Bird Responses to Habitat Change in the Karst Area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park

Birds are useful bioindicators to habitat changes. This study aims to determine the responses of birds to habitat change at Maros-Pangkep karst area, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park. The research was carried out in three disturbance degrees (core-zone, wilderness-zone, and the community-gardens), which represents minimal, middle, and high interference level. A modified square-line method was used to observe vegetation of bird habitat. Point count method was used to observe bird population. Data of the bird habitat vegetation was analyzed using vegetation density. The difference of vegetation composition was analyzed using Sorensen-similarity index. Data of the bird was analyzed using abundance, and indexes of Shannon-Weinner diversity, Simpson dominance, Pielou evenness, and Margalef species richness. Significant differences between the number of the individual bird were tested using one-way ANOVA, Tukey-Bonferroni test. The results showed that birds living in karst were sensitive to habitat changes. Birds responded through reducing the number of individuals and species, shifting the species of bird that has high importance value index from low tolerance species to high tolerance species. Birds also responded by shifting the feeding guild that has high important value index from frugivore to frugivore-insectivore and then to granivore, decreasing the number of bird species with large body size, reducing the number of bird species that need a special location to build nest. Considering that Maros-Pangkep Karst has vital roles, scientific values, and biodiversity richness, it is necessary to involve all stakeholders to maintain its sustainability, including the establishment of entire Maros-Pangkep Karst area as the karst-landscape area

KERAGAMAN VEGETASI TEBING KARST YANG MENJADI HABITAT TARSIUS MAKASSAR (Tarsius fuscus Fischer, 1804) DI TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG

Tarsius fuscus merupakan salah satu satwa endemik sebaran terbatas, yang dapat dijumpai di Obyek Wisata Alam (OWA) Pattunuang Assue, Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Di areal OWA ini, Tarsius fuscus memanfaatkan tebing karst sebagai habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman vegetasi di tebing karst yang menjadi habitat Tarsius fuscus. Areal habitat pada tebing karst ditentukan dengan terlebih dahulu menentukan lokasi sarang Tarsius fuscus. Lokasi sarang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan duet vokalisasi, pengamatan suara yang dikeluarkan saat malam, serta informasi masyarakat.  Pengamatan vegetasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis berpetak yang diletakkan secara vertikal di tebing karst. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kerapatan vegetasi, indeks nilai penting, indeks keragaman hayati Shannon-Weiner, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks kemerataan Pielou, indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef dan indeks kesamaan komunitas Sorensen. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tebing karst tersebut memiliki nilai indeks keragaman jenis yang tergolong sedang, meskipun terdapat spesies yang mendominasi namun indeks dominansi pada areal tersebut tergolong rendah. Selain itu, vegetasi habitat menunjukkan indeks kemerataan jenis yang tergolong sedang dan indeks kekayaan jenis yang tergolong sedang hingga tinggi. Beragamnya kondisi yang dijumpai di tebing karst OWA Pattunuang Assue, masih tetap sesuai bagi Tarsius fuscus dan menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi yang terdapat di tebing karst tersebut dapat menjadi habitat yang baik bagi Tarsius fuscus. Kata kunci: Tarsius fuscus, vegetasi penyusun habitat, tebing karst, Taman Nasiona

Keragaman Vegetasi Pada Areal Tepi Hutan Yang Berbatasan Dengan Enclave di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung

Masyarakat enclave umumnya memiliki tingkat ketergantungan yang tinggi terhadap sumberdaya alam dari kawasan hutan yang terdapat di sekitar tempat tinggal mereka, sehingga aktivitas pemanfaatan tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap komunitas tumbuhan di hutan sekitar enclave. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman vegetasi pada areal tepi hutan yang berbatasan dengan enclave Minggi, yang merupakan enclave yang terdapat di Taman Nasional bantimurung Bulusaraung.  Pengamatan vegetasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis berpetak.  Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kerapatan vegetasi, indeks nilai penting, indeks keragaman hayati Shannon-Weiner, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks kemerataan Pielou, indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef dan indeks kesamaan komunitas Sorensen. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa vegetasi hutan di sekitar enclave Minggi memiliki keragaman vegetasi yang tergolong sedang. Terdapat spesies yang mendominasi, namun nilai indeks dominansinya masih tergolong rendah. Nilai indeks kemerataan jenis vegetasi tergolong rendah, sedangkan nilai indeks kekayaan jenis tergolong tinggi. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya gangguan atau tekanan oleh masyarakat terhadap hutan. Perubahan kondisi hutan tersebut memerlukan upaya pemulihan kondisi komunitas tumbuhan maupun upaya peningkatan kesadaran dan pembenahan kondisi masyarakat untuk mengurangi tingkat ketergantungan terhadap hutan.Kata kunci:    Vegetasi, Tepi hutan, Enclave, Hutan sekunder, Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraun

