How the rural infrastructure construction drives rural economic development through rural living environment governance—case study of 285 cities in China

With deepening of rural revitalization strategy, rural infrastructure construction plays an important role in local economic development and living environment governance. Based on the mediation model, this paper takes case study of 285 cities in China from 2017 to 2022 as samples, constructs the explanatory variable, the explained variable and the mediator variable by entropy method, empirically analyzes the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural living environment governance and rural economic development, as well as the mediation role played by rural living environment governance. It is found that there is a significant positive impact between rural infrastructure construction and rural economic development, and rural infrastructure construction can promote economic development through rural living environment governance. Further analysis show that the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural economic development presents heterogeneity, and the impacts of rural infrastructure construction on local economic development and on local economic development through living environment governance in the eastern and central China is stronger than that in the western China. After controlling a series of variables related to rural infrastructure construction, and performing endogeneity tests and robustness tests such as tail-shrinkage regression and principal component analysis, the regression results are still robust. This paper firstly provides scientific empirical evidence for the hypothesis that rural infrastructure construction promotes local economic development through rural living environment governance, and secondly confirms the necessity of strengthening rural infrastructure construction in China to promote rural revitalization, providing a policy basis for scientific decision-making, and finally finds an important way out to solve the problem of unbalanced economic development in rural areas to some extent

DataSheet1_How the rural infrastructure construction drives rural economic development through rural living environment governance—case study of 285 cities in China.docx

With deepening of rural revitalization strategy, rural infrastructure construction plays an important role in local economic development and living environment governance. Based on the mediation model, this paper takes case study of 285 cities in China from 2017 to 2022 as samples, constructs the explanatory variable, the explained variable and the mediator variable by entropy method, empirically analyzes the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural living environment governance and rural economic development, as well as the mediation role played by rural living environment governance. It is found that there is a significant positive impact between rural infrastructure construction and rural economic development, and rural infrastructure construction can promote economic development through rural living environment governance. Further analysis show that the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural economic development presents heterogeneity, and the impacts of rural infrastructure construction on local economic development and on local economic development through living environment governance in the eastern and central China is stronger than that in the western China. After controlling a series of variables related to rural infrastructure construction, and performing endogeneity tests and robustness tests such as tail-shrinkage regression and principal component analysis, the regression results are still robust. This paper firstly provides scientific empirical evidence for the hypothesis that rural infrastructure construction promotes local economic development through rural living environment governance, and secondly confirms the necessity of strengthening rural infrastructure construction in China to promote rural revitalization, providing a policy basis for scientific decision-making, and finally finds an important way out to solve the problem of unbalanced economic development in rural areas to some extent.</p

An Analysis of the Impact of the Digital Economy on High-Quality Economic Development in China—A Study Based on the Effects of Supply and Demand

The development of information technology draws forth the digital economy, representing the third form of economic and social development following the agricultural and industrial economies. It represents one of the new era’s most important economic growth points. How to use the advantages of the digital economy to escape the “Malthusian trap” has always been an essential part of the attention of economists and policymakers. This paper investigates the degree of development of China’s digital economy and employs the entropy method and fixed-effect model to test how the digital economy has impacted high-quality economic development. Based on the study, digital economy development significantly promotes high-quality economic development. After controlling various factors that influence high-quality economic development and using instrumental variables to correct endogenous estimation biases, the results remain stable. The analysis also finds that the digital economy in economically backward areas has a more significant impact on high-quality economic development. In addition, the analysis of Nax’s “Vicious Circle of Poverty” theory shows that the digital economy can promote high-quality economic development through the supply and demand effect. Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote digital economy development and form a dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level by stimulating the consumption potential to ensure high-quality economic growth

Caspofungin pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment in ICU patients in China

