Social Citizenship in the European Union: Residual, Post-National and Nested Membership?

The social dimension of membership offers a strategic entry point for analyzing the development of citizenship in the European Union (EU). The first part of this contribution discusses the functions of social citizenship in this emerging supra-national and multi-level governance network. Second, the analysis deals with two prominent and stylized paradigms that have sought to make sense of the multi-level quality of social citizenship in the EU: residual, and post-national concepts of membership and citizenship in liberal democracies. Although each of these approaches captures selected elements of social citizenship, they are unable to deal in a satisfactory way with rights on duties on multiple governance levels. Therefore, the discussion moves to an alternative concept, namely nested citizenship. This means that regional, national and supra-national forms of citizenship function in complementary ways, while the associated norms, rules and instutions are under constant revision and further development. Third, the analysis shows that the concept of nested citizenship can help to overcome the fruitless dichotomy of Euro-optimism and Euro-pessimism concerning social policy and social citizenship. Both ideal-tpyical positions extrapolate the conditions of the nation-state to the supra-national level. Instead, this discussion suggests to conceive of European social citizenship as a ‘projet’ (Sartre), evolving towards a common past, present and future understanding of democratic principles and substantial rights

The migration-security nexus: international migration and security before and after 9/11

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Verknüpfung von internationaler Migration und Sicherheit vor und nach dem 11. September. Welche Folgen ergeben sich daraus für Migranten und die Integrationspolitik? Der Autor untersucht zunächst aus einem historischen Blickwinkel, wie es möglich wurde, dass internationale Migration als ein Sicherheitsproblem betrachtet wurden. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet dabei die Zeit nach dem Kalten Krieg. Der zweite Abschnitt beleuchtet kurz einige Konsequenzen, die sich aus der Verknüpfung von internationaler Sicherheit und Migration ergeben. Im dritten Abschied widmet sich der Autor den Konsequenzen für bestimmte Gruppen von Einwanderern, besonders den Muslimen

Doing Both Class and Culture? Multiculturalism in Light of the Transnational Social Question

What is the role of multiculturalism in the incorporation of immigrants in contemporary Western societies in the face of both market liberalization and (right-wing and) anti-immigrant populism? In order to answer this question, this analysis sketches the emergence of politics around culture in general and multiculturalism more specifically. It also outlines the triad of master processes driving the politics around multiculturalism. This triad consists of market liberalization, securitization and the rights revolution - with oppositions between market liberalization vs. social rights in the economic realm and securitization vs. multicultural rights in the cultural realm. Given this background, the analysis proceeds in greater detail to discuss the antinomies between securitization and cultural rights. The analysis develops a typology of migrants as ‘wanted’ (economically) and/or ‘welcome‘ (culturally), which leads to four modes of immigrant inequalities and insertion: incorporation, discrimination, tolerance and exclusion. The analysis concludes with reflections on the increasing significance of cultural and status politics without, however, implying the disappearance of class politics. The two are rather intertwined in that doing class co-structures the ways of doing culture

Transnationalisation and Development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective

Faist T. Transnationalisation and Development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective. ZiF-Mitteilungen. 2008;2008(1)

Migration Control Unhinged: The Direction of Externalisation

It is evident that externalisation policies mirror stark power asymmetries of the global and regional political orders, and thus reflect social inequalities more generally. What is new about contemporary remote control across borders? An important element is the reference to human rights norms by various political actors such as NGOs, migrant associations but also some national governments, international organisations and an activist judiciary. The contestation around externalized migration control has gone through several periods. Integral to an understanding of control are the practices of migrants themselves, how they seek to circumvent controls and resist. Thinking further ahead, we may conceive of the border as a paradox, involving both connecting and separating humans and artefacts. Such an understanding of border allows for the possibility of coexistence; difference between two or more entities being a requirement. The border does not belong to either side. How to imagine such a type of border between states is a formidable challenge to social theory

Social Citizenship in the European Union : Residual, Post-National and Nested Membership?

