Multiphoton excitations in vibrational rotational states of diatomic molecules in intense electromagnetic field

A theory is presented and a calculational procedure is outlined for evaluating transition amplitudes of multiphoton excitations of vibrational-rotational levels in diatomic molecules. This theory can be utilized in studying behavior of molecules in intense electromagnetic fields

Genomic and non-genomic effects of androgens in the cardiovascular system: clinical implications

The principle steroidal androgens are testosterone and its metabolite 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is converted from testosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase. Through the classic pathway with androgens crossing the plasma membrane and binding to the androgen receptor (AR) or via mechanisms independent of the ligand-dependent transactivation function of nuclear receptors, testosterone induces genomic and non-genomic effects respectively. AR is widely distributed in several tissues, including vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Androgens are essential for many developmental and physiological processes, especially in male reproductive tissues. It is now clear that androgens have multiple actions besides sex differentiation and sexual maturation and that many physiological systems are influenced by androgens, including regulation of cardiovascular function [nitric oxide (NO) release, Ca2+ mobilization, vascular apoptosis, hypertrophy, calcification, senescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation]. This review focuses on evidence indicating that interplay between genomic and non-genomic actions of testosterone may influence cardiovascular function

C and S induces changes in the electronic and geometric structure of Pd(533) and Pd(320)

We have performed ab initio electronic structure calculations of C and S adsorption on two vicinal surfaces of Pd with different terrace geometry and width. We find both adsorbates to induce a significant perturbation of the surface electronic and geometric structure of Pd(533) and Pd(320). In particular C adsorbed at the bridge site at the edge of a Pd chain in Pd(320) is found to penetrate the surface to form a sub-surface structure. The adsorption energies show almost linear dependence on the number of adsorbate-metal bonds, and lie in the ranges of 5.31eV to 8.58eV for C and 2.89eV to 5.40eV for S. A strong hybridization between adsorbate and surface electronic states causes a large splitting of the bands leading to a drastic decrease in the local densities of electronic states at the Fermi-level for Pd surface atoms neighboring the adsorbate which may poison catalytic activity of the surface. Comparison of the results for Pd(533) with those obtained earlier for Pd(211) suggests the local character of the impact of the adsorbate on the geometric and electronic structures of Pd surfaces.Comment: 14 pages 9 figs, Accepted J. Phys: Conden

Reliability analysis and performance degradation of a boost converter

pre-printIn general, power converters are operated in closed-loop systems, and any characteristic variations in one component will simultaneously alter the operating point of other components, resulting in a shift in overall reliability profile. This interdependence makes the reliability of a converter a complex function of time and operating conditions; therefore, the application may demand periodic replacement of converters to avoid downtime and maintenance cost. By knowing the present state of health and the remaining life of a power converter, it is possible to reduce the maintenance cost for expensive high-power converters. This paper presents a reliability analysis for a boost converter, although this method could be used to any power converter being operated using closed-loop controls. Through the conducted study, it is revealed that the reliability of a boost converter having control loops degrades with time, and this paper presents a method to calculate time-varying reliability of a boost converter as a function of characteristic variations in different components in the circuit. In addition, the effects of operating and ambient conditions have been included in the reliability model as well. It was found that any increase in the ON-state resistance of the MOSFET or equivalent series resistance of the output capacitor decreases the overall reliability of the converter. However, any variation in the capacitance has a more complex impact on the converter's reliability. This paper is a step forward to the power-converter reliability analysis because the cumulative effect of multiple degraded components has been considered in the reliability model

Perancangan Aplikasi SMS Alert Berbasis Web

Bermacam ragam teknologi yang hadir untuk ikut meramaikan dunia teknologi informasi dan komunikasi saat ini, SMS (Short Message Service) atau layanan pesan singkat masih belum ketinggalan, teknologi SMS memungkinkan orang saling berkirim atau bertukar informasi (berupa teks) melalui mobile device seperti handphone. Seiring dengan derasnya arus informasi dan komunikasi serta semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan, maka semakin banyak pula media atau sarana penyedia informasi yang bermunculan. SMS Gateway hadir sebagai media atau sarana penyedia informasi berbasis SMS. Melihat perkembangannya, saat ini SMS Gateway semakin banyak digunakan oleh banyak instansi-instansi atau Perusahaan sebagai salah satu alat pengelola informasi. Sudah hampir semua instansi pemerintahan maupun Perusahaan swasta memanfaatan perkembangan teknologi informasi tersebut, dengan aplikasi SMS alert sehingga memberikan kemudahan. istem akan mengirimkan SMS sebagai alert (peringatan) kepada yang membutuhkan sesuai dengan kondisi yang sudah ditentukan pada sistem. Dengan terciptanya aplikasi SMS alert ini informasi akan dapat dapat terkirim lebih cepat dan tepat serta dapat meringankan pekerjaan dalam hal pengiriman informasi sehingga pekerjaan menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien Kata kunci : SMS (Short Message Service), Peringatan (Alert), PHP My SQ