, collaboration and financial skills. The problems cannot be improved in a short run, and structural reforms are necessary. The other line of research was based on the GEM data collection. We constructed a unique Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index, that could become a dominant measure of entrepreneurship. It is consistent with the major economic theories, unlike the previous indexes. For this index we developed a new methodology, called the Penalty for Bottleneck that adjust the elements to the weakest element of the system. The basic assumption of the model was that the performance of the system is determined by the weakest performing element. In sum, we have published 22 scientific papers, 16 was in English. Out of these there were five journal articles (three in English) and two books issued by Edward Elgar Printing House
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