710 research outputs found
Complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis in Gorgan, Iran (2007-12)
Background and Objective: Anti tuberculosis drugs therapy is the most effective method for controling
the tuberculosis (TB). Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent the TB-drug resistance. This
study was carried out to determine the complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of
anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 1550 records of patients with TB in urban and rural health
centers of Gorgan, north of Iran were assessed during 2007-12. Checklist consists of demographic and
clinical data for each patient was recorded in a questionare.
Results: 44 cases experienced the complications of anti-TB drugs. 27 (61.4%) of cases with
complications were women. 77.3% and 22.7% of patients affected with pulmonary and extra pulmonary
tuberculosis,respectively. 38.6% of patients were diabetic. The hepatic complication was seen in 37 cases
(84.1%). Skin and other complications were seen in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. There was not any
relationship between drug complications and other disases.
Conclusion: Hepatic damage is the most common complication leading to hospitalization in tuberculosis
patients using anti-TB drugs.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Anti-TB drug, Live
Renormalization: a quasi-shuffle approach
In recent years, the usual BPHZ algorithm for renormalization in perturbative
quantum field theory has been interpreted, after dimensional regularization, as
a Birkhoff decomposition of characters on the Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs,
with values in a Rota-Baxter algebra of amplitudes. We associate in this paper
to any such algebra a universal semi-group (different in nature from the
Connes-Marcolli "cosmical Galois group"). Its action on the physical amplitudes
associated to Feynman graphs produces the expected operations: Bogoliubov's
preparation map, extraction of divergences, renormalization. In this process a
key role is played by commutative and noncommutative quasi-shuffle bialgebras
whose universal properties are instrumental in encoding the renormalization
process
Rota-Baxter algebras and new combinatorial identities
The word problem for an arbitrary associative Rota-Baxter algebra is solved.
This leads to a noncommutative generalization of the classical Spitzer
identities. Links to other combinatorial aspects, particularly of interest in
physics, are indicated.Comment: 8 pages, improved versio
Exponential renormalization
Moving beyond the classical additive and multiplicative approaches, we
present an "exponential" method for perturbative renormalization. Using Dyson's
identity for Green's functions as well as the link between the Faa di Bruno
Hopf algebra and the Hopf algebras of Feynman graphs, its relation to the
composition of formal power series is analyzed. Eventually, we argue that the
new method has several attractive features and encompasses the BPHZ method. The
latter can be seen as a special case of the new procedure for renormalization
scheme maps with the Rota-Baxter property. To our best knowledge, although very
natural from group-theoretical and physical points of view, several ideas
introduced in the present paper seem to be new (besides the exponential method,
let us mention the notions of counterfactors and of order n bare coupling
constants).Comment: revised version; accepted for publication in Annales Henri Poincar
Mixable Shuffles, Quasi-shuffles and Hopf Algebras
The quasi-shuffle product and mixable shuffle product are both
generalizations of the shuffle product and have both been studied quite
extensively recently. We relate these two generalizations and realize
quasi-shuffle product algebras as subalgebras of mixable shuffle product
algebras. As an application, we obtain Hopf algebra structures in free
Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: 14 pages, no figure, references update
Post-Lie Algebras, Factorization Theorems and Isospectral-Flows
In these notes we review and further explore the Lie enveloping algebra of a
post-Lie algebra. From a Hopf algebra point of view, one of the central
results, which will be recalled in detail, is the existence of a second Hopf
algebra structure. By comparing group-like elements in suitable completions of
these two Hopf algebras, we derive a particular map which we dub post-Lie
Magnus expansion. These results are then considered in the case of
Semenov-Tian-Shansky's double Lie algebra, where a post-Lie algebra is defined
in terms of solutions of modified classical Yang-Baxter equation. In this
context, we prove a factorization theorem for group-like elements. An explicit
exponential solution of the corresponding Lie bracket flow is presented, which
is based on the aforementioned post-Lie Magnus expansion.Comment: 49 pages, no-figures, review articl
Birkhoff type decompositions and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff recursion
We describe a unification of several apparently unrelated factorizations
arisen from quantum field theory, vertex operator algebras, combinatorics and
