24 research outputs found

    Effets à 3 mois du changement de l'insulinothérapie par le liraglutide chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 (résultats intermédiaires) /

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    AprĂšs une escalade thĂ©rapeutique plus ou moins rapide, l'insulinothĂ©rapie instaurĂ©e dans le cadre du traitement du diabĂšte de type 2 permet une amĂ©lioration de l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique. Elle peut cependant induire une prise de poids qui n'est pas souhaitĂ©e pour le patient, dĂ©jĂ  en surpoids ou obĂšse. L'apparition sur le marchĂ© des analogues du GLP-1 agissant sur l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique et induisant une perte de poids, apportent l'espoir d'amĂ©liorer la prise en charge des patients diabĂ©tiques de type 2. L'objet de ce travail est de mesure l'efficacitĂ© d'une substitution Ă  l'insulinothĂ©rapie d'un traitement par incrĂ©tines (liraglutide), chez des patients diabĂ©tiques de type 2 adultes, en surpoids ou obĂšses, et insuffisamment contrĂŽlĂ©s au niveau glycĂ©mique par l'association antidiabĂ©tiques oraux et insuline. Il s'agit d'une Ă©tude prospective descriptive et analytique, non randomisĂ©e, portant actuellement sur 13 patients (40 patients au total seront inclus dans l'Ă©tude), diabĂ©tiques de type 2 ayant une HbA1c >= 7% et ayant un IMC >= 25 kg/m , recevant initialement un traitement par antidiabĂ©tiques oraux et insuline. Le critĂšre principal est la diminution de 1% de l'hĂ©moglobine glycosylĂ©e Ă  3 mois du changement de traitement. Les critĂšres secondaires sont les variations cliniques (pression artĂ©rielle), anthropomĂ©triques (poids, indice de masse corporelle, rĂ©partition masse grasse/masse maigre) et biologiques (glycĂ©mie, bilan lipidique, bilan hĂ©patique, albuminĂ©mie, prĂ©albuminĂ©mie, uricĂ©mie, ferritinĂ©mie, fonction rĂ©nale, peptide C urinaire) Ă  3 mois du changement de traitement. Cette thĂšse prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires de l'Ă©tude. 10 patients ont terminĂ©s l'Ă©tude Ă  3 mois. 3 patients ont Ă©tĂ© exclus pour augmentation des glycĂ©mies entre 48h et 1 mois du relais de l'insuline par le liraglutide. Les rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires ne montrent pas de variation significative de l'hĂ©moglobine glycosylĂ©e. Il est par contre observĂ© une perte de poids liĂ©e Ă  la perte significative de masse grasse sans perte de masse maigre. A ce jour, cette Ă©tude n'a pas montrĂ© de diffĂ©rence significative en terme d'efficacitĂ© sur l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique entre l'insulinothĂ©rapie et son changement par le liraglutide sur une durĂ©e de 3 mois. Elle a par contre montrĂ© une efficacitĂ© de ce changement thĂ©rapeutique sur la perte de poids et de la masse grasse sans perte de masse maigre. Ces rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires suggĂšrent que l'association insuline et analogue GLP1 pourrait ĂȘtre une alternative pour le contrĂŽle glycĂ©mique et le bĂ©nĂ©fice sur le poids (prescription non autorisĂ©e en France Ă  ce jour).CLERMONT FD-BCIU-SantĂ© (631132104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Poor dental condition is a factor of imbalance of the nutritional status at the outset of management of head and neck cancer

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    International audienceObjectives To determine whether deterioration of dental condition at the outset of management of head and neck cancer (HNC) is a nutritional risk and whether social deprivation is a cause of the poor dental condition observed in HNC patients. Material and methods A nutritional assessment form (NAF) and the Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) were used to standardize the nutritional status of 108 patients at the outset of management of HNC (2017-2019). The NAF includes assessment of weight loss over the past 3 months, the amount and difficulty of food intake, and the presence of digestive disorders. Dental condition was assessed by the decayed, filled, and missing teeth acopre (DFM) index and the masticatory coefficient (MC). Dental status and social deprivation were correlated with the EPICES score. Results A correlation was found between the extent of weight loss and dental condition. The MC was higher in absence of weight loss (46% vs. 27%, p = 0.03) and the DMF lower when weight loss was less than 5% (22.3 vs. 26.9 if > 5% loss of weight, p = 0.005). No correlation was found between dental status and nutritional status. Social deprivation was associated with a lower MC (26% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). Conclusion Dental condition is a risk factor for weight loss at the outset of management of HNC but is not a determinant of nutritional status. Clinical relevance Dental condition is no longer considered simply as a source of potential complications after radiotherapy but also as an important factor for nutritional status

    Enhanced pain sensitivity in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is partially reverted by treatment: An exploratory study

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    International audienceObesity is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) and chronic pain. OSA as well as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may modulate the pain perception threshold (PT) in patients with obesity. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal study, all patients admitted for obesity assessment were screened for OSA by nocturnal polygraphy (SOMNOcheck Âź , IAH ≄10) and performed mechanical (Von Frey electronic device) and electrical (PainMatcher Âź ) pain tests. Those with severe OSA were retested for PT 1 month after initiation of CPAP therapy. Newly diagnosed patients with severe OSA (hypopnea apnoea index >30) have been offered to start CPAP treatment. Results Among 85 patients, there were 27 OSA patients, aged between 40 ± 13.2 years with a BMI of 42 ± 7.2 kg/m 2 . Severe OSA patients ( N = 11) showed a lower PT than non‐OSA patients ( N = 58) during mechanical (177 ± 120 vs. 328 ± 136 g, p < 0.01) and electrical methods (7.4 ± 6.4 vs. 12.9 ± 6.7 stimulation duration steps; p = 0.03). In the severe OSA group ( N = 7), an increased PT was observed 1 month after CPAP treatment during mechanical pain testing (298 ± 69 vs. 259 ± 68 g, p < 0.05), but not during electrical pain testing (11.5 ± 3.0 vs. 12.4 ± 3.8 stimulation duration steps, p = 0.50). Conclusion In patients with obesity, this exploratory study showed that the presence of an OSA is associated with a decreased PT, whereas implantation of a CPAP device tends to normalize pain perception

    L’obĂ©sitĂ© sarcopĂ©nique : causes et consĂ©quences

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    L’obĂ©sitĂ© sarcopĂ©nique est une nouvelle entitĂ© clinique caractĂ©risĂ©e conceptuellement par un excĂšs de masse grasse associĂ© Ă  une rĂ©duction de la masse maigre musculaire. Ce phĂ©notype corporel nĂ©cessite d’ĂȘtre dĂ©fini Ă  partir de critĂšres anthropologiques ou fonctionnels en raison de son impact mĂ©sestimĂ© sur la santĂ© et afin de mieux apprĂ©cier le degrĂ© de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de l’obĂ©sitĂ© au-delĂ  de l’IMC, celui-ci Ă©tant reconnu aujourd’hui comme un critĂšre insuffisant pour dĂ©finir cette maladie chronique aux multiples comorbiditĂ©s. Sa physiopathologie complexe implique les mĂ©canismes de la perte musculaire liĂ©e au vieillissement comme la rĂ©sistance anabolique aux facteurs nutritionnels, mais elle peut aussi rĂ©vĂ©ler un certain degrĂ© de lipotoxicitĂ© dont les effets sur le mĂ©tabolisme protĂ©ique sont en cours d’étude. Cette revue fait le point sur ce nouveau phĂ©notype Ă  considĂ©rer dans l’apprĂ©ciation clinique du sujet obĂšs

    Body Mass Trajectory Affects the Long-Term Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Severe Obesity

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    Independently of absolute BMI values, the amount, onset date, and duration of early body weight gain may influence cardio-metabolic health later in adulthood. Values of cardiac and metabolic variables from a cohort study of morbidly obese patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the association between early weight history and metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence in adults. Of 950 patients with severe morbid obesity (age 44.3 ± 13.8 y, BMI 42.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2), 31.4% had started excess weight gain in childhood (CH), 19.9% in adolescence (ADO), and 48.7% in adulthood (AD). Despite different BMI values, MetS prevalence (57.8%) was not significantly different in the three groups (54.4% CH vs. 57.7% ADO vs. 59.8% AD, p = 0.59). The overweight onset period was not significantly associated with the development of MetS in adults (ADO: OR = 1.14 [0.69–1.92], p = 0.60; AD: OR = 0.99 [0.62–1.56], p = 0.95) despite a higher BMI in the early obesity onset group. Weight gain of more than 50% after age 18 years significantly increased the risk of MetS (OR = 1.75 [1.07–2.88], p = 0.026). In addition to crude BMI values, analysis of body mass trajectories is a relevant clinical tool in the assessment of metabolic risk, suggesting that the magnitude of weight gain may be more important for metabolic syndrome progression than the period of obesity onset

    A Novel Smartphone Accelerometer Application for Low-Intensity Activity and Energy Expenditure Estimations in Overweight and Obese Adults.

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    Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are on the rise worldwide and contribute to the current overweight and obesity scourge. The loss of healthy life style benchmarks and the lack of the need to move make it necessary to provide feedback about physical and sedentary activities in order to promote active ways of life. The aim of this study was to develop a specific function adapted to overweight and obese people to identify four physical activity (PA) categories and to estimate the associated total energy expenditure (TEE). This function used accelerometry data collected from a smartphone to evaluate activity intensity and length, and TEE. The performance of the proposed function was estimated according to two references (ArmbandÂź and FitmateProÂź) under controlled conditions (CC) for a 1.5-h scenario, and to the ArmbandÂź device in free-living conditions (FLC) over a 12-h monitoring period. The experiments were carried out with overweight and obese volunteers: 13 in CC and 27 in FLC. The evaluation differences in time spent in each category were lower than 7% in CC and 6% in FLC, in comparison to the ArmbandÂź and FitmateProÂź references. The TEE mean gap in absolute value between the function and the two references was 9.3% and 11.5% in CC, and 8.5% according to ArmbandÂź in FLC

    eMouve : la 1Úre application scientifique sur smartphone pour promouvoir les activités de faible intensité et prévenir les maladies chroniques non transmissibles

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    L’inactivitĂ© physique et les comportements sĂ©dentaires sont impliquĂ©s dans le dĂ©veloppement des maladies chroniques. Le but de cette Ă©tude est de comparer la quantitĂ© et la rĂ©partition des activitĂ©s physiques et de la sĂ©dentaritĂ© dans 2 populations d’adultes normo-pondĂ©rĂ©s (NP) et en surpoids (SP). Les comportements ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s en utilisant l’application eMouve qui collecte des donnĂ©es d’accĂ©lĂ©romĂ©trie. Les algorithmes implĂ©mentĂ©s sur la plateforme ActivCollector discriminent prĂ©cisĂ©ment les comportements sĂ©dentaires et actifs en 4 catĂ©gories : immobilitĂ©, activitĂ© d’intensitĂ© lĂ©gĂšre, modĂ©rĂ©e et vigoureuse. Chez les personnes en surpoids, les comportements sĂ©dentaires durent plus longtemps (81.4% vs. 65 % de la pĂ©riode Ă©veillĂ©e), Ă  l’inverse le temps passĂ© en activitĂ© d’intensitĂ© lĂ©gĂšre est plus bref (15.4% vs 29.5 %). Les pĂ©riodes de sĂ©dentaritĂ© des normo-pondĂ©raux sont brĂšves (1-5 min) et frĂ©quentes, alors que celle des personnes en surpoids sont plus longues (15-30 min). Les pĂ©riodes d’activitĂ© lĂ©gĂšre de 1-5 min sont plus frĂ©quentes chez les SP alors que celles de 5-15 et 15-30 min sont plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es chez les NP. Ainsi l’évaluation des comportements Ă  l’aide d’une application mobile permet de diffĂ©rencier les 2 populations au regard de leurs profils de sĂ©dentaritĂ© et d’activitĂ© physique d’intensitĂ© lĂ©gĂšre

    Comment définir et diagnostiquer la dénutrition chez le sujet obÚse ?

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    National audienceUndernutrition in the obese patient, like the non-obese patient, has numerous clinical consequences and leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality, but it is still underestimated. It is therefore imperative to prevent, detect and manage it as early as possible especially in patients at risk or weakened by a chronic disease. However, the definition and diagnostic criteria for undernutrition in non-obese adult subjects are flawed due to the clinical, morphological and biological characteristics associated with excessive adiposity. In an area where there is no consensus, the aim of this review is to highlight the difficulties in assessing undernutrition in this circumstance and to clarify the parameters of undernutrition assessment and their limits in the situation of obesity.La dĂ©nutrition chez le patient obĂšse, Ă  l’instar du patient non obĂšse, expose Ă  de nombreuses consĂ©quences cliniques et aboutit Ă  un accroissement de la morbi-mortalitĂ© mais reste fortement sous-estimĂ©e. Il est donc impĂ©ratif de la prĂ©venir, de la dĂ©pister et de la prendre en charge le plus tĂŽt possible surtout chez les patients Ă  risque ou fragilisĂ©s par une maladie chronique. Cependant, la dĂ©finition et les critĂšres de diagnostic de la dĂ©nutrition destinĂ©s aux sujets adultes non obĂšses sont mis en dĂ©faut en raison des particularitĂ©s cliniques, morphologiques et biologiques liĂ©es Ă  l’adipositĂ© excessive. Dans un domaine oĂč il n’existe pas de consensus, cette synthĂšse a pour objectif de souligner les difficultĂ©s d’apprĂ©ciation de la dĂ©nutrition dans cette circonstance et d’apporter des Ă©claircissements sur les paramĂštres de l’évaluation de la dĂ©nutrition et leurs limites en situation d’obĂ©sitĂ©

    Body Mass Trajectory Affects the Long-Term Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Severe Obesity

    No full text
    Independently of absolute BMI values, the amount, onset date, and duration of early body weight gain may influence cardio-metabolic health later in adulthood. Values of cardiac and metabolic variables from a cohort study of morbidly obese patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the association between early weight history and metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence in adults. Of 950 patients with severe morbid obesity (age 44.3 ± 13.8 y, BMI 42.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2), 31.4% had started excess weight gain in childhood (CH), 19.9% in adolescence (ADO), and 48.7% in adulthood (AD). Despite different BMI values, MetS prevalence (57.8%) was not significantly different in the three groups (54.4% CH vs. 57.7% ADO vs. 59.8% AD, p = 0.59). The overweight onset period was not significantly associated with the development of MetS in adults (ADO: OR = 1.14 [0.69–1.92], p = 0.60; AD: OR = 0.99 [0.62–1.56], p = 0.95) despite a higher BMI in the early obesity onset group. Weight gain of more than 50% after age 18 years significantly increased the risk of MetS (OR = 1.75 [1.07–2.88], p = 0.026). In addition to crude BMI values, analysis of body mass trajectories is a relevant clinical tool in the assessment of metabolic risk, suggesting that the magnitude of weight gain may be more important for metabolic syndrome progression than the period of obesity onset
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