A development cooperation Erasmus Mundus partnership for capacity building in earthquake mitigation science and higher education

Successful practices have shown that a community’s capacity to manage and reduce its seismic risk relies on capitalization on policies, on technology and research results. An important role is played by education, than contribute to strengthening technical curricula of future practitioners and researchers through university and higher education programs. EUNICE is a European Commission funded higher education partnership for international development cooperation with the objective to build capacity of individuals who will operate at institutions located in seismic prone Asian Countries. The project involves five European Universities, eight Asian universities and four associations and NGOs active in advanced research on seismic mitigation, disaster risk management and international development. The project consists of a comprehensive mobility scheme open to nationals from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, North Korea, Philippines, and Sri Lanka who plan to enroll in school or conduct research at one of five European partner universities in Italy, Greece and Portugal. During the 2010-14 time span a total number of 104 mobilities are being involved in scientific activities at the undergraduate, masters, PhD, postdoctoral and academic-staff exchange levels. Researchers, future policymakers and practitioners build up their curricula over a range of disciplines in the fields of earthquake engineering, seismology, disaster risk management and urban planning

EU-NICE, Eurasian University Network for International Cooperation in Earthquakes

Despite the remarkable scientific advancements of earthquake engineering and seismology in many countries, seismic risk is still growing at a high rate in the world’s most vulnerable communities. Successful practices have shown that a community’s capacity to manage and reduce its seismic risk relies on capitalization on policies, on technology and research results. An important role is played by education, than contribute to strengthening technical curricula of future practitioners and researchers through university and higher education programmes. In recent years an increasing number of initiatives have been launched in this field at the international and global cooperation level. Cooperative international academic research and training is key to reducing the gap between advanced and more vulnerable regions. EU-NICE is a European Commission funded higher education partnership for international development cooperation with the objective to build capacity of individuals who will operate at institutions located in seismic prone Asian Countries. The project involves five European Universities, eight Asian universities and four associations and NGOs active in advanced research on seismic mitigation, disaster risk management and international development. The project consists of a comprehensive mobility scheme open to nationals from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, North Korea, Philippines, and Sri Lanka who plan to enrol in school or conduct research at one of five European partner universities in Italy, Greece and Portugal. During the 2010-14 time span a total number of 104 mobilities are being involved in scientific activities at the undergraduate, masters, PhD, postdoctoral and academic-staff exchange levels. This high number of mobilities and activities is selected and designed so as to produce an overall increase of knowledge that can result in an impact on earthquake mitigation. Researchers, future policymakers and practitioners build up their curricula over a range of disciplines in the fields of engineering, seismology, disaster risk management and urban planning. Specific educational and research activities focus on earthquake risk mitigation related topics such as: anti-seismic structural design, structural engineering, advanced computer structural collapse analysis, seismology, experimental laboratory studies, international and development issues in disaster risk management, social-economical impact studies, international relations and conflict resolution

Seismic assessment of a heavy-timber frame structure with ring-doweled moment-resisting connections

The performance of heavy-timber structures in earthquakes depends strongly on the inelastic behavior of the mechanical connections. Nevertheless, the nonlinear behavior of timber structures is only considered in the design phase indirectly through the use of an R-factor or a q-factor, which reduces the seismic elastic response spectrum. To improve the estimation of this, the seismic performance of a three-story building designed with ring-doweled moment resisting connections is analyzed here. Connections and members were designed to fulfill the seismic detailing requirements present in Eurocode 5 and Eurocode 8 for high ductility class structures. The performance of the structure is evaluated through a probabilistic approach, which accounts for uncertainties in mechanical properties of members and connections. Nonlinear static analyses and multi-record incremental dynamic analyses were performed to characterize the q-factor and develop fragility curves for different damage levels. The results indicate that the detailing requirements of Eurocode 5 and Eurocode 8 are sufficient to achieve the required performance, even though they also indicate that these requirements may be optimized to achieve more cost-effective connections and members. From the obtained fragility curves, it was verified that neglecting modeling uncertainties may lead to overestimation of the collapse capacity

Seismic loss analysis of a non-ductile infilled rc building

Mean annual financial losses due to seismic events in Italy are about 2-3 billion euro. For this reason, in recent years increasing attention has been placed on strategies to reduce the seismic risk of the national building stock. In this work, a comparative seismic loss analysis of an infilled R/C building is performed using the FEMA P-58 probabilistic framework and the tool PACT. The objective is to evaluate how the structural modeling and the characterization of structural and nonstructural elements fragility can affect the loss estimation. Fragility and consequence functions for discrete damage states are assumed for structural and non-structural components. A case study prototype typical of Italian pre-1970 R/C infilled buildings is chosen. Nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) are performed for three 2D modeling configurations. Financial losses are expressed as median values of repair costs at different hazard levels or in terms of Expected Annual Loss (EAL)

A simplified method to predict torsional effects on asymmetric seismic isolated buildings under bi-directional earthquake components

The assessment of maximum displacement demand is a crucial point in the design of seismic isolating systems, in particular when the non linear behaviour of devices is modeled through visco-elastic equivalent schemes, as common in the design practice. Several phenomena influence the maximum demand assessment, among which the torsional and earthquake directionality effects can be of great impact. International codes use some formulations which allow to consider torsional effects, while the impact of the other phenomena is commonly assessed through time-history analyses. In this paper an innovative design method is developed based on an exact linear elastic formulation with response spectrum, which keeps in count both torsional and directivity effects considering natural and accidental eccentricity and by using the CQC3 (Menun and Der Kiureghian in Earthq Spectra 153–163, 1998. https ://doi.org/10.1193/1.15860 25) as directional combination rule. The method models the seismic action through the response spectra of a set of natural recorded ground motions, properly oriented along their principal axes to assess the correct ratio between the horizontal components of spectral accelerations; thus accounting for the sitespecific earthquake source, without the need to perform time-history analyses. A specific formalization of the dynamic problem is presented to emphasize the parameters which more affects the response (e.g. torsional factor, eccentricity, geometrical aspect ratio) and simplify its interpretation. Results obtained on two case studies are compared with timehistory analyses to show the effectiveness of the procedure

Graphic dynamic prediction of polarized earthquake incidence response for plan-irregular single story buildings

A graphical dynamic model is presented to predict the directional earthquake response of two-ways plan-asymmetric buildings. The theoretical principles inherent to torsional dynamics and vibrations are investigated and the dynamic directional response is rationally explained based on modal rotational kinematics about modal torsional pivots. Seismic forces and response decomposition are handled through geometric modal torsional trends and the earthquake incidence response envelopes are described through directional modal participation radii and graphic spectrum-based ‘8-shaped’ directional influence circles. The graphic approach provides good predictions of the maximum response and of the critical angle computed through directional combination methods. A nonlinear 3D frame model with eccentric infills is analyzed through linear and nonlinear response history analyses (RHA, NLRHA) changing the earthquake incidence angle. Upon confirmation of weak modal coupling, graphic-dynamic modal torsional trends and directional inelastic response envelopes are used to predict the nonlinear response. Directional incremental dynamic analyses and uncoupled modal response history analyses confirm the prediction of polarization