Pertumbuhan Miselium Pada Bibit F2 Dan F3 Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr) kummer) dengan Penambahan Gula (Sukrosa) di Usaha Bersama Budidaya Jamur Tiram Kota Medan

White oyster mushrooms is one of the commercial edible mushrooms, high and prospective economy value as a source of the income of farmers. This fungus can also grow on media that is given the addition of sucrose (sand sugar). Sucrose have the ability in increase of conidia germination and fungal growth. The purpose  of this study was to determine the effect of adding the right dose of sucrose sugar to the growth of white oyster mushroom mycelium. This study used the experiment method. The results obtained from this study were effective doses of sugar in the long growth of oyster mushroom mycelium in F2 seedlings were 40 grams from 4% of growing media with an average growth of 0.67 cm per 2 days, while in seed F3 were 40 grams from 4% of growing media with an average growth of 0.36 cm per 2 days

Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol dari Daun Paku Sarang Burung (Asplenium nidus)

Infectious diseases caused by microbes are increasing; the growth of microbes can be inhibited by using antibiotics. Continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbes to become resistant. The resistance can be reduced by finding new sources of antibiotics, one of which is from the bird nest fern (Asplenium nidus). This study aimed to determine the potency and concentration of A. Nidus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical tests include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and quinones. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out on 12 treatments with three replications; the antimicrobial effectiveness test was carried out on seven treatments with five replications using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical test results showed A. Nidus contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. A. nidus extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of the testing pathogenic bacteria, with the most effective concentration on P. aeruginosa of 45% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,16 mm, on E. Coli started of 55% with an inhibitory zone was about 13,68 mm, on B. Subtilis of 65% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,80 mm and S. aureus was 75% with an inhibitory zone of 11,96 mm.   Keywords: antibiotics, Asplenium nidus, Infectious diseas