VOCAL REPERTORY OF TWO SPECIES OF THE LEPTODACTYLUS PENTADACTYLUS GROUP (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE)

Among frogs, vocalizations play important roles in their social interactions. Herein we describefi ve new types of vocalizations for two foam-nesting species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylusgroup, L. syphax and L. labyrinthicus. Behavioral observations and recordings were done in fourlocalities within the Cerrado biome, at southeast and central Brazil. Before emitting advertisementcalls, males of L. syphax often started producing a sequence of notes, which gradually turned into theadvertisement call. These different notes may be an introductory call, which would serve to preparethe vocal structures for the emission of the high-frequency/amplitude advertisement calls. A male ofL. syphax was emitting advertisement calls when a female approached and started to emit brief andlow-amplitude calls; these vocalizations probably are reciprocation calls. Males of L. labyrinthicusinvolved in agonistic interactions can emit vocal cracks (encounter call) and deep rough sounds (territorialcalls). Five courting males of L. labyrinthicus released screams with their mouth slightly openedin response to the approach of human observers. We conclude that these screams do not representdistress or territorial calls

Ecologia alimentar do cachorro-do-mato, Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora-Canidae), no Parque Florestal de Itapetininga, municipio de Atibaia, sudeste do Brasil

Orientador: Emygdio L. A. Monteiro FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Cerdocyon thous é um canídeo de médio porte, amplamente distribuído na América do Sul. Apesar de ser uma espécie comum, são poucos os trabalhos que tratam de sua ecologia no Brasil. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer os itens alimentares utilizados por esta espécie numa área de floresta secundária (1.800 ha; 800-1.390 m de altitude; 1.450 mm chuva/ano) no Município de Atibaia, Estado de São Paulo. Na área de estudo, o clima é marcado por duas estações: uma seca, de abril a setembro, e outra úmida, de outubro a março. A dieta foi estudada através da análise de fezes (N = 234), coletadas semanalmente no campo durante o período de julho de 1993 a junho de 1994. A importância de cada tipo de alimento foi determinada com base na sua porcentagem de ocorrência nas fezes e seu volume relativo. No total, foram identificados 70 itens alimentares, sendo 52 de origem animal e 18 de origem vegetal. Frutos foram encontrados em 85% das fezes, constituindo 52% do volume. Vertebrados ocorreram em 54% das fezes e representaram 43% do volume. Mamíferos ocorreram em 35% das fezes, aves em 22%, répteis em 9% e anfíbios em 4%. Artrópodos foram itens alimentares freqüentes (47%), porém tiveram uma contribuição pequena em volume (5%). A dieta apresentou variação sazonal, sendo que frutos e artrópodos foram mais freqüentes durante a estação úmida e mamíferos na estação seca. O espectro alimentar de C. thous na área de estudo é amplo e a composição da dieta aparentemente varia de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos no ambienteAbstract: Cerdocyon thous is a medium sized canid with a wide distribution in South America. In spite of being common, there are few works on the ecology of this species in Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify the food items consumed by C. thous in a secondary forest (1,800 ha; 800-1,390 m altitude; 1,450 mm/year) in the region of Atibaia, São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. The study area presents a dry season from April to September and a wet one from October to March. The diet was studied through scat analysis (N = 234) collected weekly in the field from July/93 to June/94. The importance of each food item was based on its frequency in the scats and its relative volume. Seventy item types were identified from the scats, fifty-two of which of animal source and eighteen from vegetal source. Fruits were the main category in the diet, being found in 85% of the scats, representing 51 % of the total volume. Vertebrates were present in 54% of the scats, making 43% of the total volume. Mammals were present in 35% of the scats, birds in 22%, reptiles in 9%, and amphibians in 4%. Arthropods were frequent (47% of the scats), but contributed with little volume (5%). Fruits and arthropods were more frequent in the scats during the wet season and mammals were more frequent in the dry season. The diet range of C. thous in the study area was broad and the frequency of the food types apparently varied according to their availability in the fieldMestradoMestre em Ecologi