2-Amino-4-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-7,7-di­methyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile hemihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H17ClN2O2·0.5H2O, contains two organic mol­ecules and one solvent water mol­ecule. In each organic mol­ecule, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom connecting the two methyl groups on the flap; the 4H-pyran ring is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.113 (3) Å in one mol­ecule and 0.089 (3) Å in the other mol­ecule] and is approximately perpendicular to the chloro­phenyl ring [dihedral angle = 86.43 (15)° in one mol­ecule and 89.73 (15)° in the other mol­ecule]. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal

(E)-N′-(4-Methoxy­benzyl­idene)benzohydrazide

In the title mol­ecule, C15H14N2O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 5.93 (17)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains propagating in [010]

Spectral karyotyping reveals a comprehensive karyotype in an adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leu-kemia (ALL). Comprehensive karyotype was related to poor prognosis frequently in ALL. We present a comprehensive karyotype in an adult ALL by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and R-banding. SKY not only confirmed the abnormalities previously seen by R-banding but also improved comprehensive karyotype analysis with the following result 47,XY,+9, ins(1;5)(q23;q23q34) t(6;7)(q23;p13). Our report demonstrated that SKY is able to provide more information accurately for prediction of disease prognosis in adult ALL with compre-hensive karyotype

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of catechin and quercetin in flavonoids extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt

Purpose: To perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of catechin and quercetin in flavonoids extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt.Methods: Total flavonoids were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) at 500 nm. The optimal gradient program started with 15 % methanol and was kept within a period of 0 – 20 min, while 25 % methanol was kept within 20 – 33 min. Subsequently, the concentration of methanol was reduced to 15 % and was held for 10 min until the next injection. Mass spectrometry spray voltage was 4,000 V, ionization temperature 350 °C, atomizer pressure 35 psi, nitrogen flow rate 8 L/min, and mass scan range 200 – 800 m/z. The detection wavelength used for catechin and quercetin was 270 and 368 nm, respectively.Results: Based on the UV results, Rosa roxburghii Tratt content was 73.85 %, which is in agreement with the national standard. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results indicate that Rosa roxburghii Tratt flavonoids contained quercetin, 34.26 %, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.88 % and catechin content of 2.97 % with RSD of 1.49 %.Conclusion: The proposed measurement method for determining the content of flavonoids in Rosa roxburghii Tratt has the advantage of simplicity, feasibility, good repeatability, and rapid and accurate analysis.Keywords: Rosa roxburghii Tratt, Flavonoids, Catechin, Querceti

GeV antiproton/gamma-ray excesses and the WW-boson mass anomaly: three faces of ∼60−70\sim 60-70 GeV dark matter particle?

For the newly discovered $W$-boson mass anomaly, one of the simplest dark matter (DM) models that can account for the anomaly without violating other astrophysical/experimental constraints is the inert two Higgs doublet model, in which the DM mass ($m_{S}$) is found to be within $\sim 54-74$ GeV. In this model, the annihilation of DM via $SS\to b\bar{b}$ and $SS\to WW^{*}$ would produce antiprotons and gamma rays, and may account for the excesses identified previously in both particles. Motivated by this, we re-analyze the AMS-02 antiproton and Fermi-LAT Galactic center gamma-ray data. For the antiproton analysis, the novel treatment is the inclusion of the charge-sign-dependent three-dimensional solar modulation model as constrained by the time-dependent proton data. We find that the excess of antiprotons is more distinct than previous results based on the force-field solar modulation model. The interpretation of this excess as the annihilation of $SS\to WW^{*}$ ($SS\to b\bar{b}$) requires a DM mass of $\sim 40-80$ ($40-60$) GeV and a velocity-averaged cross section of $O(10^{-26})~{\rm cm^3~s^{-1}}$. As for the $\gamma$-ray data analysis, rather than adopting the widely-used spatial template fitting, we employ an orthogonal approach with a data-driven spectral template analysis. The fitting to the GeV $\gamma$-ray excess yields DM model parameters overlapped with those to fit the antiproton excess via the $WW^{*}$ channel. The consistency of the DM particle properties required to account for the $W$-boson mass anomaly, the GeV antiproton excess, and the GeV $\gamma$-ray excess suggest a common origin of them.Comment: 8 page

