315 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Biosynthesis of depsipeptides with a 3-hydroxybenzoate moiety and selective anticancer activities involves a chorismatase.
Neoantimycins are anticancer compounds of 15-membered ring antimycin-type depsipeptides. They are biosynthesized by a hybrid multimodular protein complex of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS), typically from the starting precursor 3-formamidosalicylate. Examining fermentation extracts of Streptomyces conglobatus, here we discovered four new neoantimycin analogs, unantimycins B-E, in which 3-formamidosalicylates are replaced by an unusual 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) moiety. Unantimycins B-E exhibited levels of anticancer activities similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin in human lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma cells. Notably, they mostly displayed no significant toxicity toward noncancerous cells, unlike the serious toxicities generally reported for antimycin-type natural products. Using site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression, we found that unantimycin productions are correlated with the activity of a chorismatase homolog, the nat-hyg5 gene, from a type I PKS gene cluster. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the catalytic activity of Nat-hyg5 generates 3-HBA from chorismate. Finally, we achieved selective production of unantimycins B and C by engineering a chassis host. On the basis of these findings, we propose that unantimycin biosynthesis is directed by the neoantimycin-producing NRPS-PKS complex and initiated with the starter unit of 3-HBA. The elucidation of the biosynthetic unantimycin pathway reported here paves the way to improve the yield of these compounds for evaluation in oncotherapeutic applications
Memory-enhancing effect of Rhodiola rosea L extract on aged mice
Purpose: The memory-enhancing effects of Rhodiola rosea L. extract (RRLE) on normal aged mice were assessed.Methods: In the open-field test, the effect of RRLE (150 and 300 mg/kg) on mouse locomotive activities was evaluated by investigating the extractβs influence on CAT and AchE activities in the brain tissue of mice.Results: Compared with aged group, high dose of RRLE reduced the total distance (3212.4 Β± 123.1 cm, p < 0.05) significantly, increased catalase (CAT) activity (101.4 Β± 12.2 U/mg pro, p < 0.05), and inhibited acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity (0.94 Β± 0.12 U/mg pro, p < 0.05) in the brain tissue of aged mice.Conclusion: The results show that RRLE improves the memory functions of aged mice probably by increasing CAT activity while decreasing AChE activity.Keywords: Rhodiola rosea, Memory function, Catalase, Acetyl cholinesterase, Open-field tes
Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
SummaryDefective apoptosis renders immortalized epithelial cells highly tumorigenic, but how this is impacted by other common tumor mutations is not known. In apoptosis-defective cells, inhibition of autophagy by AKT activation or by allelic disruption of beclin1 confers sensitivity to metabolic stress by inhibiting an autophagy-dependent survival pathway. While autophagy acts to buffer metabolic stress, the combined impairment of apoptosis and autophagy promotes necrotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, inhibiting autophagy under conditions of nutrient limitation can restore cell death to apoptosis-refractory tumors, but this necrosis is associated with inflammation and accelerated tumor growth. Thus, autophagy may function in tumor suppression by mitigating metabolic stress and, in concert with apoptosis, by preventing death by necrosis
Application and Prospect of Flexible Transmission and Distribution Technology in Internet Data Center
[Introduction] As an important thrust of China's "new infrastructure", internet data centers have ushered in opportunities for vigorous development and become new areas of energy use, putting forward higher requirements for the power supply level and capacity of the local distribution network. The innovative application of flexible transmission and distribution technology and key equipment makes the power supply and distribution system more intelligent, more flexible and more reliable, and more able to cope with the challenges brought by the large proportion of DC loads and concentrated high-load energy loads such as Internet data centers, and realize the construction and operation of Internet data centers more low-carbon, more efficient, more reliable and more economical. [Method] Firstly, the basic load requirements of Internet data center were discussed, the overall classification and performance requirements of internet data centers were analyzed. The application of flexible technology in distribution network was studied, with a focus on analyzing and comparing three types of technical routes: "rectification distribution, DC distribution, and AC-DC hybrid power supply and distribution". [Result] The paper provides provides tailored solutions for issues related to system reliability, stability, power quality, power efficiency and acceptance of new energy. [Conclusion] By summarizing the existing research results, flexible transmission and distribution technology is regarded as the core technology of building internet data center. Targeted data center control scheme should be studied from different aspects such as device and algorithms. After summarizing the research results of different aspects, the paper also looks forward to the practice and popularization of head-to-head transmission and distribution technology in internet data center
