FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TB/HIV CO-INFECTION AMONG DRUG SENSITIVE TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS MANAGED IN A SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITY IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Background: This study assessed factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection among TB patients managed in a secondary health facility in Lagos Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of treatment cards of patients seen at a secondary referral hospital between January 1 2014 and December 31 2014 was conducted. Treatment outcomes and factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed. Results: Of the 334 records of patients reviewed, the proportion of patients with TB/HIV co-infection was 21.6%. The odds of having TB/HIV co-infection was 2.7 times higher among patients above 40 years than patients less than 25 years (AOR 2.7 95% CI 1.1 – 6.5, p =0.030). In addition, the odds of having TB/HIV co-infection was 3.3 higher among extrapulmonary TB cases (AOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.2 – 9.5; p = 0.026) and 2.1 times higher among retreated patients (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1 – 3.9; p = 0.017) than pulmonary TB and new patients respectively. The chance of having TB/HIV co-infection was 2.7-fold more in patients with poor treatment outcomes than patients with treatment success (AOR 2.7; 95%CI 1.3 – 5.4; p =0.006). Conclusion: TB/HIV co-infection rate was high in the study area. There is need to put measures in place to improve treatment outcomes of TB/HIV co-infected patients

Investigation into Factors Causing Pregnant Women in Ede South Local Government Area, Osun State, To Underutilize Antenatal Care Services

In order to manage and prevent complications related to pregnancy and delivery, antenatal care offers an estimate of key health issues, such as health promotion, illness prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of disease conditions. Consequently, the study's goal was to determine what variables may be causing pregnant women in Ede South Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria, to underuse antenatal care services. Descriptive cross-sectional survey design was utilized and data collected using pre-tested self-developed structured questionnaire, using the sample size of 422. Leslie Kish formula is used with a prevalence of 49% at a significant level of 5%. Chi square testing was done with the p-value of <0.05. Primary healthcare facilities were chosen using a multi-stage sample procedure, and respondents were chosen using straightforward random sampling methods. With the assistance of 4 trained assistant data collectors, a total of 422 questionnaires were distributed. 400 of the total recovered questionnaires might be used for analysis. Software SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. At a significance level of 0.05, two hypotheses were investigated using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and regression). Findings revealed 92% had a good attitude towards the ANC services, while 96% of the  respondents had a good practice on the ANC services while 97% of the respondents report that health workers had good attitude towards the patients. This study shows that Age range (P-value =0.014, df=7, X2 = 17.661) educational status (P-value =0.045, df=4, X2 = 9.726), husband educational status (P-value =0.000, df=4, X2 = 29.677), number of children (P-value =0.004, df=5, X2 = 17.123), residence (P-value =0.044, df=2, X2 = 6.229), types of family setting (P-value =0.000, df=4, X2 = 123.814) and distance of health facility (P-value =0.000, df=3, X2 = 160.619) are factors that influence the underutilization of ANC services. According to the study's findings, pregnant women use antenatal care services well, and health care professionals adopt an excellent approach. In order to identify and address any potential issues that could lower the level of infant morbidity and death, it is important to encourage women to take advantage of the free maternal care services that are offered in all government health facilities

Investigation into Factors Causing Pregnant Women in Ede South Local Government Area, Osun State, To Underutilize Antenatal Care Services

In order to manage and prevent complications related to pregnancy and delivery, antenatal care offers an estimate of key health issues, such as health promotion, illness prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of disease conditions. Consequently, the study's goal was to determine what variables may be causing pregnant women in Ede South Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria, to underuse antenatal care services. Descriptive cross-sectional survey design was utilized and data collected using pre-tested self-developed structured questionnaire, using the sample size of 422. Leslie Kish formula is used with a prevalence of 49% at a significant level of 5%. Chi square testing was done with the p-value of <0.05. Primary healthcare facilities were chosen using a multi-stage sample procedure, and respondents were chosen using straightforward random sampling methods. With the assistance of 4 trained assistant data collectors, a total of 422 questionnaires were distributed. 400 of the total recovered questionnaires might be used for analysis. Software SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. At a significance level of 0.05, two hypotheses were investigated using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and regression). Findings revealed 92% had a good attitude towards the ANC services, while 96% of the  respondents had a good practice on the ANC services while 97% of the respondents report that health workers had good attitude towards the patients. This study shows that Age range (P-value =0.014, df=7, X2 = 17.661) educational status (P-value =0.045, df=4, X2 = 9.726), husband educational status (P-value =0.000, df=4, X2 = 29.677), number of children (P-value =0.004, df=5, X2 = 17.123), residence (P-value =0.044, df=2, X2 = 6.229), types of family setting (P-value =0.000, df=4, X2 = 123.814) and distance of health facility (P-value =0.000, df=3, X2 = 160.619) are factors that influence the underutilization of ANC services. According to the study's findings, pregnant women use antenatal care services well, and health care professionals adopt an excellent approach. In order to identify and address any potential issues that could lower the level of infant morbidity and death, it is important to encourage women to take advantage of the free maternal care services that are offered in all government health facilities