PREVENTABLE RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS: A STUDY IN SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders, (OPMDs) include a highly diverse forms of lesions and conditions with an increased risk for malignant transformation to oral cancer. The exact etiology of OPMDs is not fully understood yet, however, some preventable risk factors have been reported. The objective of this study is to recognize the correlation of preventable risk factors with OPMDs. Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. A total of 1340 patients were screened with 6.49% (n=87) showing OPMDS. All Saudi and non-Saudi patients above fifteen years of age having suspicious lesions were included in the study after evaluation. Results: The sample comprised 50 (58%) males and 37 (42%) females. Out of 87 patients, 75(86%) were Saudi and 11(14%) were non-Saudi. Buccal mucosa was the most common site for OPMDs (51.72%), followed by the tongue (31.03%). The results of our study reveal that the most prevalent age group was from 25 to 35 years followed by 36-45 years age group. Records of medical history showed that (3%) of patients had Type I Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes was observed in 16%, anemia in 10% and 2% had history of Hepatitis C. The highest number of OPMDs lesion was lichen planus (51%) followed by leukoplakia (19%). Smoking was found to be the most prevalent risk factor. Results showed that (11%) of OPMDs has soft tissue odontogenic trauma, (7%) of patients are on antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines, (19%) were multifactorial and (30%) reported with unknown etiology. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, we suggest that all general practitioners and physicians should have enough knowledge about OPMDs. Healthy life style can prevent diabetes, anemia and hypertension. Early management of OPMDs can prevent major complications and progression into cancer

Oral health among hospitalised patient

Bachelor tannpleie, 2016Tittel: Oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus Engelsk tittel: Oral health among hospitalised patients Innledning: Dårlig oral helse hos sykehusinnlagte pasienter kan øke risiko for utvikling av sykehuservervet infeksjoner og systemiske infeksjoner. Vel organisert tannhelsetjeneste for sykehusinnlagte pasienter kan forebygge dette. Problemstilling: Hvordan kan tannpleier forebygge dårlig oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus? Hensikt: Hensikten med vår bacheloroppgave er å finne ut mer om oral helse problemer hos innlagte pasienter og forebygging og behandlingstilbud ved norske sykehus. Dessuten ville vi også finne ut hvordan tannpleiere kan forebygge dårlig oral helse. Metode: Vår bacheloroppgave er basert på litteraturstudie med oppbygning av pensumlitteratur, selvvalgtlitteratur, kvantitativ forskning og personlige erfaringer. Teori: I teorien presenterer vi tannpleierfunksjon, helsefremmende og sykdomsforebyggende arbeid, lover og føringer for tannpleiere og andre helsepersonell, definisjon av oral helse, konsekvenser av dårlig oral helse, oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus og oral helse på ulike sykehus i Norge. Resultat: Sykehuspasienters orale helse blir forsømmet. Prioritering av munnstell kan forebygge alt fra ubehag til livstruende komplikasjoner og samfunnet kan spare store kostnader. Ved iverksettelse av tiltak av tannpleier kan orale helsen hos inneliggende pasienter forbedres. Konklusjon: Tannpleier kan forebygge dårlig oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus ved å sette inn tiltak som gjør det enklere for pleiepersonellet å utføre munnstell på pasientene. Det vil si bruk av munnstellkort, ha tilgjengelige munnpleieprodukter, jobbe tverrprofesjonelt med pleiepersonellet på sykehus, ha regelmessig besøk av tannpleier på avdeling og ved å utpeke oralhelse-kontaktperson på hver avdeling. Nøkkelord: Oral helse, tannpleie, forebygging, sykehus, munnstel

Oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus

Tittel: Oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus Engelsk tittel: Oral health among hospitalised patients Innledning: Dårlig oral helse hos sykehusinnlagte pasienter kan øke risiko for utvikling av sykehuservervet infeksjoner og systemiske infeksjoner. Vel organisert tannhelsetjeneste for sykehusinnlagte pasienter kan forebygge dette. Problemstilling: Hvordan kan tannpleier forebygge dårlig oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus? Hensikt: Hensikten med vår bacheloroppgave er å finne ut mer om oral helse problemer hos innlagte pasienter og forebygging og behandlingstilbud ved norske sykehus. Dessuten ville vi også finne ut hvordan tannpleiere kan forebygge dårlig oral helse. Metode: Vår bacheloroppgave er basert på litteraturstudie med oppbygning av pensumlitteratur, selvvalgtlitteratur, kvantitativ forskning og personlige erfaringer. Teori: I teorien presenterer vi tannpleierfunksjon, helsefremmende og sykdomsforebyggende arbeid, lover og føringer for tannpleiere og andre helsepersonell, definisjon av oral helse, konsekvenser av dårlig oral helse, oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus og oral helse på ulike sykehus i Norge. Resultat: Sykehuspasienters orale helse blir forsømmet. Prioritering av munnstell kan forebygge alt fra ubehag til livstruende komplikasjoner og samfunnet kan spare store kostnader. Ved iverksettelse av tiltak av tannpleier kan orale helsen hos inneliggende pasienter forbedres. Konklusjon: Tannpleier kan forebygge dårlig oral helse hos pasienter på sykehus ved å sette inn tiltak som gjør det enklere for pleiepersonellet å utføre munnstell på pasientene. Det vil si bruk av munnstellkort, ha tilgjengelige munnpleieprodukter, jobbe tverrprofesjonelt med pleiepersonellet på sykehus, ha regelmessig besøk av tannpleier på avdeling og ved å utpeke oralhelse-kontaktperson på hver avdeling. Nøkkelord: Oral helse, tannpleie, forebygging, sykehus, munnstel

Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as multiple space-occupying lesions in advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection

A 31-year-old man presented with seizures and cerebellar symptoms on a background of weight loss and lethargy. He was found to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and following radiological imaging, was commenced on treatment for presumed cerebral toxoplasmosis. Due to a lack of response, both clinically and on interval imaging, a positron-emission tomography-computed tomography and brain biopsy were undertaken, which demonstrated high-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Awareness amongst both clinicians and radiologists of the multifarious patterns of intra-cranial involvement in patients with HIV is, therefore, of utmost importance, as the treatment and prognosis of these entities are entirely different

The HIV manifestations within the gastrointestinal tract: A pictorial review

The aim of the pictorial review are to review the HIV manifestations within the gastrointestinal tract. We have detailed five conditions, with reference to the patients’ CD4 count – gastrointestinal tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, small bowel lymphoma, cytomegalovirus colitis and anal carcinoma

Unusual complication and successful high-dose chemotherapy treatment of advanced Burkitt’s lymphoma in an adult HIV-positive patient

Adult Burkitt’s lymphoma emerged as an AIDS-defining condition in the 1980s. We describe a case of HIV-associated adult Burkitt’s lymphoma diagnosed and treated with high-dose chemotherapy in our institution, complicated by unusual bilateral renal vein tumour thrombi and tumour lysis syndrome. We believe this unique case highlights the need for early recognition of current and potential complications on staging computed tomography imaging, as well as successful use of a high-dose chemotherapy regimen

Frequency of Thyroid Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Two powerful hormones are produced by thyroid gland, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control all metabolic processes and influence oxygen consumption in nearly all tissues of the body. Objective: To determine the frequency of various thyroid disorders and association of thyroid disorders with age. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at Chemical Pathology and Immunology department, of a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan from October 2020 to April 2021. Reports of thyroid function test (TFT) of patients from 1st October 2020 to 31st December 2020 were included. Thyroid profile includes three parameters i.e. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 and free T4. Frequency of thyroid disorders was determined according to age and sex. Chi-square was used to determine association between age-groups and vice versa.   Results: Among 239 thyroid profiles of patients, 146 (61%) were found to be within normal range, whereas thyroid profile of 93 (38.9%) patients was disturbed, and they had various thyroid disorders. Frequency of thyroid disorders were significantly associated with age (p value=0.03). Among the patients with disturbed thyroid profile TSH was low in 14 (15.1%) patients and high in 57 (61.30%). Conclusion: More than one-third of the suspected patients were found to have thyroid disorder. Thyroid disorders were significantly associated with age. Thyroid dysfunction was more common among female patients and presentation of hypothyroidism was more common among after 30 years of ag

Radiology examination as a diagnostic aid in presentations with wide differential diagnoses: Case report of new Hodgkin’s lymphoma on a background of poorly controlled HIV

Hodgkin’s lymphoma and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection share similar clinical features; both may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. We discuss a patient with poorly controlled HIV-infection presenting with chest sepsis, dyspnoea and weight loss. Whilst the initial working diagnosis was that of MAC infection, pathology results had not met diagnostic criteria. Lymph node biopsy instead revealed classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We discuss the role of radiological examination in cases of diagnostic uncertainty