Capital Structure and Market Power: Evidence from Jordanian Banks

This paper provides new insights into the way in which the capital structure and market power and capital structure and profitability are related. We used sample data of fourteen banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period from 2005 to 2008.We examine the dependent variable, which are expressed by total debt deflated by total assets, while the independent variables are Tobin Q, Growth, Profitability, Size, Ownership, Risk and Tangibility ratio. The OLS estimation results indicate that, at lower and higher ranges of Tobin’s Q, banks employ higher debt, and reduce their debt at intermediate range. This is due to the complex interaction of market conditions, agency costs, and bankruptcy costs. We also show the saucer-shaped relation between capital structure and profitability because of the interplay of agency costs, costs of external financing and interest tax-shield. We find that size tangibility variables have a positive influence both on capital structure and on the other hand on growth, while risk and ownership variables have a negative influence on capital structure.aknowledge, competitiveness, firm performance, knowledge-based theory

Capital structure and value firm: an empirical analysis of abnormal returns

This study investigates whether capital structure is value relevant for the equity investor. In this sense, the paper links empirical corporate finance issues with investment analysis. This study also integrates the Miller-Modigliani (MM) framework (1958) into an investment approach by estimating abnormal returns on leverage portfolios in the time-series for different risk classes. For most risk classes, abnormal returns decline in firm leverage. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple regressions are used to test the hold indicator significance. The results reflect that the designed measures are the negative relationship between returns and leverage could also be due to the market’s pricing of the firm’s ability to raise funds if need be. Further avenues for research in this area include examining the stock return performance of companies based on the changes in leverage of the firms relative to their risk classes. It would be particularly noteworthy to examine the rate at which the information content of said changes is incorporated in the share prices of companies as well as in their long run returns This study encompasses all non-financial firms across the five sectors that cover all the various classes of risk. This study investigates neither the determinants of multiple capital structure choices nor changes in capital structures over time. Our main goal is to explore the effect of capital structure on cumulative abnormal returns. This study also examine a firm’s cumulative average abnormal returns by measuring leverage at the firm level and at the average level for the firm’s industry. And also examine other factors, such as size, price earnings, market-to-book and betas.capital structure, agency cost, firm value.

The roles of intermediaries in the adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Electronic government (e-government) diffusion and adoption is a global topic that concerns many developed and developing countries worldwide. However, global efforts to provide e-services to different stakeholders (citizens) differ from one country to another in terms of readiness, challenges, adoptions and diffusions. These differences are due to the variation of technological, political, cultural, economic and social differences. A number of studies on e-government have focused on the technological, economic and political aspects of implementation, while others have examined factors that influence citizens‘ adoption of e-government services, such as availability, accessibility, usability, awareness and trust. This study will focus on the influence of intermediary roles played by third parties in helping diffusion and adoption of e-government. This study will use a qualitative research approach to reflect the roles of intermediaries on e-government realms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study will aim to address the research question, "What are the roles of an intermediary in adoption and diffusion of e-government services?" In addition, the study undertaken for this thesis will examine the most salient factors that determine adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia and validate the UTAUT model in the Saudi Arabian context, particularly focusing on intermediary organisations. This aspect of the study will use a quantitative approach using a survey to understand citizens‘ perspectives regarding intermediary and e-government adoption. The outcome of this study will create a conceptual model for studying e-government adoption in Saudi Arabia. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings will be discussed, offering recommendations for future research directions.This study is funded by the Ministry for Higher Education of Saudi Arabi

teachers' reported accounts on teaching grammar at kresna institute in pare

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the instructions, strategies, and media used by teachers who teach in the Planet English program at the Kresna Institute. This study used a qualitative research approach and methods and data collection techniques used through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used Creswell’s method which included collecting the data, reading and understanding all of the data, preparing and organizing the data, coding the data, and interpreting the findings. The participants in this study were two teachers who teach the Planet English Program at the Kresna Institute. There were several criteria to become a participant in this research. Among others, namely: a. teachers have extensive teaching experience, at least 3 years. b. the teacher has a good understanding of the material. c. teachers have good teaching skills. The information was obtained from the administrative staff at the Kresna Institute. The findings of this study indicated that 1) The instructions used were the delivery of learning objectives, providing motivation, and good communication or interaction. The instructions. The instructions were used to increase students' interest in learning. There were several things that the teacher does before the learning process begins. These were the delivery of learning objectives, providing motivation, and good communication or interaction. 2) The strategies used were the tutorial program, mapping and stepping, and weekly exams. 3) The media used were whiteboard and three-color markers. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that teaching grammar requires instructions, strategies, and media that are efficient and attract students' interest in learning. This is evidenced by Planet English graduates who have good grammar mastery. The researcher hopes that future researchers can use this research as a data source for further research on teaching English. The researcher suggests that future researchers examine from the student’s point of view about learning English, especially grammar.Keywords: Teaching grammar, instruction, strategy, medi

PELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/CSR) PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT (STUDI PADA PT BEURATA SUBUR PERSADA, NAGAN RAYA)

iABSTRAKPELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/CSR) PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT(Studi pada PT Beurata Subur Persada, Nagan Raya)Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala(vi, 67), pp., bibl., app.(Dr. Teuku Muttaqin Mansur, M.H)Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan peraturan pelaksananya melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 47 Tahun 2012 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan Perseroan Terbatas menyatakan bahwa setiap perusahaan di Indonesia wajib melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility). Hal ini bertujuan guna meningkatkan kualitas dan kehidupan yang bermanfaat, baik bagi perusahaan itu sendiri, komunitas setempat maupun masyarakat pada umumnya. PT Beurata Subur Persada adalah sebuah perusahaan industri yang bergerak dibidang pengolahan buah kelapa sawit dan merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang wajib melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Namun pada kenyataannya, PT Beurata Subur Persada yang berlokasi di gampong Babah Dua Kabupaten Nagan Raya ini belum melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan secara maksimal dan merata, baik kepada masyarakat maupun lingkungan sekitar. Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pelaksanaantanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibilit) PT Beurata Subur Persada kepada masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitar. Kemudian untuk mengetahui dampak pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan PT Beurata Subur Persada terhadap masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitar.Data dalam penulisan skripsi ini diperoleh melalui data sekunder dan data primer.Data sekunder diperoleh dari penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), yaitu dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari peraturan perundang-undangan, teori-teori dan buku yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari penelitian lapangan (Field Research), yaitu dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarairesponden dan informan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa, PT Beurata Subur Persada belum melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan secara maksimal dan merata, hal ini terbukti dari minimnya progam dan kegiatan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang dilaksanakan, serta masih adanya lingkungan yang kurang mendapat perhatian dari pihak perusahaan. Jika kita klasifikasikan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan ke dalam empat bidang seperti, bantuan sosial, penyerapan tenaga kerja, transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi serta peran lingkungan, maka hanya dari bidang penyerapan tenaga kerja yang secara maksimal telah dilaksanakan oleh PT Beurata Subur Persada. Sedangkan pada bidang-bidang lainnya masih sangat minim dilakukan dan kurang mendapat perhatian, sehingga hal ini dapat berdampak bagi masyarakat maupun lingkungan sekitar. Sudah seharusnya PT Beurata Subur Persada membentuk divisi khusus yang menangani dan mengawasi setiap kegiatan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, meningkatkan intensitas komunikasi dengan masyarakat dan aparatur gampong, serta adanya sanksi yang tegas terhadap perusahaan jika tidak melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility).MUHAMMAD FARIS AL-BADRI201

Citizens\u27 Acceptance of eGovernment Services: An Empirical Study of Medina City

Many governments over the world have adopted information communication technologies (ICT) and associated benefits to facilitate improved and more efficient services to citizens. One famous channel of these revolutions is the use of internet facilities to offer online public services to stakeholders (particularly citizens). This channel has been increasing rapidly in recent times with the introduction of electronic government (e-government). However, the success of these initiatives, including e-government, will depend largely on user (citizen) access of e-services, availability of web sites, and high level of security and protection of citizens’ privacy. This paper aims to examine the Saudi citizens\u27 perspective of e-government systems in Medina city in the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia

ENHANCING MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF OMAN

The Gulf of Oman faces significant challenges to maritime security, jeopardizing the stability and prosperity of the Western Indian Ocean region. These challenges, such as piracy, illicit drug trafficking, weapons smuggling, and attacks on merchant vessels, contribute to a complex security landscape and disrupt freedom of navigation. This research investigates the underlying factors driving naval malign activities in the region, emphasizing the role of regional rivalries in provoking maritime threats. Focusing on Oman, this research provides a strategic framework for enhancing maritime security in the Gulf of Oman, drawing insights from international best practices and lessons learned. A central theme emphasizes the imperative of enhancing maritime domain awareness by unifying the efforts of multinational task forces, signing bilateral agreements between Oman and its partners, increasing maritime patrols by the Royal Navy of Oman, and enhancing regional cooperation. These proposed strategies align with broader imperatives for regional stability and economic resilience.Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.Commander, Royal Navy of Oma