Comparison of Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Zirconia With Different Surface Treatments Using Universal Adhesive and Zirconia Primer

Introduction: Increased demand for metal free fixed partial denture in recent years led to the developing of all ceramic material with excellent mechanical properties. One of the most popular all ceramic is zirconia which shows poor bonding properties. Recently, universal primer contains of silane and phosphate monomer for bond to zirconia have been introduced. The aim of this study is determination of the best method for bonding to zirconia based on the selection of the correct primer, suitable adhesive and best surface pretreatment.Methods: In this in vitro experimental study 16 sintered-zirconia blocks prepared in dimension of (18×6×2 mm) by CAD/CAM technology. Sample cleansed by ultrasonic device contain of 96% ethanol in 6 minutes, after air-drying, based on surface treatment randomly divided into 4 groups which each group divided into 2 sub-groups based on the use of a primer or universal bond: (1) no treatment: (a) cement + zirconia primer, (b) cement + universal bond. (2) Alumina pretreatment: (a) cement + zirconia primer, (b) cement + universal bond. (3) Cojet sand pretreatment: (a) cement + zirconia primer, (b) cement + universal bond. (4) laser pretreatment (a) cement + zirconia primer, (b) cement + universal bond. Composite disc prepared with condensation of composite resin in Tygon tube with integral diminution of 0.7 mm which cured for 40 sconds. Universal bond or zirconia primmer apply on the surface of the zirconia samples then cemented to composite disks by Panavia F2 according manufacture instructions. Micro-shear bond strength determined with universal testing machine. Failure mode assessed under stereomicroscope. Selected sample based on surface treatment evaluated under SEM. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Comparison of the 4 surface treatment groups revealed a significant difference and the highest bond belonged to Cojet and the lowest one to laser group.Conclusion: It seems that Universal Adhesive can to be considered as an alternative to bond to zirconia but the Cojet method is still required

Effects of optogenetic inhibition of a small fraction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons on the representation of sensory stimuli in mouse barrel cortex

Inhibitory interneurons play central roles in the modulation of spontaneous network activity and in processing of neuronal information. In sensory neocortical areas, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons control the representation and processing of peripheral sensory inputs. We studied the functional role of PV+ interneurons in the barrel cortex of anesthetized adult PVCre mice by combining extracellular multi-electrode recordings with optogenetic silencing of a small fraction of PV+ interneurons. In all cortical layers, optogenetic inhibition caused an increase in spontaneous network activity from theta to gamma frequencies. The spatio-temporal representation of sensory inputs was studied by stimulating one or two whiskers at different intervals and analyzing the resulting local field potential (LFP) and single unit (SU) response. Silencing PV+ interneurons caused an increase in LFP response to sensory stimulation and a decrease in temporal discrimination of consecutive whisker deflections. The combined effect of whisker deflection and optogenetic inhibition was highly similar to the linear sum of the individual effects of these two manipulations. SU recordings revealed that optogenetic silencing reduced stimulus detectability by increasing stimulus-evoked firing rate by a constant offset, suggesting that PV+ interneurons improve signal-to-noise ratio by reducing ongoing spiking activity, thereby sharpening the spatio-temporal representation of sensory stimuli

Critical-Sized Bone Defects Regeneration Using a Bone-Inspired 3D Bilayer Collagen Membrane in Combination with Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane (L-PRF): An \u3cem\u3eIn Vivo\u3c/em\u3e Study

Objectives We aim to develop a 3D-bilayer collagen (COL) membrane reinforced with nano beta-tricalcium-phosphate (nβ-TCP) particles and to evaluate its bone regeneration in combination with leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in vivo. Background data L-PRF has exhibited promising results as a cell carrier in bone regeneration in a number of clinical studies, however there are some studies that did not confirm the positive results of L-PRF application. Methods Mechanical & physiochemical characteristics of the COL/nβ-TCP membrane (1/2 & 1/4) were tested. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of seeded cells on bilayer collagen/nβ-TCP thick membrane was examined. Then, critical-sized calvarial defects in 8 white New Zealand rabbits were filled with either Col, Col/nβ-TCP, Col/nβ-TCP combined with L-PRF membrane, or left empty. New bone formation (NBF) was measured histomorphometrically 4 & 8 weeks postoperatively. Results Compressive modulus increases while porosity decreases with higher β-TCP concentrations. Mechanical properties improve, with 89 % porosity (pore size ∼100 μm) in the bilayer-collagen/nβ-TCP membrane. The bilayer design also enhances the proliferation and ALP activity. In vivo study shows no significant difference among test groups at 4 weeks, but Col/nβ-TCP + L-PRF demonstrates more NBF compared to others (P \u3c 0.05) after 8 weeks. Conclusion The bilayer-collagen/nβ-TCP thick membrane shows promising physiochemical in vitro results and significant NBF, as ¾ of the defect is filled with lamellar bone when combined with L-PRF membrane