numerical methods in differential equations. The unification is given by a
Birkhoff type decomposition that was obtained from the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff
formula in our study of the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer to
renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory. There we showed that the
Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer can be obtained from a certain
Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff recursion formula in the presence of a Rota-Baxter
operator. We will explain how the same decomposition generalizes the
factorization of formal exponentials and uniformization for Lie algebras that
arose in vertex operator algebra and conformal field theory, and the even-odd
decomposition of combinatorial Hopf algebra characters as well as to the Lie
algebra polar decomposition as used in the context of the approximation of
matrix exponentials in ordinary differential equations.Comment: accepted for publication in Comm. in Math. Phy
Spitzer's Identity and the Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition in pQFT
In this article we continue to explore the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras in
the context of the Hopf algebraic approach to renormalization theory in
perturbative quantum field theory. We show in very simple algebraic terms that
the solutions of the recursively defined formulae for the Birkhoff
factorization of regularized Hopf algebra characters, i.e. Feynman rules,
naturally give a non-commutative generalization of the well-known Spitzer's
identity. The underlying abstract algebraic structure is analyzed in terms of
complete filtered Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure
Hopf algebras in dynamical systems theory
The theory of exact and of approximate solutions for non-autonomous linear
differential equations forms a wide field with strong ties to physics and
applied problems. This paper is meant as a stepping stone for an exploration of
this long-established theme, through the tinted glasses of a (Hopf and
Rota-Baxter) algebraic point of view. By reviewing, reformulating and
strengthening known results, we give evidence for the claim that the use of
Hopf algebra allows for a refined analysis of differential equations. We
revisit the renowned Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff-Dynkin formula by the modern
approach involving Lie idempotents. Approximate solutions to differential
equations involve, on the one hand, series of iterated integrals solving the
corresponding integral equations; on the other hand, exponential solutions.
Equating those solutions yields identities among products of iterated Riemann
integrals. Now, the Riemann integral satisfies the integration-by-parts rule
with the Leibniz rule for derivations as its partner; and skewderivations
generalize derivations. Thus we seek an algebraic theory of integration, with
the Rota-Baxter relation replacing the classical rule. The methods to deal with
noncommutativity are especially highlighted. We find new identities, allowing
for an extensive embedding of Dyson-Chen series of time- or path-ordered
products (of generalized integration operators); of the corresponding Magnus
expansion; and of their relations, into the unified algebraic setting of
Rota-Baxter maps and their inverse skewderivations. This picture clarifies the
approximate solutions to generalized integral equations corresponding to
non-autonomous linear (skew)differential equations.Comment: International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, in
pres
Sonochemical synthesis of ErVO4/MnWO4 heterostructures: Application as a novel nanostructured surface for electrochemical determination of tyrosine in biological samples
Present strategy introduces a novel method established for the synthesis of spherical shape ErVO4/MnWO4 heterostructures by a sonochemical method. This heterostructures with optima morphology can be synthesized by changing power and time ultrasound irradiation without any capping agent. BET analysis revealed that ErVO4/MnWO4 prepared in the presence of ultrasonic procedure has 75 times specific surface area as much as that of those was produced in the absence of ultrasonic rays. A variety of analyses (i.e., BET, XRD, TEM, EDS, FT-IR, and SEM) were applied for characterization of the ErVO4/MnWO4. Next, a selective and sensitive nanostructured sensor based on ErVO4/MnWO4 nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode (ErVO4/MnWO4/CPE) was constructed for electrochemical detection of tyrosine (Tyr). The electrochemical characterizations were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Compared with the unmodified CPE, the oxidation peak current was significantly enhanced for Tyr. The impact of effective parameters on voltammetric response of Tyr was analyzed with design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current of Tyr was linear over a range of 0.08�400.0 μM with a detection limit of 7.7 nM. Finally, the usage of the proposed method was confirmed by the recovery tests of Tyr in biological samples. © 201
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