Neurobiological Changes of Schizotypy: Evidence From Both Volume-Based Morphometric Analysis and Resting-State Functional Connectivity

The current study sought to examine the underlying brain changes in individuals with high schizotypy by integrating networks derived from brain structural and functional imaging. Individuals with high schizotypy (n = 35) and low schizotypy (n = 34) controls were screened using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and underwent brain structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T scanner. Voxel-based morphometric analysis and graph theory-based functional network analysis were conducted. Individuals with high schizotypy showed reduced gray matter (GM) density in the insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus. The graph theoretical analysis showed that individuals with high schizotypy showed similar global properties in their functional networks as low schizotypy individuals. Several hubs of the functional network were identified in both groups, including the insula, the lingual gyrus, the postcentral gyrus, and the rolandic operculum. More hubs in the frontal lobe and fewer hubs in the occipital lobe were identified in individuals with high schizotypy. By comparing the functional connectivity between clusters with abnormal GM density and the whole brain, individuals with high schizotypy showed weaker functional connectivity between the left insula and the putamen, but stronger connectivity between the cerebellum and the medial frontal gyrus. Taken together, our findings suggest that individuals with high schizotypy present changes in terms of GM and resting-state functional connectivity, especially in the frontal lobe

HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in patients with acute liver failure

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation. Acute liver failure (ALF) has been shown to trigger systemic inflammation in clinical and animal studies. To evaluate the possibility of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in ALF, we determined whether HMGB1 is released in hepatocytes and end organ in patients with liver failure/injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>HepG2 cell were stimulated with LPS or TNF-α, the increase of HMGB1 extracellularly in the culture medium and intracellularly in various cellular fractions were determined by western blot or immunocytochemistry. To observe sub-cellular location of HMGB1 in hepatocytes, liver specimens were obtained from 6 patients with ALF caused by HBV infection, 10 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B, 6 healthy controls, as well as animals model of ALF by intraperitoneal administration of D-GalN (600 mg/kg) and LPS (0.5 mg/kg).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In HepG2 cell culture, LPS or TNF actively induced HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and release in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. In animal model of ALF, cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation was observed in hepatocyts as early as 3 hours post onset of ALF. In patients with ALF caused by HBV infection, cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation was similarly observed in some hepatocytes of the liver specimen.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation may occur during ALF, which may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of liver inflammatory diseases.</p

Prediction of ESRD in IgA Nephropathy Patients from an Asian Cohort: A Random Forest Model

Background/Aims: There is an increasing risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Asian people with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A computer-aided system for ESRD prediction in Asian IgAN patients has not been well studied. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed biopsy-proven IgAN patients treated at the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2009 to November 2013. Demographic and clinicopathological data were obtained within 1 month of renal biopsy. A random forest (RF) model was employed to predict the ESRD status in IgAN patients. All cases were initially trained and validated, taking advantage of the out-of-bagging(OOB) error. Predictors used in the model were selected according to the Gini impurity index in the RF model and verified by logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve (AUC) and F-measure were used to evaluate the RF model. Results: A total of 262 IgAN patients were enrolled in this study with a median follow-up time of 4.66 years. The importance rankings of predictors of ESRD in the RF model were first obtained, indicating some of the most important predictors. Logistic regression also showed that these factors were statistically associated with ESRD status. We first trained an initial RF model using gender, age, hypertension, serum creatinine, 24-hour proteinuria and histological grading suggested by the Clinical Decision Support System for IgAN (CDSS, www.IgAN.net). This 6-predictor model achieved a F-measure of 0.8 and an AUC of 92.57%. By adding Oxford-MEST scores, this model outperformed the initial model with an improved AUC (96.1%) and F-measure (0.823). When C3 staining was incorporated, the AUC was 97.29% and F-measure increased to 0.83. Adding the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improved the AUC to 95.45%. We also observed improved performance of the model with additional inputs of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, hemoglobin and albumin. Conclusion: In addition to the predictors in the CDSS, Oxford-MEST scores, C3 staining and eGFR conveyed additional information for ESRD prediction in Chinese IgAN patients using a RF model