82 research outputs found
The role of corticosteroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review
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Previous issue date: 2008Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Hospital de São Francisco Xavier. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Médica. Lisboa, Portugal.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Introduction: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of corticosteroids on the outcomes of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We performed a systematic MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and CINAHL search (1966 to November 2007) to
identify full-text publications that evaluated the use of corticosteroids in CAP. Results: An initial literature search yielded 109 articles, and 105
studies were excluded after the first analysis. We found four studies eligible for analysis. On the basis of their results, the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in severe CAP should be categorized as a weak recommendation (two studies) and a strong recommendation (two studies) with either low- or moderate-quality evidence. However, no evidence of adverse outcomes or harm is present in the evaluated studies. Conclusion: According to the GRADE system, available studies do not support the recommendation of corticosteroids as a standard of care for patients with severe CAP. Further randomized controlled trials with this aim should enroll a larger number of severely ill patients. However, in patients needing
corticosteroids, it may be reasonable to conclude that corticosteroid administration is safe in patients with severe infections receiving antimicrobial therapy
O AMOR INCONDICIONAL NO CONTO “A CAOLHA”, DE JÚLIA LOPES DE ALMEIDA
A Caolha, conto escrito por Júlia Lopes de Almeida, reforça o estereótipo de mãe, no qual o amor incondicional está presente. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a análise dos mecanismos empregados pela autora, a fim de desafiar os paradigmas ainda hoje impostos à maternidade. Pautando-nos na crítica feminista, define-se como objetivo geral analisar a contestação dos paradigmas maternos, empreendida no conto em questão, e como objetivos específicos: a) compreender o relacionamento entre os personagens a Caolha e Antonico, e o amor incondicional daquela pelo filho; b) identificar as estratégias empregadas por Júlia Lopes, a fim de mostrar o quanto a mãe foge aos padrões da sociedade da época, uma vez que, além de ser mulher, cria seu filho sozinha, sofrendo diversas humilhações por parte de uma sociedade conservadora; e c) verificar até que ponto a maternidade pode ser considerada uma imposição e não um instinto. Para o cumprimento dos objetivos, será realizada a análise do enredo do conto, buscando-se elencar os elementos que representem o universo materno através da problematização da maternidade, tendo como referência o livro Um amor conquistado: o mito do amor materno, de Elisabeth Badinter, o qual possibilitará entendermos o amor incondicional da Caolha para com seu filho. Da mesma forma propomos analisar a situação da mulher presente na sociedade contemporânea conforme vista nos estudos de Adriana Piscitelli, assim como o preconceito sofrido por ela ao ter que criar seu filho sozinha.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: A Caolha. Maternidade. Amor incondicional.DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mgren.v7i1.153
A Field Guide to Pandemic, Epidemic and Sporadic Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
In recent years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) have become a truly global challenge. In addition to the long-known
healthcare-associated clones, novel strains have also emerged outside of the
hospital settings, in the community as well as in livestock. The emergence and
spread of virulent clones expressing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an
additional cause for concern. In order to provide an overview of pandemic,
epidemic and sporadic strains, more than 3,000 clinical and veterinary isolates
of MRSA mainly from Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Malta, Abu
Dhabi, Hong Kong, Australia, Trinidad & Tobago as well as some reference
strains from the United States have been genotyped by DNA microarray analysis.
This technique allowed the assignment of the MRSA isolates to 34 distinct
lineages which can be clearly defined based on non-mobile genes. The results
were in accordance with data from multilocus sequence typing. More than 100
different strains were distinguished based on affiliation to these lineages,
SCCmec type and the presence or absence of PVL. These
strains are described here mainly with regard to clinically relevant
antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated markers, but also in relation
to epidemiology and geographic distribution. The findings of the study show a
high level of biodiversity among MRSA, especially among strains harbouring
SCCmec IV and V elements. The data also indicate a high
rate of genetic recombination in MRSA involving SCC elements, bacteriophages or
other mobile genetic elements and large-scale chromosomal replacements
A Field Guide to Pandemic, Epidemic and Sporadic Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
In recent years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) have become a truly global challenge. In addition to the long-known
healthcare-associated clones, novel strains have also emerged outside of the
hospital settings, in the community as well as in livestock. The emergence and
spread of virulent clones expressing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an
additional cause for concern. In order to provide an overview of pandemic,
epidemic and sporadic strains, more than 3,000 clinical and veterinary isolates
of MRSA mainly from Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Malta, Abu
Dhabi, Hong Kong, Australia, Trinidad & Tobago as well as some reference
strains from the United States have been genotyped by DNA microarray analysis.
This technique allowed the assignment of the MRSA isolates to 34 distinct
lineages which can be clearly defined based on non-mobile genes. The results
were in accordance with data from multilocus sequence typing. More than 100
different strains were distinguished based on affiliation to these lineages,
SCCmec type and the presence or absence of PVL. These
strains are described here mainly with regard to clinically relevant
antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated markers, but also in relation
to epidemiology and geographic distribution. The findings of the study show a
high level of biodiversity among MRSA, especially among strains harbouring
SCCmec IV and V elements. The data also indicate a high
rate of genetic recombination in MRSA involving SCC elements, bacteriophages or
other mobile genetic elements and large-scale chromosomal replacements
Prevalência de morbidades e sintomas em idosos: um estudo comparativo entre zonas rural e urbana
Pattern and severity of early childhood caries in Southern Italy: a preschool-based cross-sectional study
Gastroprotective effect of the traditional herbal medicine, Sipjeondaebo-tang water extract, against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury
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