Keragaman Vegetasi Tebing Karst yang Menjadi Habitat Tarsius Makassar (Tarsius Fuscus Fischer, 1804) di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung

Tarsius fuscus merupakan salah satu satwa endemik sebaran terbatas, yang dapat dijumpai di Obyek Wisata Alam (OWA) Pattunuang Assue, Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Di areal OWA ini, Tarsius fuscus memanfaatkan tebing karst sebagai habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman vegetasi di tebing karst yang menjadi habitat Tarsius fuscus. Areal habitat pada tebing karst ditentukan dengan terlebih dahulu menentukan lokasi sarang Tarsius fuscus. Lokasi sarang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan duet vokalisasi, pengamatan suara yang dikeluarkan saat malam, serta informasi masyarakat. Pengamatan vegetasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis berpetak yang diletakkan secara vertikal di tebing karst. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kerapatan vegetasi, indeks nilai penting, indeks keragaman hayati Shannon-Weiner, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks kemerataan Pielou, indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef dan indeks kesamaan komunitas Sorensen. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tebing karst tersebut memiliki nilai indeks keragaman jenis yang tergolong sedang, meskipun terdapat spesies yang mendominasi namun indeks dominansi pada areal tersebut tergolong rendah. Selain itu, vegetasi habitat menunjukkan indeks kemerataan jenis yang tergolong sedang dan indeks kekayaan jenis yang tergolong sedang hingga tinggi. Beragamnya kondisi yang dijumpai di tebing karst OWA Pattunuang Assue, masih tetap sesuai bagi Tarsius fuscus dan menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi yang terdapat di tebing karst tersebut dapat menjadi habitat yang baik bagi Tarsius fuscus

Sociopsychological Aspects of Butterfly Souvenir Purchasing Behavior at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia

Utilizing butterflies in souvenirs escalates their exploitation, which occurs even with protected species. Visitors affect both tourism sustainability and butterfly populations. Thus, parks must establish visitor management practices to secure tourism, including butterfly-trading activities to provide social and economic benefits, while still maintaining butterfly populations and environmental sustainability. This research examined the relationships between visitors’ motivations, environmental attitudes (deontological status, legal compliance, and political activism), and preference regarding butterfly souvenirs. Data were collected using an on-site survey of 455 respondents at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia and analyzed using factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression. Results showed that visitors’ motivations were divided into four categories: challenge and freedom, nature appreciation, social relationships, and escape from routine. Visitors showed high deontological status, legal compliance, and political activist attitudes, valued the attributes of butterfly souvenirs highly, and strongly preferred souvenirs with authenticity value. Significant correlations existed among motivation, attitude, and preference for butterfly souvenir attributes. Logistic regression results revealed that with more frequent visits, better souvenir quality, and higher education levels, the possibility of visitors purchasing butterfly souvenirs increased. Prior knowledge regarding regulations prohibiting protected butterfly trading diminished this possibility. This study further discusses how visitors’ sociopsychological information can be used to minimize negative impacts caused by overtourism

Incorporating Traditional Knowledge into Science-Based Sociotechnical Measures in Upper Watershed Management: Theoretical Framework, Existing Practices and the Way Forward

In Indonesia, 2145 watersheds currently need to be restored, where around 21 million people spread over ± 23,000 villages live below the poverty line with a high dependence on forests. This condition requires an integrated approach in watershed management, which is aimed at technically restoring environmental conditions and ensuring the welfare of the people in it. One of the strategic approaches that can be taken is to revive local wisdom and traditional knowledge (TK), which has been eroded and neglected, and integrate them with technical approaches based on modern science and knowledge. Based on the author’s research and literature studies, this paper discusses the theoretical framework and implementation practices in integrating traditional knowledge into a science-based sociotechnical system to manage upstream watersheds sustainably. Based on the empirical evidence, efforts to create good biophysical and socio-economic watershed conditions can only be achieved through the active participation of farmers in adopting and integrating scientific technology into their traditional knowledge. This integration is realized in designing and implementing watershed management technology by considering the principles of suitability, applicability, feasibility, and acceptability. In the long term, it is necessary to document TK, patent it, and transfer it to the next generation to ensure that indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ social, cultural, and economic interests are protected

Toward Water, Energy, and Food Security in Rural Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia is an archipelago with significant variations in natural resources, infrastructure, socioeconomic, culture, human resource capacity, accessibility, and access to financial and technical assistance. In this situation, integrated and unique efforts are needed to manage natural resources and build synergy between their protection and utilization to achieve water, energy, and food (WEF) security in accordance with the SDG targets. This paper analyzes the implementations of the WEF nexus in rural Indonesia by examining existing legal frameworks and other related policies, journals, textbooks, and publications. We explore factors influencing the success and failure of the implementation of the WEF nexus approaches from technical, socioeconomic, cultural, political, and institutional perspectives of the rural development framework

A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement