Morphological and phylogenetic diversity of <i>Waminoa</i> and similar flatworms (Acoelomorpha) in the western Pacific Ocean

The genus Waminoa currently contains two described species, which each contains two types of endosymbiotic algae. Warninoa individuals are basically brown in body color, derived from these algal symbionts, and their body shape has been described as "discoid to obcordate". They have been found as associates of various anthozoans (Cnidaria) in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea. In order to reveal the diversity of the genus Wanunoa and their hosts, we conducted phylogenetic and morphological analyses on acoelomate flatworms specimens collected from Japan, Palau and Indonesia. At least 18 Waminoa morphotypes were found on at least 20 anthozoan host species, and two specimens were found on species of two sea stars. Overall, there were two main body shapes of specimens; obcordate, as seen in W. Titus and W. brickneri, and the other molar-like with an elongated body. These two body shapes each represented a separate Glade in 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) phylogenetic trees, with W. brickneri included in the obcordate subclade. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analyses on COI sequences of our specimens revealed the presence of at least five operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These five OTUs consisted of one large group of all obcordate animals, three OTUs consisting of one specimen each within the molar-like Glade, and one large group of the remaining molar-like specimens. Both clades contain numerous morphotypes and were associated with a variety of hosts. Finally, based on genetic distances, the molar-like specimens are considered as an unnamed genus group separate from Waminoa, which needs to be clarified in future studies

Mechanism of Insulin Emission in Matrix Assisted Laser Ionization

In the present paper the emission of intact insulin quasi-molecular ion [M+H] + during laser ablation (MALDI) is studied. It was observed in particular that the insulin TOF molecular peak increases as the laser power increases. The DE-Vestal method for the initial velocity measurements was improved theoretically including the distance (d0) until the free expansion regime can be considered. According to the present analysis, the v0 parameter given by the DE-Vestal method is interpreted as the initial velocity that the desorbed ion would have if no collision occurs in the plasma. The improved method interprets v 0 as the &quot;final&quot; initial velocity, i.e., as the velocity that the desorbed ions have when the plasma free expansion starts and, effectively, collisions no longer occur. The new method allows also the determination of d 0 , the distance to the solid when the free expansion starts. The data fitting shows that the distance (d0) has a linear dependence on the laser&apos;s intensity. Extrapolation of these values gives I = 0.69 G W cm −2 as the minimum energy density necessary to produce high density plasma during the insulin ions desorption when using αCHCA matrix

Study of occupational exposure to toluene and noise in the hearing of factory workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil

Um estudo sobre os efeitos da exposição de trabalhadores a agentes físicos (ruído) e químicos (tolueno) foi descrito neste trabalho. Para isto, foram realizados monitoramento ambiental e biológico, avaliação audiométrica e avaliação dos níveis de ruído. Este estudo foi realizado com trabalhadores de uma indústria da grande Porto Alegre, dos quais foram coletadas amostras de urina para avaliar a intensidade da exposição ao tolueno através da determinação do ácido hipúrico. Foram utilizados monitores passivos para vapores orgânicos, para determinação dos níveis de tolueno no ambiente laboral. Foram realizadas medições do ruído ambiental em 1/3 de oitavas e em dB(A), durante 3 minutos, e obtivemos os níveis equivalentes, Leq (NBR 10151). Foi investigado o comprometimento da via auditiva, através da audiometria ocupacional por via aérea. Analisando os resultados obtidos, foi constatada perda auditiva bilateral nos trabalhadores expostos ao tolueno e ao ruído e uma tendência de interação destes agentes na audição.In this work we studied the effects of occupational exposure to solvent and noise in the hearing of factory workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. The study group analyzed solvents concentration in air, biological marker for toluene in urine (hippuric acid) and levels of environmental noises. The analysis of these results showed hearing loss in the workers of occupational exposure to solvent toluene and noise. These findings suggest the exposure to toluene and noise has a toxic effect on the auditory system. Further researches are needed for better understanding of the interaction of these agents in the auditory systems

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

The Aria cryogenic distillation plant, located in Sardinia, Italy, is a key component of the DarkSide-20k experimental program for WIMP dark matter searches at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Aria is designed to purify the argon, extracted from underground wells in Colorado, USA, and used as the DarkSide-20k target material, to detector-grade quality. In this paper, we report the first measurement of argon isotopic separation by distillation with the 26&nbsp;m tall Aria prototype. We discuss the measurement of the operating parameters of the column and the observation of the simultaneous separation of the three stable argon isotopes: 36Ar , 38Ar , and 40Ar . We also provide a detailed comparison of the experimental results with commercial process simulation software. This measurement of isotopic separation of argon is a significant achievement for the project, building on the success of the initial demonstration of isotopic separation of nitrogen using the same equipment in 2019

Evolution of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality in an ICU in Southern Brazil

Kada se ispituje trošenje alata postoji niz modela trošenja koji se uglavnom primjenjuju kod obrade metalnih materijala, ali ima mali broj onih za procjenu trošenja nehomogenih materijala, kao što je primjerice kamen . U teorijskom dijelu ovog rada biti će prikazani osnovni uzroci i mehanizmi trošenja alata, kao i oblici trošenja alata koji se mogu pojaviti zbog različitih uvjeta u kojima se nalazi alat tijekom obrade. Opisat će se Taylor-ov model trošenja i prikazati utjecaj različitih parametara obrade na trošenje alata. Kako će se u eksperimentalnom dijelu obrađivati kamen, u teorijskom dijelu će još biti obrađen utjecaj različitih materijala na trošenje alata, koji se koriste za obradu kamena. Detaljno će biti opisani postupci trošenja takvih alata, odnosno uvid u strukturu alata i procese koji se zbivaju tijekom obrade. Praćenje istrošenosti alata je veoma važno zbog pravovremene i brze reakcije s kojom se čuva alat, a time i kvaliteta proizvoda. U eksperimentalnom dijelu provodit će se bušenje kamena te će se pratiti utjecaj istrošenosti alata na vrijednosti posmične sile te vrijednosti struja glavnog i posmičnog motora. Nakon bušenja određenog broj provrta oštrice, svrdla će se slikati te će se procijeniti stupanj istrošenosti i usporediti iznos trošenja s izbušenom duljinom, kao i promjena sila i struje glavnog motora u odnosu na istrošenost alata.In examination of tool wear there is a lot of models that concern tool wear at cutting metallic materials but little number of those which concern evaluation of wear when cutting heterogeneous materials, for example a stone. In first part of this paper there will be shown basic causes and mechanism of tool wear, and also different types of tool wear that can appear due to different cutting conditions during cutting process. Taylor model of tool wear and influence of different process parameters on tool will be described. Because stone material will be used in experimental part of this paper, an influence of different materials on tool wear, which are commonly used in stone machining, will be shown. Detailed view of tool wear and processes which happen during machining will be presented. Tool wear monitoring is very important due to timely and quick response which helps to save the quality of the product. In the experiment section a drilling of stone material will be conducted and force and current of main spindle and feed motor will be monitored. After certain number of drilled holes tool cutting edges, using special camera, will be photographed and they will be used to evaluate a degree of tool wear and compare it to overall drilling length, with comparison to respective changes of force applied on tool and main spindle motor current