Multiple scaring cutaneous erosions and hoarseness in a 7- month- old infant

A seven-month-old female infant was referred to the dermatology clinic due to several erosive cutaneous lesions. The lesions were crusted and super-infected (impetiginized), widespread on her face, trunk and, extremities. Multiple atrophic and ice-pick scars were also remarkable, especially on her face, which was attributable to previous lesions. The lesions have been appeared since one- month of age, and have been resolved on their own with atrophic scars. Hoarseness was another notable finding in her physical examination and the physical examination was otherwise normal. The hoarseness had existed since her birth. Lipoid proteinosis or Urbach- Weithe syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to mutation in extracellular matrix protein 1  (ECM 1) characterized by the deposition of hyaline in cutaneous tissue and mucus membrane of aerodigestive tract (2). Mucocutaneous lesions including palpebral and lingual yellowish nodules, laryngeal complications such as hoarseness and obstruction, and neuro-cognitive disorders including learning difficulties, aggression, loss of fear, memory impairment, and seizures are expected in lipoid proteinosis (3-7)

The Effect of Acute Ethanol and Gabapentin Administration on Spatial Learning and Memory

 Introduction: Patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. Many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like Gabapentin (GBP). Apart from anti-epilectic action, Gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Because both GBP and ethanol act on GABA ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effect and interaction on spatial learning and memory. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in the Morris water maze for 5 consecutive days. On the sixth day, a probe test was performed to assess the retention phase or spatial rats’ memory ability. Ethanol (1.5 g/kg i.p.) and GBP (30 mg/kg i.p.) was administered each day 30 and 40 minutes before testing respectively. Results: Acute ethanol administration selectively impaired spatial memory (p<0.05), yet it failed to impair the acquisition phase (learning). Contradictorily GBP selectively impaired learning on second and forth days. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GBP and acute ethanol impair different phases of learning probably by modifying different neuronal pathways in cognitive areas of the brain

Classifying referring/non-referring ADR in biomedical text using deep learning

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a harmful and unwanted disorder that occurs as a result of taking a drug at doses commonly used in humans for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease, or to change physiological function. Reports have shown that about 10% of hospitalizations are due to ADRs. Reporting ADRs has become an essential part of the monitoring and evaluation activities carried out in hospitals. Still, some harmful effects are not reported by drug manufacturers and are unknown to doctors. These effects increase the number of patient hospitalizations. One of the resources that can help in this matter is the huge medical resources available on the web which contain valuable information. Most of these information sources are in the form of text, which should use natural language processing (NLP) techniques for their automatic analysis. The first step in this analysis is to identify texts related to ADR and separate them from unrelated texts. For separating related texts from the massive volume of irrelevant texts, a supervised learning classifier should be used. The purpose of this paper is to apply deep learning models to detect the side effects of drugs in texts using a binary classifier. Deep learning techniques are the state-of-the-art method for text classification. In this article, three approaches based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network (GRU), and Transformer are used for the ADRs identification. The models were trained and evaluated on three different datasets. The results showed that Transformer with 99.12 accuracy is the best model compared to RNN, and GRU. Also, the applied method performs significantly better than previous works

Comparison of the quality of sleep and intensity of headache between school-age children with migraine, tension headache and healthy children

Objective Headache and sleep problems are commonly reported in children, and both can adversely impact the child’s life. This study aimed to compare the sleep quality and intensity of headache between school-age children with migraine and tension headache and healthy children.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, sample was 198 children 6-12 years old in three groups. Migraine and tension headache groups from the outpatient clinic of Imam Khomeini of Hamadan and  healthy group from elementary schools were randomly selected (66 children in each group) Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Numeric Scale of Pain Intensity and Wong- Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software by descriptive statistic and multivariate ANOVA, one way ANOVA, chi-square, kruskal-wallis and linear regression tests.Results The majority of subjects in migraine group (57.6%), tension headache (60.6%) and healthy children (45.5%) were female. Approximately, 45.5% of children with migraine and 37.9% of them with tension headache had experienced severe headache. Only a significant relationship was seen between mean scores of headache intensity and sleep quality in migraine group (p< 0.05). There was a significant difference in mean scores of sleep quality among three groups (P<0.001).Conclusion The children with migraine experienced more unsuitable sleep in duration of severe headache. Highlighting the co-morbidity between intensity of headache and sleep problem of children with migraine and tension headache is important to improve treatment strategies and to know the impact of headache on their normal life