Heavy ion irradiation simulation of high dose irradiation induced radiation effects in materials
Materials used for ADS, ITER, fast reactor, etc suffer very high dose irradiations of protons
and/or neutrons. The yearly accumulated irradiation doses could reach a couple of hundred dpa
in ADS, ~40 dpa in fast reactors and ~30 dpa in ITERβs DEMO, producing severe radiation
damage in materials and leading to a breakdown or accident of these installations. Investigation
of such high dose irradiation induced radiation damage is a currently interesting topic with great
importance. It is deeply hampered for lack of high dose neutron and proton sources. The heavy
ion irradiation simulation technique has been developed at HI-13 tandem accelerator to
investigate radiation damage encountered in the above mentioned installations. An experiment
was carried out to verify the reliability and validity of heavy ion irradiation simulation. A series
of experiments were performed by heavy ion irradiation simulation in combination with positron
annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to investigate the temperature and dose dependence of
radiation damage in stainless steels, tungsten, tantalum, etc. Some experimental results will be
presented and discussed.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ADS, ITER, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°/Π°Π±ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΉΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅
ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΡΡ
Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ
Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π», ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ
Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠ-13 Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡ Π² ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ; Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ADS, ITER, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²,
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠI-13 ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°
Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ;
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°,
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Use of Chlorella for the Treatment of the Soft-shelled Turtle Processing Wastewater
Abstract: The capability of Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions from the softshelled turtle processing wastewater in a local agricultural products limited company (in Hangzhou, China) was studied. The soft-shelled turtle processing wastewater was found to include high concentrations of nitrogen (107.63Β±4.84 mg/L) in the form of ammonium (NH 4 + ) with the small amounts of nitrite (0.32Β±0.04 mg/L on annual average) at pH 6.7 and to be suitable for growing Chlorella vulgaris. When Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in a batch mode, a majority of the nitrogen concentration was dramatically removed after a lag-phase period. The total biomass weight gained during the entire cultivation period balanced out well with the nitrogen removed from the culture medium. These results indicate that Chlorella vulgaris has potential to remove nitrogen (i.e., ammonium ion) and nitrite at a reasonable uptake rate from wastewater while being cultivated using the soft-shelled turtle processing wastewater
Identification of risk factors for infection after mitral valve surgery through machine learning approaches
BackgroundSelecting features related to postoperative infection following cardiac surgery was highly valuable for effective intervention. We used machine learning methods to identify critical perioperative infection-related variables after mitral valve surgery and construct a prediction model.MethodsParticipants comprised 1223 patients who underwent cardiac valvular surgery at eight large centers in China. The ninety-one demographic and perioperative parameters were collected. Random forest (RF) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) techniques were used to identify postoperative infection-related variables; the Venn diagram determined overlapping variables. The following ML methods: random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), AdaBoost, Naive Bayesian (NB), Logistic Regression (LogicR), Neural Networks (nnet) and artificial neural network (ANN) were developed to construct the models. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate model performance.ResultsWe identified 47 and 35 variables with RF and LASSO, respectively. Twenty-one overlapping variables were finally selected for model construction: age, weight, hospital stay, total red blood cell (RBC) and total fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, preoperative creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), RBC count, platelet (PLT) count, prothrombin time, intraoperative autologous blood, total output, total input, aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, postoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), PLT count, hemoglobin (Hb), and LVEF. The prediction models for infection after mitral valve surgery were established based on these variables, and they all showed excellent discrimination performance in the test set (AUCβ>β0.79).ConclusionsKey features selected by machine learning methods can accurately predict infection after mitral valve surgery, guiding physicians in taking appropriate preventive measures and diminishing the infection risk
- β¦