Methanogenic Diversity and Taxonomy in the Gastro Intestinal Tract of Ruminants

To elucidate the microbial dynamics inside rumen of animals of livestock importance and to provide a better ration to them in order to control various metabolic disorders, a better understanding of the rumen microbial ecology is pivotal. The fundamental knowledge of methanogenic population inside gut environment and ruminal fermentation is of considerable importance as it has a significant impact on the various metabolic activities of the animal. The major methanogens isolated and characterized from ruminants like cattle, sheep, steers, goats, reindeers are from the order Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanococcales, Methanosarcinales and Methanomassiliicoccales. The chapter deals with present knowledge available regarding the methanogenic diversity present in the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants all over the world primarily through constructing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and tries to uncover the new genera in ruminant’s microbiome and their adaptations in extreme environment. To get a better idea regarding the composition of methanogen community, further studies are required in relation to the effect of diet and animal species to the rumen methanogens

What is the Effect of Learning from Home Policy on the Perspectives of Islamic Boarding School Graduates (Pesantren) on Digital Learning in Higher Education ?

This article aims to describe the impact of government policies on learning from home and the effects on student perspectives on learning Online learning. The method used is descriptive qualitative with observation instruments, online surveys, discussion group forums with the research subjects of students majoring in Arabic language education graduates of Islamic boarding schools in 2019 at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. Research results are utilized on campus e-learning, which is integrated with SIAKAD and other applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom as well as Google Meet for teleconference facilities during student presentations and discussions. Islamic boarding school graduate students can take online lectures well. The student's perspective on online lectures after the learning from home policy is not suitable due to internet connection constraints and lectures using the assignment method only. Keywords: Learning from Home; online; digital learning; students perspective, higher education   Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada pembelajaran dari rumah dan pengaruhnya terhadap perspektif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran Online. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen observasi, survei online, forum diskusi kelompok dengan subjek penelitian mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Arab lulusan pesantren tahun 2019 di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kampus memanfaatkan e-learning kampus yang terintegrasi dengan SIAKAD dan aplikasi lain seperti WhatsApp dan Zoom serta fasilitas Google Meet untuk telekonferensi untuk presentasi dan diskusi. Mahasiswa alumni pondok pesantren bisa mengikuti perkuliahan online dengan baik. Perspektif mahasiswa terhadap perkuliahan online setelah kebijakan belajar dari rumah kurang baik. Hal ini karena kendala koneksi internet dan perkuliahan hanya menggunakan metode tugas.   Kata Kunci: Belajar dari rumah; online; pembelajaran digital; perspektif mahasiswa, pendidikan tingg

Augustana Seniors Fall 1885: Nicanor Benelius

Nicanor A. Benelius was a senior at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois in the fall of 1885. His name appears in the college catalog of 1885-1886, along with his birthplace, the year of his birth, and a few other facts, From this start, we researched the genealogy and family history of Nicanor A. Benelius. This paper contains a short biography of Nicanor, a report on his ancestors, a report on his decedents, and some open questions for further research

al-Furȗq fî al-Mȗrfîmât bayn al-‘Arabiyyah wa al-Injilîziyyah “al-Mȗrfîm (Mâ) al-‘Arabiy wa al-Injilîziy (what) Anmȗdhajan

This paper investigates Arabic and English morphemes with to identifying the similarities and differences between them. The differences between the two languages might be the main reason for making errors by Arab learners. It might help both teachers and learners to overcome these problems. By identifying the morphological differences between the two languages, teachers will determine how and what to teach, on the one hand, and students will know how and what to focus on when learning the target language, on the other. The Paper will shed light on phonological terms such as: "phonem, allophones, intonation, and accentuation" and their equivalents in English in order to identify the appropriate or opposing signs that affect the specificity of the sounds. We have followed the descriptive and analysis research methods. The results of study on morphemes have an interrogative and exclamatory function, and we find that the morpheme “what” is distinguished from the morpheme “ما”, which has other uses such as negation, infinitive, extra and accentuation

The effectiveness of kangaroo mother care in lowering postpartum depression in mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) intervention involves skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant. Some studies have shown a decrease in postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. However, the literature is scattered and of variable quality. Aims: To conduct a systematic review of available literature and provide a comprehensive picture of the effect of KMC on PPD among mothers of preterm and LBW infants. Methods: The study was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. After PROSPERO registration, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the databases till 14 June 2021. Of the 2944 studies assessed for titles and abstracts, nine studies with 2042 participants were included in the review. Included articles targeted mothers with LBW (<2500 g) or preterm infants (< 37 weeks), used an authentic PPD tool, and had standard care or an incubator as the control group. Studies not published in English and in which mothers had a previous psychiatric illness were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. All the results were converted to standard mean deviation and pooled together using a random-effects model with a 95% CI. A P-value of less than 0.05 is considered significant. Results: KMC Intervention was significantly associated with a lower depression score than control groups. The reduction in depression in the intervention (KMC) group was moderate: SMD= − 0.38 (− 0.68 to − 0.08; 95% CI; I2 = 86%; P = 0.013). No significant difference was found between the PPD scores of both groups using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the negative effects of LBW and preterm birth experience on maternal mental health can be avoided to a moderate degree by KMC. Due to a lack of methodological uniformity, different scales for outcome measurement, and discrepancies in intervention features, significantly high heterogeneity was detected. The authors need further larger-scale studies with a uniform study design to better predict the efficacy of KMC bette