Different types of bisphenols alter ovarian steroidogenesis: Special attention to BPA

Endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues, including BPS, BPAF, and BPE, are used extensively in the manufacture of plastics. These synthetic chemicals could seriously alter the functionality of the female reproductive system. Although the number of studies conducted on other types of bisphenols is smaller than the number of studies on BPA, the purpose of this review study was to evaluate the effects of bisphenol compounds, particularly BPA, on hormone production and on genes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis in both in vitro (human and animal cell lines) and in vivo (animal models) studies.The current data show that exposure to bisphenol compounds has adverse effects on ovarian steroidogenesis. For example, BPA, BPS, and BPAF can alter the normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by targeting kisspeptin neurons involved in steroid feedback signals to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells, resulting in abnormal production of LH and FSH. Exposure to BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPB had adverse effects on the release of some hormones, namely 17-β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T). BPA, BPE, BPS, BPF, and BPAF are also capable of negatively altering the transcription of a number of genes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, such as the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR, involved in the transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the steroidogenesis process begins), cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp17a1, which is involved in the biosynthesis of androgens such as testosterone), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3β-HSD, involved in the biosynthesis of P4), and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19a1, involved in the biosynthesis of E2). Exposure to BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS at prenatal or prepubertal stages could decrease the number of antral follicles by activating apoptosis and autophagy pathways, resulting in decreased production of E2 and P4 by granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs), respectively. BPA and BPS impair ovarian steroidogenesis by reducing the function of some important cell receptors such as estrogens (ERs, including ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PgR), the orphan estrogen receptor gamma (ERRγ), the androgen receptor (AR), the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), the FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor), and the LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor). In animal models, the effects of bisphenol compounds depend on the type of animals, their age, and the duration and dose of bisphenols, while in cell line studies the duration and doses of bisphenols are the matter

Cytoplasmic Expression of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 by a Genetically Engineered Strain of Escherichia coli, SHuffle® Strain: Human BMP-7 soluble expression by SHuffle® strain

Homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) plays a key role in bone metabolism. The functionality of human BMP-7 protein is dependent on its disulfide bond formation and proper folding. Therefore, the expression of soluble recombinant BMP-7 using Escherichia coli cells as the host remains a challenge. Given the need for these disulfide-bonded proteins for stabilized native conformation, the cytoplasm of SHuffle® T7 Express as an E. coli engineered strain can effectively fold disulfide-bonded proteins with a need for proper oxidative folding. These cellular features turn the SHuffle® expression system into an efficient host for the recombinant production of human BMP-7 protein. A soluble dimeric form of recombinant human BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) which has a wide range of applications in medicine and can be used in the treatment of bone defects was produced using the SHuffle® strain as the expression system. This study demonstrated the production of rhBMP-7 using E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express strain. Also, an effective protocol was proposed for the expression and purification of soluble human BMP-7. In addition, it was found that the genetically engineered SHuffle® strain can efficiently enhance the solubility of recombinant human BMP-7 as a therapeutic target. HIGHLIGHTS                                                              E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express strain is an effective host to express disulfide-bonded proteins. BMP-7 is involved in the process of bone formation. Expression of human BMP-7 in SHuffle® strain increased its solubility. &nbsp

Effects of optogenetic inhibition of a small fraction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons on the representation of sensory stimuli in mouse barrel cortex

Inhibitory interneurons play central roles in the modulation of spontaneous network activity and in processing of neuronal information. In sensory neocortical areas, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons control the representation and processing of peripheral sensory inputs. We studied the functional role of PV+ interneurons in the barrel cortex of anesthetized adult PVCre mice by combining extracellular multi-electrode recordings with optogenetic silencing of a small fraction of PV+ interneurons. In all cortical layers, optogenetic inhibition caused an increase in spontaneous network activity from theta to gamma frequencies. The spatio-temporal representation of sensory inputs was studied by stimulating one or two whiskers at different intervals and analyzing the resulting local field potential (LFP) and single unit (SU) response. Silencing PV+ interneurons caused an increase in LFP response to sensory stimulation and a decrease in temporal discrimination of consecutive whisker deflections. The combined effect of whisker deflection and optogenetic inhibition was highly similar to the linear sum of the individual effects of these two manipulations. SU recordings revealed that optogenetic silencing reduced stimulus detectability by increasing stimulus-evoked firing rate by a constant offset, suggesting that PV+ interneurons improve signal-to-noise ratio by reducing ongoing spiking activity, thereby sharpening the spatio-temporal representation of sensory stimuli