Factors Affecting Job Turnover: A Case Study of Private Schools of District Swat

 Several factors force employees to leave the organization. This study examines the relationship among job turnover intention, workload, low pay and job stress in private schools at district swat. For this purpose, the data has been collected from of two hundred and forty eight employees. The results of the study indicated that workload, low pay and job stress are significantly positive related to turnover intention. This study also suggested that for overcoming the turnover from the schools enough salary should be given to employees to motivate them and retained

Text Classification in an Under-Resourced Language via Lexical Normalization and Feature Pooling

Automatic classification of textual content in an under-resourced language is challenging, since lexical resources and preprocessing tools are not available for such languages. Their bag-of-words (BoW) representation is usually highly sparse and noisy, and text classification built on such a representation yields poor performance. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of lexical normalization of terms and statistical feature pooling for improving text classification in an under-resourced language. We focus on classifying citizen feedback on government services provided through SMS texts which are written predominantly in Roman Urdu (an informal forward transliterated version of the Urdu language). Our proposed methodology performs normalization of lexical variations of terms using phonetic and string similarity. It subsequently employs a supervised feature extraction technique to obtain category-specific highly discriminating features. Our experiments with classifiers reveal that significant improvement in classification performance is achieved by lexical normalization plus feature pooling over standard representations

Should capital flow from rich to poor Countries?

Alexander Monge-Naranjo is an economist and research officer at Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and a visiting associate professor at Washington University in St. Louis. Juan M. Sánchez is an economist and assistant vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and an adjunct lecturer at Washington University in St. Louis. Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis is a research fellow at Markets, Organizations and Votes in Economics (MOVE), an associate professor of economics at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and an affiliated research professor at the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics. Faisal Sohail is an assistant professor of economics at the University of Melbourne and was a technical research associate at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis thanks the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant GA324048 Asset Prices and Macro Policy when Agents Learn [APMPAL]) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0563) for financial support. The authors thank Oksana Leukhina for comments and suggestions and Juan Vizcaino and Qiuhan Sun for research assistance.Are human and physical capital stocks allocated efficiently across countries? To answer this question, we need to differentiate misallocation from factor intensity differences. We use newly available estimates on factor shares from Monge-Naranjo, Santaeulàlia-Llopis, and Sánchez (2019) to correctly measure the factor shares of physical and human capital for a large number of countries and periods. We find that the global efficiency losses of the misallocation of human capital are much more substantial than those of physical capital, amounting to 40 percent of the world's output. Moreover, contrary to the findings of Monge-Naranjo, Santaeulàlia-Llopis, and Sánchez (2019) for physical capital, the global misallocation of human capital does not seem to be subsiding. We argue that the proper measure of global misallocation requires considering the potential gains of reallocating both physical and human capital. In this case, the implied efficiency loses from misallocation are up to 60 percent of global output. Attaining those gains, contrary to the prominent Lucas paradox (Lucas, 1990), would often require physical capital to flow from poor to rich countries

Comprehensive Review on Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems: A Novel Approach for Drug Targeting

Magnetic drug delivery systems have been emerged as a prominent technique for site-specific targeting of various pharmacological agents throughout the last few decades. With the support of a magnetic field, it avoids reticuloendothelial system and directs the drugs to reach the target precisely. Magnetic carriers like nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes and emulsion have been found advantageous of the fact that they reduces the free drug concentration in the blood and to minimize the adverse effects provoked by these drugs. It has made the most crucial tumor targeting possible without damaging the healthy tissues. In this review, we will summarize the facts about magnetic drug delivery systems comprehensively