Young man with severe metabolic acidosis after transformer oil ingestion: a case report

Background: Transformer oil is used in oil-filled transformers for its insulating as well as coolant properties. Transformer oil ingestion for attempted suicide is seldom heard of. Our patient’s case presented us with a major diagnostic as well as treatment challenge because we encountered such a case for the first time and were totally unaware of the fact that methanol might make up the main component of an aged transformer oil. Case presentation: A 19-year-old Pakistani/Asian man was brought to our hospital with altered sensorium. He was found to have elevated anion gap acidosis, increased osmolal gap, and acute kidney injury. He had no evidence of rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis. Computed tomography of his head showed cerebral edema. He was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and bicarbonate. Three days later, he confessed taking transformer oil with suicidal intention. His clinical picture mimicked acute methanol intoxication. With an initial improvement in his neurological status, he started complaining of constant headache with episodes of agitation and delirium. His renal function continued worsening despite an adequate urine output. He showed a remarkable improvement in his neurological state after just one session of hemodialysis. Conclusions: There is evidence that aged transformer oil contains methanol, and a patient who consumes it can present with features mimicking acute methanol intoxication

Inlay Decoration on the Sarcophagus of Jahangir’s Tomb

AbstractJahangir’s Tomb is located in Shahdara Lahore, Pakistan. This tomb marks the transitional phase of inlay decoration in the sub-continent. Inlay work on the sarcophagus of Jahangir’s tomb is noteworthy in its expression and decorative vocabulary. The rhythmic beauty of designs and technique achieved such a height of appreciation and acknowledgement that it has been considered as one the finest surface decoration among the world’s best architectural surface decorations.It is debatable among the scholars for the origin of pietra dura technique. This article aims at tracing out the origin of this technique and to prove it with evidences that it was not purely the European technique but an amalgamation of Islamic and European influences. “The technique developed quite separately in India and is usually characterized by a unique distinct style”. (Tillotson, 1990, p. 58)This article provides references to solve the ambiguity of the origin of pietra dura technique especially with reference to the Indian Sub-continent. It facilitates in tracing different influences involved in the formation of decorative designs. This article explores the philosophy and purpose of the ornamental patterns used on the sarcophagus of Jahangir’s Tomb and highlights the importance of the local artisans who contributed in the development of this technique. Key Words: Jahangir’s Tomb, Inlay decoration, sub-continent, pietra dura, European technique, decorative designs, sarcophagus, India

ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTION OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AMONG PRETERM NEONATES.

Background; Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is the most commonly occurring gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants. This study was conducted to determine frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants less 1.5 Kg taking probiotics at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods; Consecutive 270 preterm neonates having weight less than 1.5 Kg was taken in this descriptive case – series study. Once registered, the study cases were fed with Infloran (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and Bifidobacterium infants, 125 mg/kg per dose was given twice daily with breast milk until discharged and were followed for two weeks to see NEC. The amount of feeding was advanced slowly if tolerated, with no more than 20 mL/kg per day increment per day. These study cases were followed for 15 days to record outcome variable i.e. NEC. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. Results; Of these 270 study cases, 139 (51.5%) were boys while 131 (48.5%) were girls. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 29.61 ± 2.66 weeks (with minimum gestational age was 24 weeks while maximum gestational age was 34 weeks). Of these 270 study cases, 147 belonged to urban areas and most of our study cases i.e. 179 (66.3%) were poor, 79 (29.3%) were from middle income families and only 12 (4.4%) belonged to rich families. Mean weight of our study cases was 1312.85 ± 78.66 grams. Mean maternal age was noted to 27.91 ± 4.24 years, 170 (62.96 %) mothers were less than 30 years of age and most of these mothers were illiterate i.e. 191 (70.7%). Majority of these mothers i.e. 170 (62.96 %) had parity less than 3. Mean duration on probiotics was noted to be 14.88 ± 1.38 days. Necrotizing enterocolitis was noted in 15 (5.6%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Our study results have shown that frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was low in preterm infants using probiotics. The use of probiotics was effective in the prevention of NEC and our study results support the use of probiotics in these infants. Probiotics were found to be safe, reliable and efficacious in our study. NEC was significantly associated with gender, gestational age, residential status, poor socioeconomic status, increasing maternal age and parity and duration on probiotics. Keywords; Probiotics, necrotizing enterocolitis, preterm infants