The social dimension of membership offers a strategic entry point for analyzing the development of citizenship in the European Union (EU). The first part of this contribution discusses the functions of social citizenship in this emerging supra-national and multi-level governance network. Second, the analysis deals with two prominent and stylized paradigms that have sought to make sense of the multi-level quality of social citizenship in the EU: residual, and post-national concepts of membership and citizenship in liberal democracies. Although each of these approaches captures selected elements of social citizenship, they are unable to deal in a satisfactory way with rights on duties on multiple governance levels. Therefore, the discussion moves to an alternative concept, namely nested citizenship. This means that regional, national and supra-national forms of citizenship function in complementary ways, while the associated norms, rules and instutions are under constant revision and further development. Third, the analysis shows that the concept of nested citizenship can help to overcome the fruitless dichotomy of Euro-optimism and Euro-pessimism concerning social policy and social citizenship. Both ideal-tpyical positions extrapolate the conditions of the nation-state to the supra-national level. Instead, this discussion suggests to conceive of European social citizenship as a ‘projet’ (Sartre), evolving towards a common past, present and future understanding of democratic principles and substantial rights

The Transnational Social Question: an Update (2021)

The point of departure for a discussion of the transnational social question isa growing awareness of cross-border interdependence along crucial issues of social inequalitiesand theirimplications not only for the global Southbut beyond. The contention around inequalities refersto international conventions declaring social rights, actually existing social standards, and moral convictions. Surveyingthe normativeand political-sociological theories capable ofcapturingthe new transnational questionyields insights into the framing of social inequalities. Such an analysis must also include a new aspectof the social question - climate and environmental destruction - in what could be called the socio-ecological question. This reviewraises the question whether concepts such as social rights and citizenship are adequate to describe contemporary social inequalitiesandthe ways in which thesecan be addressed

International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces : Their Evolution, Significance, and Future Prospects

From International Migration to Transnational Social Spaces? For the viewers of the Turkish government channel "TRT Avraysa" on German cable TV it is obvious that some children of Turkish immigrants in Germany have embarked upon successful musical careers in both Turkey and Germany. For example, during the summer of 1995, the German-based Turkish rap group "Cartel" (now disbanded) replaced Michael Jackson from being number 1 in the Turkish charts. Also, the nightly news on German TV usually feature reports on the widely known Kurdish political-military organization - the Partiya Karkarên Kurdistan (PKK, Kurdistan Workers" Party). The PKK not only operates in Turkey but also tries to influence German politicians to exert pressure on its Turkish counterpart. Moreover, TV shows for Turkey are often produced in Germany and vice versa. For example, the state television engineers about a quarter of its shows for viewers of TRT Avrasya in Germany. The growing presence of Islamist groups is another example for ties that criss-cross nation-state borders. Not being allowed a formal status in the 1970s and 1980s in Turkey, these organizations have grown and flourished in Germany. Also, it has been obvious that the remittances of Turkish migrants have been complemented by a flow of goods and information in the other direction. In addition, remittances are now being gradually replaced by capital flows such as direct investments of the children of Turkish migrants who invest in textile production in Turkey but market their products in Germany. Similar observations can be made for many other cases of sending-destination linkages and ties, such between the Caribbean islands and the United States (see, for example, Pessar 1997) or Morocco and France. All these examples point towards a circular flow of persons, goods, information and symbols that has been triggered by international labor migration and refugee flows. These exchanges include the circulation of ideas, symbols and material culture, not only the movement of people. The question is how such transnational phenomena can be described, categorized and explained. Are these phenomena limited to the first generation of migrants, or have the one-and-a-half, second and third generations developed their own forms of transnational linkages? What are the implications for the incorporation of international migrants and their descendants in the economic, political and cultural realms in the countries of settlement? The existence of transnational spaces carries important implications for the insertion of immigrants and refugees in the receiving nation-states. Up until now, two main strategies or ways of responding to the new environment in the process of settlement have been available to newcomers: adaptation and segregation. Transnational spaces enlarge the range of responses

Citizenship: A short Overview

Faist T. Citizenship: A short Overview. COMCAD Arbeitspapiere - Working Papers. Vol 173. Bielefeld: COMCAD - Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development; 2020