Numerical Verification of Empirically Designed Support for a Headrace Tunnel

In this paper, we used two empirical rock classification systems of rock mass rating (RMR) and rock quality tunnelling index (Q-system) for the support design of a tunnel in District Battagram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Along the tunnel route, the rocks of Precambrian namely Gandaf Formation, Karora Formation and Besham Complex were exposed. During the field investigations, two shear zones were marked in the schist of Karora Formation. The discontinuities parameters collected during the field investigations, results of laboratory testing and material constants determined from RocData version 5.0 software were used during the empirical classification and numerical modelling. The support was designed for the rock mass units from RMR and Q. The quantification of the thickness of plastic zone and total displacement around the tunnel were achieved by the numerical modelling of RS2 9.0 software in both unsupported and supported conditions. The empirically designed support was installed in the model prepared in the RS2 software. According to the results, the empirically designed support when installed in models prepared in RS2 significantly reduced the plastic zone around the tunnel. The reduction in the plastic zone and displacement around the tunnel verified the support design by empirical methods. The present research concludes that empirical designed support can be used for the complex geology of Pakistan

Comparison of Ondansetron & Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Post Spinal Shivering

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Spinal Anaesthesia is a major component of Anaesthetist's tool set and is widely used in Anaesthesia practices. A frequent problem encountered after spinal Anaesthesia is shivering caused by hypothermia. Incidence is 10-40%, if no prophylactic measures are taken, in different studies conducted on this topic. Hypothermia during intraoperative period is caused by different causes like  cold ambient OR temperature, cold IV fluids, unhumidified cold inspired gases, body cavity exposure, extremes of age and prolonged procedures. Shivering occurs because of vasodilation caused by inhibition of vasoconstriction by spinal Anaesthesia and altered perception from anaesthetized dermatomes. Shivering has an array of adverse effects including increased workload for cardiopulmonary system , poorly tolerated by patients at extremes of age. A number of drugs have been studied for shivering. Objective: To compare efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and ondansetron for prevention of shivering under spinal Anaesthesia Setting: AFIU  Study design: Randomized quasi experimental study  Study duration: 03 months  Materials and Methods:  The selected patients were randomly allocated to any of the two groups  with 50 patients each, according to computer generated random numbers. Both groups recieved study drugs after spinal Anaesthesia. Ondansetron group, 0.1mg/kg (groupO) and Dexmedetomidine group 0.1mcg/kg (group D). Patients were scored for shivering at scheduled intervals and rescue doses of Pethidine were given for severe shivering not responding to study drugs. Results:  Our study in group O had high mean shivering scores at scheduled intervals as compared to group D  Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine provides better control of shivering than Ondansetron               &nbsp

Quantification of carbon dioxide released from effervescent granules as a predictor of formulation quality using modified Chittick apparatus

Purpose: To develop a method for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) released from effervescent formulations. Methods: Effervescent granules were prepared using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid by fusion and solvent-assisted granulation methods. The amount of CO2 released was determined from the maximum pressure of gas release, time profile of pressure gradient using modified Chittick apparatus and gravimetric changes following effervescence. Results: The amount of CO2 released from effervescent granules prepared by fusion method was 8.125, 8.763 and 7.98 mM/g measured by ideal gas equation, pressure gradient and gravimetric method, respectively. The formulation prepared by solvent-assisted granulation showed 5.525, 5.475 5.36 mM/g of carbon dioxide measured by the above three methods, respectively. The effervescent granules prepared by fusion method showed approximately 2 % loss in effervescence. However, approximately 39 % loss in effervescence was observed for the formulation prepared by solventassisted granulation. The commercial products showed a loss in effervescence in the range of 5 - 15%. Conclusion: Modified Chittick’s apparatus is a useful analytical tool for monitoring of the CO2 from effervescent granules as a function of method of preparation

Factors Affecting Job Turnover: A Case Study of Private Schools of District Swat

 Several factors force employees to leave the organization. This study examines the relationship among job turnover intention, workload, low pay and job stress in private schools at district swat. For this purpose, the data has been collected from of two hundred and forty eight employees. The results of the study indicated that workload, low pay and job stress are significantly positive related to turnover intention. This study also suggested that for overcoming the turnover from the schools enough salary should be given to employees to motivate them and retained