THE DOUBLE MOVEMENT IN POLANYI AND HAYEK: TOWARDS THE CONTINUATION OF LIFE

Karl Polanyi’s double movement is a dialectical process characterized by a continuous tension between a movement towards social marketization and a movement towards social protectionism. Notably, Polanyi condemns the former movement while defending the latter. Without using the term “double movement”, F.A Hayek’s theory of social evolution acknowledges the same phenomenon but reaches different normative conclusions. While for Polanyi the marketization of society is a utopia with dystopian consequences, Hayek’s evolutionary explanation of this dialectical process asserts that there is no alternative to a market oriented society. Both authors defend that their favoured movement is the one that truly supports the continuity of life. This article compares the authors’ normative readings of the double movement and concludes that, from an evolutionary perspective, Polanyi’s conclusion possesses a robustness that Hayek’s postulate lacks.O duplo movimento de Karl Polanyi é um processo dialéctico caracterizado por uma tensão continua entre o movimento a favor da comercialização social e o movimento a favor do protecionismo social. Notavelmente, Polanyi condena o primeiro movimento enquanto faz a defesa do segundo. Sem usar o termo “duplo movimento”, a teoria da evolução social de F. A. Hayek reconhece o mesmo fenómeno mas chega a conclusões normativas distintas. Enquanto que para Polanyi a comercialização da sociedade é uma utopia com consequências distópicas, a explicação evolucionista de Hayek conclui que não há alternativa a uma sociedade de mercado. Ambos os autores defendem que o seu movimento preferido é aquele que de facto suporta a continuidade da vida. Este artigo compara as leituras normativas que os dois autores fazem do duplo movimento e conclui que, de uma perspectiva evolutiva, a conclusão de Polanyi possui uma robustez que falta ao postulado de Hayek

The Borders of European Identity

UIDB/00183/2020 UIDP/00183/2020 UIDP/03122/2020Border crossing into the Western world is increasingly becoming a central political question in the beginning of the XXI century. Notably, the growth of populist forms of nationalism in parts of Western Europe and in the Anglosphere is joined by the strong nationalist stances of Eastern Europe’s governments that categorically reject non-European immigration. Overall, these political forces are united in their repudiation of the effects of globalisation, focusing their critiques on how global migration negatively impact national identities. Nevertheless, national-populism is more based on an instinctive reply against unwanted consequences than on a substantive doctrine. Hence, this article goes beyond national-populism and focuses instead on how the criticism of the liberal order is being articulated by identity driven forces, shedding light on their post-liberal visions of the future. Namely, it highlights the growing influence of the political philosophy of the Nouvelle Droite via the multiplication of identitarian movements in the Western world. It argues that border crossing into the West is strongly contributing to the rise of Europeanness.publishersversionpublishe

Naturalismo Moral

UIDB/00183/2020 UIDP/00183/2020O Naturalismo Moral tem uma longa história filosófica. Esta corrente ganha notoriedade no debate iniciado pelos sofistas antigos sobre se a moralidade é convencional ou natural. Convencional significa que é inteiramente construída por pessoas – é o que fizermos dela – e natural significa que é um produto da natureza – um produto que nos obriga a determinadas condutas. Aqueles que defendem a segunda hipótese pertencem à tradição da lei natural e como tal podem ser vistos como naturalistas morais. Aristóteles é por norma considerado o pai desta tradição. Ele defendeu a existência de uma justiça natural e inúmeros filósofos seguiram-no até hoje. Segundo esta tradição, viver uma vida virtuosa significa viver de acordo com a natureza das coisas ou da natureza humana. E a moralidade – a noção de certo e errado – pode ser encontrada no mundo natural através do uso da razão.publishersversionpublishe

As Direitas Parlamentares na Institucionalização da Democracia Portuguesa 1976-1980, de Riccardo Marchi

UID/FIL/00183/2013publishersversionpublishe

Libertarismo

UID/FIL/00183/2019 DL 57/2016/CP1453/CT0093publishersversionpublishe

Social Evolution as Moral Truth Tracking in Natural Law

Morality can be adaptive or maladaptive. From this fact come polarizing disputes on the meta-ethical status of moral adaptation. The realist tracking account of morality claims that it is possible to track objective moral truths and that these truths correspond to moral rules that are adaptive. In contrast, evolutionary anti-realism rejects the existence of moral objectivity and thus asserts that adaptive moral rules cannot represent objective moral truths, since those truths do not exist. This article develops a novel evolutionary view of natural law to defend the realist tracking account. It argues that we can identify objective moral truths through cultural group selection and that adaptive moral rules are likely to reflect such truths

A dynamical model for the fermentative production of fructooligosaccharides

In this paper a detailed mathematical model is presented for the fermentative production of fructo-oligosaccharides with Aspergillus sp. The model accounts for hydrolysis and transfructolization reactions, as well as biomass formation and it contains 27 parameters that were determined from experimental data using a System Biology toolbox with the Simulated Annealing method for curve fitting. Several additional experiments were performed in bioreactors where the time variation of 7 state variables (Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, 1-Kestose, Nystose, 1-fructosyl nystose and Biomass) was measured. Experimental data were compared with results from simulations using the estimated parameters and it was verified that the model can predict the FOS production profile. The good agreement between simulated and experimental data was verified by calculating the relative percentage deviation modulus, which was lower than 10% for all cases except one. The derived and validated model can be used for process optimization, for example for indicating which fed-batch strategy could be used to improve the production of FOS while minimizing glucose concentration

FREQUÊNCIA DO Vírus da Leucemia Felina (VLFe) em FELINOS DOMÉSTICOS (Felis catus) SEMIDOMICILIADOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PELOTAS E RIO GRANDE

Considerando a importância do VLFe na clínica felina, assim como a possível disseminação do agente a partir de um felino portador sintomático ou assintomático, o estudo tem como objetivo verificar a frequência de viremia pelo VLFe em felinos residentes em Pelotas e Rio Grande, municípios situados na região sul do Brasil. Para isso foi coletado sangue de 120 animais semidomiciliados para a detecção do retrovírus através da técnica de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Detectou-se a viremia em 38,3% (46/120) dos animais estudados, representando uma frequência maior em relação a outros estudos realizados no Brasil, o que confirma a importância deste agente na região estudada. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Felinos, imunofluorescência, retrovírus, VLFe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio