STUDI PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN H2O2 TERHADAP KADAR OKSIGEN TERLARUT (DO) DAN % EKSTRAKSI PELINDIAN EMAS DAN PERAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BOTTLE ROLL TEST (BRT) PADA BIJIH EMAS PT CIBALIUNG SUMBERDAYA

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan sumber daya alam yang melimpah, salah satunya seperti emas. PT. Cibaliung Sumberdaya bergerak dibidang ekstraksi emas. Salah satu proses ekstraksi emas di PT. Cibaliung Sumberdaya yaitu pelindian/leaching. roses pelindian berlangsung selama 7 jam di dalam tangki pertama (Tank CII. 01) dengan volume efektif 485 m Tangki tersebut dilengkapi sistem pengadukan (agitasi) yang berfungsi untuk memperluas kontak antara ore dengan senyawa sianida dan sistem aerator yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat reaksi pelarutan emas.Dalam proses pelindian, ditambahkan H2O2 atau hidrogen peroksida yang digunakan sebagai oksidator yang akan mengubah CN menjadi CNO pada proses degradasi sianida di TSF (Tailing Storage Facility). Hidrogen peroksida merupakan senyawa yang reaktif, tidak stabil, mudah mengurai dan mempunyai tingkat kepekaan yang tinggi untuk membebaskan energi (mengurai secara eksotermis) yang salah satu cirinya adalah apabila tersentuh badan atau benda akan terjadi pembebasan panas.Dalam penginjeksian H2O2 ke dalam tangki leaching memerlukan dosis konsentrasi yang pas agar hasil % ekstraksi Au dan Ag yang dihasilkan dapat semaksimal mungkin.  Variable yang digunakan adalah tanpa H2O2, H2O2 5%, dan H2O2 10%

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA STATISTIK BERBASIS LEARNING CYCLE TERINTGRASI PROFETIK

Development is research with the output of a product, either simply or structurally. Development research is used to design and produce a product systematically and meet internal practicality criteria. universal and use the framework of science. To realize physics education students, of course, the statistical physics module is in accordance with student needs. This study aims to develop a learning cycle-based statistical physics module/book. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4-D model (Four D) which is a learning device development model. The 4D development model consists of 4 main stages, namely: 1. Define (Delimitation), 2. Design (Design), 3. Develop (Development) and 4. Disseminate (Dissemination), adapted to the 4-P Model, namely Defining, Designing, Development , and Dissemination. The products developed are in the form of modules or textbooks. The data source is physics education students at FKIP UHAMKA. Data sources were obtained from informants, documents, activity processes and validators. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis techniques used the gain score test, quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Model validation was carried out using expert judgment using the Delphi technique.The results of this study are the modules / textbooks of physics statistics. Validation from material experts / academic experts, display media and revisions were 77.03 and 86.38 with very good categories. The results of the reaction evaluation to measure the respondents' responses to the quality of the implementation of the modules / textbooks were considered good. In the effectiveness of the use of modules/textbooks there are significant changes to students before and after, as evidenced by the high effectiveness or feasibility of the statistical physics module/textbook in the criteria of "Very High" and the N-Gain percentage score shows the number 92 meaning the module/coursebook statistical physics. For prophetic value, in this case it is integrated through effectiveness in using the modules / textbooks used, prophetic assessors are taken from several criteria, namely shidiq means honest with an average of 8.64, amanah means responsibility with an average of 9.08 and tabliq / truth / communicative with an average of 9.33, fathonah which means intelligent / curious, with an average of 8.67. The conclusions from the results of this study are in the form of modules / textbooks that can be used as a guide by students and lecturers in conducting lectures at FKIP UHAMK

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research