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Effective antifungal therapy is important to reduce mortality in patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Numerous factors affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters in critically-ill patients. To guide individualised administration in critically-ill patients, it is of great significance to determine the population pharmacokinetics of caspofungin. Methods: A prospective study in 42 ICU patients with IFIs was conducted in China. A population pharmacokinetic model of caspofungin was established using a non-linear mixed-effects model, which was utilised to investigate the effects of demographic indices, liver function and kidney function on pharmacokinetics. Additionally, appropriate dosages of caspofungin under various scenarios were determined based on MICs and probability of target attainment (PTA) at specific dosages. Results: In critically-ill Chinese patients, clearance (CL), volume of distribution (V) and area under the curve at steady-state (AUCss) of caspofungin were 0.32 L/h, 6.77 L and 135.47 mg•h/L, respectively. Blood albumin and total bilirubin levels were factors affecting CL, while body weight was the only factor affecting V among Chinese people with relatively low weight compared with other populations. A maintenance dose of 50 mg caspofungin achieved a high PTA for treating IFIs caused by Candida albicans (MIC ≤ 0.06 mg/L) and Candida glabrata (MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L). The maintenance dose of caspofungin should be adjusted to 70–200 mg for IFIs caused by C. albicans (MIC, 0.06–0.125 mg/L). For IFIs caused by Candida parapsilosis, an MIC > 0.03 mg/L is associated with a very low PTA, but higher doses of caspofungin or alternative antifungals need to be further studied. Conclusion: The population pharmacokinetic model established here described well the PK/PD characteristics of caspofungin in critically-ill Chinese patients. These results could guide the formulation of individualised caspofungin dosing regimens for critically-ill patients

Analysis of intercellular communication in the osteosarcoma microenvironment based on single cell sequencing data

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and young adults, patient survival rates have not improved in recent decades. To further understand the interrelationship between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma, we comprehensively analyzed single-cell sequencing data from six patients with untreated osteosarcoma. Nine major cell types were identified from a total of 46,046 cells based on unbiased clustering of gene expression profiles and canonical markers. Osteosarcoma from different patients display heterogeneity in cellular composition. Myeloid cells were the most commonly represented cell type, followed by osteoblastic and TILs. Copy number variation (CNV) results identified amplifications and deletions in malignant osteoblastic cells and fibroblasts. Trajectory analysis based on RNA velocity showed that osteoclasts in the OS microenvironment could be differentiated from myeloid cells. Furthermore, we explored the intercellular communications in OS microenvironment and identified multiple ligand-receptor pairs between myeloid cells, osteoblastic cells and their cells, including 21 ligand-receptor pair genes that significantly associated with survival outcomes. Importantly, we found chemotherapy may have an effect on cellular communication in the OS microenvironment by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from seven primary osteosarcoma patients who received chemotherapy. We believe these observations will improve our understanding of potential mechanisms of microenvironment contributions to OS progression and help identify potential targets for new treatment development in the future

Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–V₂O₅ Battery with High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life

We report an aqueous Zn–V₂O₅ battery chemistry employing commercial V₂O₅ cathode, Zn anode, and 3 M Zn­(CF₃SO₃)₂ electrolyte. We elucidate the Zn-storage mechanism in the V₂O₅ cathode to be that hydrated Zn²⁺ can reversibly (de)­intercalate through the layered structure. The function of the co-intercalated H₂O is revealed to be shielding the electrostatic interactions between Zn²⁺ and the host framework, accounting for the enhanced kinetics. In addition, the pristine bulk V₂O₅ gradually evolves into porous nanosheets upon cycling, providing more active sites for Zn²⁺ storage and thus rendering an initial capacity increase. As a consequence, a reversible capacity of 470 mAh g^–1 at 0.2 A g^–1 and a long-term cyclability with 91.1% capacity rentention over 4000 cycles at 5 A g^–1 are achieved. The combination of the good battery performance, safety, scalable materials synthesis, and facile cell assembly indicates this aqueous Zn–V₂O₅ system is promising for stationary grid storage applications

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios